Bible
The Bible (from Koine Greek , , 'the books') is a collection of religious texts or scriptures that are held to be sacred in Christianity
Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus ...
has been
translated
Translation is the communication of the meaning of a source-language text by means of an equivalent target-language text. The English language draws a terminological distinction (which does not exist in every language) between ''transla ...
biblical languages
Biblical languages are any of the languages employed in the original writings of the Bible. Partially owing to the significance of the Bible in society, Biblical languages are studied more widely than many other dead languages. Furthermore, so ...
of
Aramaic
The Aramaic languages, short Aramaic ( syc, ܐܪܡܝܐ, Arāmāyā; oar, 𐤀𐤓𐤌𐤉𐤀; arc, 𐡀𐡓𐡌𐡉𐡀; tmr, אֲרָמִית), are a language family containing many varieties (languages and dialects) that originated i ...
,
Greek
Greek may refer to:
Greece
Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe:
*Greeks, an ethnic group.
*Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family.
**Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...
, and
Hebrew
Hebrew (; ; ) is a Northwest Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family. Historically, it is one of the spoken languages of the Israelites and their longest-surviving descendants, the Jews and Samaritans. It was largely preserved ...
. The Latin
Vulgate
The Vulgate (; also called (Bible in common tongue), ) is a late-4th-century Latin translation of the Bible.
The Vulgate is largely the work of Jerome who, in 382, had been commissioned by Pope Damasus I to revise the Gospels u ...
translation was dominant in
Western Christianity
Western Christianity is one of two sub-divisions of Christianity ( Eastern Christianity being the other). Western Christianity is composed of the Latin Church and Western Protestantism, together with their offshoots such as the Old Catholi ...
through the Middle Ages. Since then, the Bible has been translated into many more languages. English Bible translations also have a rich and varied history of more than a millennium.
Included when possible are dates and the source language(s) and, for incomplete translations, what portion of the text has been translated. Certain terms that occur in many entries are linked at the bottom of the page.
Because various biblical canons are not identical, the "incomplete translations" section includes only translations seen by their translators as incomplete, such as Christian translations of the New Testament alone. Translations comprising only part of certain canons are considered "complete" if they comprise the translators' complete canon, e.g. Jewish versions of the
Tanakh
The Hebrew Bible or Tanakh (;"Tanach" '' J. W. Etheridge (1846)
* John Wesley Etheridge's translation of the entire New Testament appears in ''The Etheridge New Testament'' (2013) compiled by Bruce A. Klein (has Etheridge's bracketed comments), and also in ''Etheridge Translation of the Aramaic Peshitta New Testament'' (2016) compiled by Ewan MacLeod
* ''Murdock Translation of the Aramaic Peshitta New Testament'' (2015) compiled by Ewan MacLeod
* ''The Syriac New Testament'', based on the western text, James Murdock (1851)Aramaic Peshitta New Testament Translation – Page 8 =0967961351 Janet M. Magiera – 2006 – "One was by James Murdock and the other by J. W. Etheridge. Murdock based his work on the western text and Etheridge on the eastern text. Both of them are still very useful in studying the Peshitta. In the 1930s, Dr. George Lamsa, a native speaker of Aramaic, completed a translation of the eastern manuscripts of the Peshitta and began to travel extensively in the United States, teaching about the value of studying Aramaic. From that time until the present, there has been a renewed ..."
* ''
The New Testament According to the Eastern Text
''The Holy Bible from Ancient Eastern Manuscripts'' (commonly called the ''Lamsa Bible'') was published by George M. Lamsa in 1933. It was derived, both Old and New Testaments, from the Syriac Peshitta, the Bible used by the Assyrian Church of t ...
''. Translated from Original Aramaic Sources. Philadelphia: A.J. Holman, 1940, based on the eastern text, George Lamsa
* ''The Peshitta Holy Bible Translated'' (2019) by David Bauscher
''The Original Aramaic New Testament in Plain English with Psalms & Proverbs (8th edition with notes)'' (2013) by David Bauscher
* ''Aramaic Peshitta New Testament Translation'' by Janet M. Magiera
* ''The Messianic Aleph Tav Interlinear Scriptures: Volume Four Gospels'' (2016) and ''Messianic Aleph Tav Interlinear Scriptures: Volume Five Acts-Revelation'' by William H. Sanford (interlinear Aramaic + Etheridge translation; interlinear Greek + English translation)
* ''The Aramaic Gospels and Acts: Text and Translation'' (2003) by Joseph Pashka
* ''A Translation, in English Daily Used, of the Peshito-Syriac Text, and of the Received Greek Text, of Hebrews, James, 1 Peter, and 1 John'' (1889) and ''A Translation, In English Daily Used, of the Seventeen Letters Forming Part of the Peshito-Syriac Books'' (1890) by William Norton
* ''The Testimony of Yeshua'' (2013) by Lonnie Martin is a reworked Etheridge and Murdock rendition of the New Testament
* ''The Message of Matthew: An Annotated Parallel Aramaic-English Gospel of Matthew'' (1991) by Rocco A. Errico
* ''Crawford Codex of Revelation: Aramaic Interlinear with English Translation'' (2016) by Greg Glaser
* Gorgias Press's ''The Antioch Bible'' series contains the Peshitta New Testament with English translation, plus many Peshitta Old Testament books
* ''Lapid Jewish Aramaic New Testament'' by Christopher Fredrickson and Lapid Publications is a translation from the Khabouris Codex, Yonan Codex and Houghton 1199 Codex. It also includes 560 transliterations and definitions of key Aramaic words and phrases within the text. (2010)
This list does not include adaptations of such as the ''Hebraic Roots Version'' by James Trimm (2001) which are adaptations from the JPS New Testament (translated directly from Greek into Hebrew), not the Peshitta.
See also
*
Jane Aitken
Jane Aitken (July 11, 1764 – August 29, 1832) was an early American printer, publisher, bookbinder, and bookseller. She was born in Scotland and her family immigrated to America with several Scottish families in 1771. She ran a print shop a ...
, first woman in the United States to print an English version of the Bible
* Bible glosses
*
Byzantine text-type
In the textual criticism of the New Testament, the Byzantine text-type (also called Majority Text, Traditional Text, Ecclesiastical Text, Constantinopolitan Text, Antiocheian Text, or Syrian Text) is one of the main text types. It is the form fo ...
*
Catholic Bibles
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...
*
English translations of the Bible
Partial Bible translations into languages of the English people can be traced back to the late 7th century, including translations into Old and Middle English. More than 100 complete translations into English have been written.
In the United St ...
*
Gospel
Gospel originally meant the Christian message (" the gospel"), but in the 2nd century it came to be used also for the books in which the message was set out. In this sense a gospel can be defined as a loose-knit, episodic narrative of the words a ...
*
Middle English Bible translations
Middle English Bible translations (1066-1500) covers the age of Middle English, beginning with the Norman conquest and ending about 1500. Aside from Wycliffe's Bible, this was not a fertile time for Bible translation. English literature was limit ...
*
Miscellaneous English Bible translations
Modern English Bible translations consists of translations developed and published throughout the late modern period () to present-day (). A multitude of recent attempts have been made to translate the Bible into English. Most modern translation ...
*
Modern English Bible translations
Modern English Bible translations consists of translations developed and published throughout the late modern period () to present-day (). A multitude of recent attempts have been made to translate the Bible into English. Most modern translations ...
Pentateuch
The Torah (; hbo, ''Tōrā'', "Instruction", "Teaching" or "Law") is the compilation of the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, namely the books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy. In that sense, Torah means the ...
*
Peshitta
The Peshitta ( syc, ܦܫܺܝܛܬܳܐ ''or'' ') is the standard version of the Bible for churches in the Syriac tradition, including the Maronite Church, the Chaldean Catholic Church, the Syriac Catholic Church, the Syriac Orthodox Church, ...
*
Psalms
The Book of Psalms ( or ; he, תְּהִלִּים, , lit. "praises"), also known as the Psalms, or the Psalter, is the first book of the ("Writings"), the third section of the Tanakh, and a book of the Old Testament. The title is derived ...
*
Psalter
A psalter is a volume containing the Book of Psalms, often with other devotional material bound in as well, such as a liturgical calendar and litany of the Saints. Until the emergence of the book of hours in the Late Middle Ages, psalters w ...
*
Septuagint
The Greek Old Testament, or Septuagint (, ; from the la, septuaginta, lit=seventy; often abbreviated ''70''; in Roman numerals, LXX), is the earliest extant Greek translation of books from the Hebrew Bible. It includes several books beyond t ...
*
Textus Receptus
''Textus Receptus'' (Latin: "received text") refers to all printed editions of the Greek New Testament from Erasmus's ''Novum Instrumentum omne'' (1516) to the 1633 Elzevir edition. It was the most commonly used text type for Protestant deno ...
*
Trilingual heresy
In Slavic Christianity, the trilingual heresy or Pilatian heresy (less pejoratively trilingualism) is the idea that Biblical Hebrew, Greek, and Latin are the only valid liturgical languages or languages in which one may praise God. Trilingualism w ...
*
Vulgate
The Vulgate (; also called (Bible in common tongue), ) is a late-4th-century Latin translation of the Bible.
The Vulgate is largely the work of Jerome who, in 382, had been commissioned by Pope Damasus I to revise the Gospels u ...
References
* Catalogue of English Bible Translations; A Classified Bibliography of Versions and Editions Including Books, Parts, and Old and New Testament Apocrypha and Apocryphal Books. William J. Chamberlin. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1991.
Further reading
* Wills, Garry, "A Wild and Indecent Book" (review of
David Bentley Hart
David Bentley Hart (born 1965) is a writer, philosopher, religious studies scholar, critic, and theologian with academic works published on a wide range of topics including Christian metaphysics, philosophy of mind, classics, Asian languages, and ...
, ''The New Testament: A Translation'',
Yale University Press
Yale University Press is the university press of Yale University. It was founded in 1908 by George Parmly Day, and became an official department of Yale University in 1961, but it remains financially and operationally autonomous.
, Yale Univers ...
, 577 pp.), ''
The New York Review of Books
''The New York Review of Books'' (or ''NYREV'' or ''NYRB'') is a semi-monthly magazine with articles on literature, culture, economics, science and current affairs. Published in New York City, it is inspired by the idea that the discussion of i ...
'', vol. LXV, no. 2 (8 February 2018), pp. 34–35. Discusses some pitfalls in interpreting and translating the
New Testament
The New Testament grc, Ἡ Καινὴ Διαθήκη, transl. ; la, Novum Testamentum. (NT) is the second division of the Christian biblical canon. It discusses the teachings and person of Jesus, as well as events in first-century Chris ...
Foreword
A foreword is a (usually short) piece of writing, sometimes placed at the beginning of a book or other piece of literature. Typically written by someone other than the primary author of the work, it often tells of some interaction between the ...
Steven DeRose
Stephen or Steven is a common English first name. It is particularly significant to Christians, as it belonged to Saint Stephen ( grc-gre, Στέφανος ), an early disciple and deacon who, according to the Book of Acts, was stoned to death; ...
, with detailed information and links to online sources
Dukhrana.com — site contains the transcription of the
Khaboris Codex
Khaburis Codex (alternate spelling Khaboris, Khabouris) is a 10th-century Classical Syriac manuscript which contain the complete Peshitta New Testament.
Colophon
There have been claims that the earlier document's colophon identifies it as being ...
plus Etheridge, Murdock, Lamsa, Younan's interlinear translation of Matthew – Acts 16, translations into Dutch and Afrikaans, and an interlinear study tool.
Lamsa – OT an — Lamsa's translation of the Peshitta's Old Testament and New Testament
aramaicdb.lightofword.org — site contains Magiera and Murdock, and an interlinear study tool
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bible English
English
English usually refers to:
* English language
* English people
English may also refer to:
Peoples, culture, and language
* ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England
** English national ...