Linderniaceae is a

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants t ...

s in the order

Lamiales The order Lamiales (also known as the mint order) are an order in the asterid group of dicotyledonous flowering plants. It includes about 23,810 species, 1,059 genera, and is divided into about 25 families. These families include Acanthaceae, Big ...

, which consists of about 25

genera Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclat ...

and 265 species occurring worldwide. '' Vandellia micrantha'' is eaten in Laos, but tastes bitter. Best known are the wishbone flowers ''

Torenia fournieri ''Torenia fournieri'', the bluewings or wishbone flower, is an annual plant in the Linderniaceae Linderniaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Lamiales, which consists of about 25 genera and 265 species occurring worldwide. '' Van ...

'' and ''

Torenia thouarsii ''Torenia'' is a genus of plants now classified in the family Linderniaceae. Torenia has also been classified in the figwort family Scrophulariaceae The Scrophulariaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the figwort family. ...

'', which are used as bedding plants especially in the tropics. ''

Micranthemum ''Micranthemum'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Linderniaceae Linderniaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Lamiales, which consists of about 25 genera and 265 species occurring worldwide. '' Vandellia micr ...

'' is sold as an aquarium plant when it is called 'baby tears'. In other classifications it used to be included within family

Scrophulariaceae The Scrophulariaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the figwort family. The plants are annual and perennial herbs, as well as shrubs. Flowers have bilateral (zygomorphic) or rarely radial (actinomorphic) symmetry. The Scr ...

''sensu lato'' or more recently in Plantaginaceae ''sensu lato'', but several authors have demonstrated that this taxon should be segregated Oxelman B., Kornhall, P., Olmstead, R. G. & Bremer, B. (2005). "Further disintegration of Scrophulariaceae". ''Taxon'' 54(2):411–425. from those families, as Linderniaceae, and it has been recognized by LAPG II and

APG III APG is an abbreviation with several different meanings: * Aberdeen Proving Ground, a United States Army installation in Aberdeen, Maryland, also ** Phillips Army Airfield, the airfield of the above, from its IATA airport code * Aboriginal Provisiona ...

. Recently a phylogeny has been published and two new Brazilian genera ''

Catimbaua ''Catimbaua'' is a genus of shrubs in the family Linderniaceae. It contains a single species, ''Catimbaua pendula''. It has pendant branches, greyish leaves and red flowers. The species occurs on steep cliffs in the Catimbau National Park in Per ...

'' and ''

Isabelcristinia ''Isabelcristinia'' is a genus of shrubs in the family Linderniaceae containing a single species, ''Isabelcristinia aromatica''. It grows on rocky outcrops called inselbergs in north-eastern Brazil in the state of Pernambuco Pernambuco () i ...

'' were recently added to the family. Studies on the family limits of Linderniaceae are pending.

List of genera

Compiled from sources GRIN: GRIN and the World Checklist of Vascular Plants: WCVP * '' Ameroglossum'' Eb.Fisch., S.Vogel & A.V.Lopes * ''

Artanema The genus ''Artanema'' is a small group of flowering plant species in the Linderniaceae Linderniaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Lamiales, which consists of about 25 genera and 265 species occurring worldwide. '' Vandellia ...

'' D.Don * ''

Bampsia ''Bampsia'' is a genus of flowering plant belonging to the family Linderniaceae Linderniaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Lamiales, which consists of about 25 genera and 265 species occurring worldwide. '' Vandellia micrantha ...

'' Lisowski & Mielcarek * '' Bonnaya'' Link & Otto * '' Bythophyton''

Hook.f. Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker (30 June 1817 – 10 December 1911) was a British botanist and explorer in the 19th century. He was a founder of geographical botany and Charles Darwin's closest friend. For twenty years he served as director of t ...

* ''

'' L.P.Felix, Christenh. & E.M.Almeida * '' Chamaegigas'' Dinter ex Heil * ''

Craterostigma ''Craterostigma'' is a genus of shrub-like flowering plants in the family Linderniaceae Linderniaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Lamiales, which consists of about 25 genera and 265 species occurring worldwide. '' Vandellia m ...

'' Hochst. - sometimes considered as part of ''Lindernia'' * ''

Crepidorhopalon ''Crepidorhopalon'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Linderniaceae Linderniaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Lamiales, which consists of about 25 genera and 265 species occurring worldwide. '' Vandellia ...

'' Eb.Fisch. * ''

Cubitanthus ''Cubitanthus'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Linderniaceae, with one species ''Cubitanthus alatus''. It was previously placed in the Gesneriaceae, and , still is by some sources. Its native range is Northeas ...

'' Barringer * '' Dintera'' Stapf * '' Encopella'' Pennell * '' Hartliella'' Eb.Fisch. * '' Hemiarrhena''

Benth. George Bentham (22 September 1800 – 10 September 1884) was an English botanist, described by the weed botanist Duane Isely as "the premier systematic botanist of the nineteenth century". Born into a distinguished family, he initially studie ...

* ''

'' L.P.Felix, Christenh. & E.M.Almeida * '' Legazpia'' Blanco (sometimes included in ''Torenia'') * '' Lindernia'' All. * '' Linderniella'' Eb.Fisch., Schäferh. & Kai Müll. * ''

'' Michx. * '' Microcarpaea'' R.Br. * '' Picria'' Lour. * '' Pierranthus'' Bonati * '' Schizotorenia'' T.Yamaz. * '' Scolophyllum'' T.Yamaz. * '' Stemodiopsis'' Engl. * '' Torenia'' L. * ''Vandellia'' L.

References

Lamiales families {{Lamiales-stub