Lipová-lázně (until 1960 Dolní Lipová; german: Bad Lindewiese) is a spa municipality and village in

Jeseník District Jeseník District ( cs, okres Jeseník) is a district ('' okres'') in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. Its seat is the town of Jeseník. With approximately 38,000 inhabitants it is the least populated district of the Czech Republic. The a ...

in the

Olomouc Region Olomouc Region ( cs, Olomoucký kraj; , ; pl, Kraj ołomuniecki) is an administrative unit ( cs, kraj) of the Czech Republic, located in the north-western and central part of its historical region of Moravia (''Morava'') and in a small part of t ...

of the

Czech Republic The Czech Republic, or simply Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Historically known as Bohemia, it is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the southeast. The ...

. It has about 2,100 inhabitants.

Administrative parts

The village of Horní Lipová and the hamlet of Bobrovník are administrative parts of Lipová-lázně.

Geography

Lipová-lázně is located about west of

Jeseník Jeseník (; until 1947 Frývaldov (); german: Freiwaldau, pl, Frywałdów) is a spa town in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 11,000 inhabitants. Administrative parts Villages of Bukovice and Dětřichov are administrative ...

and north of

Olomouc Olomouc (, , ; german: Olmütz; pl, Ołomuniec ; la, Olomucium or ''Iuliomontium'') is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 99,000 inhabitants, and its larger urban zone has a population of about 384,000 inhabitants (2019). Located on t ...

. The northern part of the municipality lies in the Golden Mountains, the southern part lies in the

Hrubý Jeseník Hrubý Jeseník (, , ) is a mountain range of Eastern Sudetes in northern Moravia and Czech Silesia. It is the second highest mountain range in the Czech Republic. Its best known natural sights include: *Praděd, its highest mountain *A powerf ...

mountains. The highest point is the peak of Šerák at above sea level, located on the southern municipal border. The built-up area is situated in the valley of the Staříč stream.

History

The first written mention of Dolní Lipová under its Latin name ''Lynda'' is in a copy of a document, which describes the situation in 1290. At that time it became part of the newly formed Duchy of Nysa within fragmented

Piast The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 930–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of king Casimir III the Great. Branche ...

-ruled Poland. The next records are from the years 1372 and 1420. After that, the village was probably partially or completely abandoned and was not resettled until the mid-16th century. The village was relatively unaffected by the

Thirty Years' War The Thirty Years' War was one of the longest and most destructive conflicts in European history, lasting from 1618 to 1648. Fought primarily in Central Europe, an estimated 4.5 to 8 million soldiers and civilians died as a result of battle ...

, but several local women died during the infamous

Northern Moravia witch trials Northern Moravia witch trials, also known as '' Boblig witch trials'' was a series of witch trials which occurred in the Jeseník and Šumperk area in the present-day Czech Republic, between 1622 and 1696. They are among the largest and most well k ...

between 1622 and 1684. The first written mention of Horní Lipová is from 1689. In 1888, the railway was opened. On 25 November 1931, an event known as the "Freiwaldau Strike" took place in Lipová-lázně. The local

Communist party A communist party is a political party that seeks to realize the socio-economic goals of communism. The term ''communist party'' was popularized by the title of ''The Manifesto of the Communist Party'' (1848) by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. ...

organised a hunger march of around 1,000 unemployed stoneworkers to

. The police chief at Vápenná instructed his men to prevent the demonstration from reaching the town. The police forced the marchers to take an alternative route through the forest. The police soon caught up with them at Lipová-lázně, and a clash ensued during which the marchers threw sticks, stones and other objects at the gendarmes. After two stones hit the commander of the unit on the forehead, the gendarmes started shooting at the crowd. As a result, eight people were killed and ten people were seriously injured and taken to the hospital. A memorial was erected in 1951 to commemorate this event. From 1938 to 1945 it was a part of

Reichsgau Sudetenland The Reichsgau Sudetenland was an administrative division of Nazi Germany from 1939 to 1945. It comprised the northern part of the '' Sudetenland'' territory, which was annexed from Czechoslovakia according to the 30 September 1938 Munich Agreement. ...

under Nazi Germany. During the

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...

, the German occupiers operated the E797 forced labour subcamp of the Stalag VIII-B/344

prisoner-of-war camp A prisoner-of-war camp (often abbreviated as POW camp) is a site for the containment of enemy fighters captured by a belligerent power in time of war. There are significant differences among POW camps, internment camps, and military prisons. ...

in Lipová-lázně, and E333 and E380 subcamps in Horní Lipová.

Demographics

Economy

The municipality is known for its spa, established in 1837 by Johann Schroth.

Sights

The main landmark is the Church of Saint Wenceslaus. It was built in 1788, on the site of an older small chapel from the 17th century.

Notable people

* Johann Schroth (1798–1856), Austrian naturopath; worked and died here

Twin towns – sister cities

Lipová-lázně is twinned with: * Krapkowice, Poland

References

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Lipova Lazne Villages in Jeseník District Spa towns in the Czech Republic Czech Silesia