List of Holocaust survivors
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The people on this list are or were survivors of
Nazi Germany Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was ...
's attempt to exterminate the Jewish people in Europe before and during
World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...
. A state-enforced persecution of
Jewish people Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""Th ...
in Nazi-controlled Europe lasted from the introduction of the
Nuremberg Laws The Nuremberg Laws (german: link=no, Nürnberger Gesetze, ) were antisemitic and racist laws that were enacted in Nazi Germany on 15 September 1935, at a special meeting of the Reichstag convened during the annual Nuremberg Rally of ...
in 1935 to
Hitler Adolf Hitler (; 20 April 188930 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was dictator of Nazi Germany, Germany from 1933 until Death of Adolf Hitler, his death in 1945. Adolf Hitler's rise to power, He rose to power as the le ...
's defeat in 1945. Although there were many victims of the Holocaust, the ''International Commission on Holocaust Era Insurance Claims'' (ICHEIC) defines a
Holocaust survivor Holocaust survivors are people who survived the Holocaust, defined as the persecution and attempted annihilation of the Jews by Nazi Germany and its allies before and during World War II in Europe and North Africa. There is no universally accep ...
as, "Any Jew who lived for any period of time in a country that was ruled by the Nazis or their allies." The United States Holocaust Museum (USHMM) gives a broader definition: "The Museum honors as a survivor any person who was displaced, persecuted, and/or discriminated against by the racial, religious, ethnic, social, and/or political policies of the Nazis and their allies between 1933 and 1945. In addition to former inmates of concentration camps and ghettos, this includes refugees and people in hiding." Most notably, as well as Jewish people, this includes
Poles Poles,, ; singular masculine: ''Polak'', singular feminine: ''Polka'' or Polish people, are a West Slavic nation and ethnic group, who share a common history, culture, the Polish language and are identified with the country of Poland in C ...
,
Romani people The Romani (also spelled Romany or Rromani , ), colloquially known as the Roma, are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group, traditionally nomadic itinerants. They live in Europe and Anatolia, and have diaspora populations located worldwide, with sig ...
, Jehovah's Witnesses and those who were persecuted for political reasons such as
Communists Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a s ...
, those who were persecuted for religious reasons (such as Pastor Niemoller), and
homosexuals Homosexuality is romantic attraction, sexual attraction, or sexual behavior between members of the same sex or gender. As a sexual orientation, homosexuality is "an enduring pattern of emotional, romantic, and/or sexual attractions" to pe ...
and those of other sexual orientations. It includes those who were actually in hiding in Nazi-occupied countries. The latter includes Hidden Children, who were hidden to escape the Nazis. Most especially, in contrast to the ICHEIC definition, it includes refugees, who fled from their homeland to escape the Nazis, and never lived in a Nazi-controlled country. The ICHEIC definition was created for the purpose of resolving some insurance claims. Over time, the classes of insurance claims have greatly expanded. This list does not include refugees, since it is created on the basis of the restricted ICHEIC definition. Refugees include the unaccompanied children of the
Kindertransport The ''Kindertransport'' (German for "children's transport") was an organised rescue effort of children (but not their parents) from Nazi-controlled territory that took place during the nine months prior to the outbreak of the Second World ...
and the unaccompanied
One Thousand Children The One Thousand Children (OTC) is a designation, created in 2000, which is used to refer to the approximately 1,400 Jewish children who were rescued from Nazi Germany and other Nazi-occupied or threatened European countries, and who were taken di ...
.


Actors, actresses and directors


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Deceased


Artists, painters, and photographers


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Humanities


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Literature, memoirs and publishing


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Mathematics and natural sciences


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Military


Deceased


Music


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Politics, resistance


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Speakers and researchers of the Holocaust


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Deceased


Sports


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Theology, spirituality, religion


Living


Deceased


Other


Living


Deceased


See also

* 3GNY * American Gathering of Jewish Holocaust Survivors and their Descendants * List of survivors of Sobibor *
List of victims and survivors of Auschwitz This is a list of notable victims and survivors of the Auschwitz concentration camp; that is, victims and survivors about whom a significant amount of independent secondary sourcing exists. This list represents only a very small portion of the 1.1 ...
*
Holocaust denial Holocaust denial is an antisemitic conspiracy theory that falsely asserts that the Nazi genocide of Jews, known as the Holocaust, is a myth, fabrication, or exaggeration. Holocaust deniers make one or more of the following false statements: ...
* Jews escaping from Nazi Europe * List of victims of Nazism *
Selvino children The Selvino children were a group of approximately 810 Jewish children orphaned by the Holocaust,Ahron Megged; Vivien Eden, The Story of the Selvino Children', August 2001, Valentine Mitchell & Co Ltd, rescued after World War II from ghettos an ...
*
Sh'erit ha-Pletah Sh'erit ha-Pletah is a Hebrew term for Jewish Holocaust survivors living in Displaced Persons (DP) camps, and the organisations they created to act on their behalf with the Allied authorities. These were active between 27 May 1945 and 1950–51, ...
*
Heroic Children ''Heroic Children: Untold Stories of the Unconquerable'' is a 2015 non-fiction book by Hanoch Teller. The book recounts the true stories of nine individuals from Jewish communities across Europe who survived the Holocaust as children. It is the 28 ...
, a collection of true stories about child survivors


Documentaries about Holocaust survivors

* '' The Boys of Buchenwald'' * ''The Girl From Boryslaw: Australian Story with Sabina Wolanski'', the story of Sabina Wolanski who was chosen to speak on behalf of the six million dead at the opening of the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe in Berlin in May 2005 * '' The Lady in Number 6'' * '' Marion's Triumph'' * '' One Survivor Remembers'', directed by
Kary Antholis Kary Antholis (born 1962) is an American publisher and editor oCrimeStory.com former executive at the television network HBO and documentary filmmaker best known for the Oscar-winning short ''One Survivor Remembers'', which was inducted into the N ...
* ''
Pola's March ''Pola's March'' is a 1998 documentary made by Jonathan Gruber about a Holocaust survivor, Pola Susswein's emotional trip back to her childhood home in Poland after fifty years spent in Israel, trying to forget her painful past. Summary “This ...
'' * '' Shoah'', directed by
Claude Lanzmann Claude Lanzmann (; 27 November 1925 – 5 July 2018) was a French filmmaker known for the Holocaust documentary film '' Shoah'' (1985). Early life Lanzmann was born on 27 November 1925 in Paris, France, the son of Paulette () and Armand Lanzmann. ...


References


External links


Online Torchlighter Film Archive
- an archive of the short films depicting the stories of the survivors shown as each of six torches is lit during the official
Yom HaShoah Yom HaZikaron laShoah ve-laG'vurah ( he, יום הזיכרון לשואה ולגבורה, , lit=Holocaust and Heroism Remembrance Day), known colloquially in Israel and abroad as Yom HaShoah (יום השואה) and in English as Holocaust Rem ...
ceremony that takes place at
Yad Vashem Yad Vashem ( he, יָד וַשֵׁם; literally, "a memorial and a name") is Israel's official memorial to the victims of the Holocaust. It is dedicated to preserving the memory of the Jews who were murdered; honoring Jews who fought against th ...

United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
{{DEFAULTSORT:Holocaust Survivors Aftermath of the Holocaust Lists of survivors Survivors