Lincoln Clark Andrews (1867–1950) was a

brigadier general Brigadier general or Brigade general is a military rank used in many countries. It is the lowest ranking general officer in some countries. The rank is usually above a colonel, and below a major general or divisional general. When appointed ...

in the United States Army during

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...

and

Assistant Secretary of the Treasury A United States Assistant Secretary of the Treasury is one of several positions in the United States Department of the Treasury, serving under the United States Secretary of the Treasury. History According to U.S. statute, there are eight Assista ...

starting in 1925. As Assistant Secretary of the Treasury, he was in charge of

Prohibition Prohibition is the act or practice of forbidding something by law; more particularly the term refers to the banning of the manufacture, storage (whether in barrels or in bottles), transportation, sale, possession, and consumption of alcohol ...

enforcement. ''

Time Time is the continued sequence of existence and events that occurs in an apparently irreversible succession from the past, through the present, into the future. It is a component quantity of various measurements used to sequence events, ...

'' magazine called his forces the Prohibition Army.

Early life

He was born on November 21, 1867, in

Owatonna, Minnesota Owatonna () is a city in Steele County, Minnesota, Steele County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 25,599 at the 2010 United States Census, 2010 census. It is the county seat of Steele County. Owatonna is home to the Steele County Fair ...

, to Charles T. Andrews and Mary Clark Andrews.Davis, Henry Blaine. ''Generals in Khaki''. Raleigh, NC: Pentland Press, 1998. He attended

Cornell University Cornell University is a private statutory land-grant research university based in Ithaca, New York. It is a member of the Ivy League. Founded in 1865 by Ezra Cornell and Andrew Dickson White, Cornell was founded with the intention to tea ...

from 1888 to 1889.

Military career

He attended the

United States Military Academy The United States Military Academy (USMA), also known metonymically as West Point or simply as Army, is a United States service academy in West Point, New York. It was originally established as a fort, since it sits on strategic high groun ...

, graduating number thirteen of fifty-one in 1893. As a 2nd lieutenant, he commanded Troop G of the 3rd Cavalry, with which he served during the

Pullman Strike The Pullman Strike was two interrelated strikes in 1894 that shaped national labor policy in the United States during a period of deep economic depression. First came a strike by the American Railway Union (ARU) against the Pullman factory in Chi ...

riots in Chicago in 1894. During the

Spanish–American War , partof = the Philippine Revolution, the decolonization of the Americas, and the Cuban War of Independence , image = Collage infobox for Spanish-American War.jpg , image_size = 300px , caption = (cloc ...

, he served as an aide to Gen.

Edwin Vose Sumner Edwin Vose Sumner (January 30, 1797March 21, 1863) was a career United States Army officer who became a Union Army general and the oldest field commander of any Army Corps on either side during the American Civil War. His nicknames "Bull" or "Bul ...

, the Commanding General of the cavalry division. After brief service as an instructor of physics at the United States Military Academy, he served in the Philippines as governor of the island of

Leyte Leyte ( ) is an island in the Visayas group of islands in the Philippines. It is eighth-largest and sixth-most populous island in the Philippines, with a total population of 2,626,970 as of 2020 census. Since the accessibility of land has be ...

from 1899 to 1903 and participated in the campaign against the Moros. He returned to the Academy in 1903 to teach cavalry tactics, and from 1911 to 1915, he taught cavalry tactics for the New York National Guard and also at the training camp near Plattsburgh, New York. After returning to the Philippines in 1916 and 1917 to train the Philippine National Guard Division, he was promoted to lieutenant colonel on June 28, 1917, shortly after the

American entry into World War I American(s) may refer to: * American, something of, from, or related to the United States of America, commonly known as the "United States" or "America" ** Americans, citizens and nationals of the United States of America ** American ancestry, p ...

. After his promotion to brigadier general, Andrews commanded the 172nd Infantry Brigade, 86th Division at Camp Grant, Illinois. He took this brigade to France in August 1918. Following the armistice, he served as deputy provost marshal general at general headquarters until it was disbanded. He retired at his own request after 30 years of service on September 30, 1919. His rank of brigadier general was restored by act on Congress in June 1930.

His publications

*''Basic Course for Cavalry'', 1914 *''Fundamentals of Military Service'', 1916 *''Leadership and Military Training'', 1918 *''Man Power'', 1921 *''Military Man Power'', 1921

Awards

Distinguished Service Medal Distinguished Service Medal (DSM) is a high award of a nation. Examples include: *Distinguished Service Medal (Australia) (established 1991), awarded to personnel of the Australian Defence Force for distinguished leadership in action * Distinguishe ...

Silver Citation Star The Citation Star was a Department of War personal valor decoration issued as a ribbon device which was first established by the United States Congress on July 9, 1918 (Bulletin No. 43, War Dept. 1918). When awarded, a silver star was placed on ...

Legion of Honour The National Order of the Legion of Honour (french: Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur), formerly the Royal Order of the Legion of Honour ('), is the highest French order of merit, both military and civil. Established in 1802 by Napoleon ...

* Order of the Crown of Italy

Civilian career

Andrews held the office Assistant Secretary of the Treasury, beginning in March 1925, after

Roy Asa Haynes Roy Asa Haynes (1881–1940) was United States Assistant Secretary of the Treasury in charge of Prohibition enforcement from 1920–1925. He was succeeded by political appointee Lincoln Clark Andrews, who reorganized the enforcement bureau. He ...

. He reorganized the bureau in 1925, resulting in the layoffs of numerous agents, including

Izzy Einstein and Moe Smith Isidor "Izzy" Einstein (1880–1938) and Moe W. Smith (1887–1960) were United States federal police officers, agents of the U.S. Prohibition Unit, who achieved the most arrests and convictions during the first years of the alcohol prohibition ...

in New York, who were nationally the most successful and famous team. Andrews saw Prohibition enforcement as a technical challenge and was not an ideological adherent to the dry movement. Andrews served until August 1, 1927. From November 1, 1927 to June 1928, he was the president of Guardian Investment Trust in Hartford, Connecticut. In June 1928, he became president of the Rubber Institute.

Personal life

He married Charlotte Graves on October 5, 1899. They had one son: John G. Andrews. He lived in

Grand Isle, Vermont Grand Isle is a town on Grand Isle in Grand Isle County, Vermont, United States. The population was 2,086 at the 2020 census. A landing for the Lake Champlain Transportation Company's ferry to Plattsburgh, New York, at Cumberland Head is loc ...

Death and legacy

He died on November 23, 1950 in Northampton, Massachusetts. He is buried at Logan Cemetery in

Hector, New York Hector is a town in the northeastern corner of Schuyler County, New York, United States. The population was 4,916 at the 2020 census. The town is named after Hector Ely, who at the time was the firstborn son of the town founders. Hector is west of ...

References

Bibliography

*Davis, Henry Blaine. ''Generals in Khaki''. Raleigh, NC: Pentland Press, 1998. * {{DEFAULTSORT:Andrews, Lincoln Clark United States Assistant Secretaries of the Treasury 1867 births 1950 deaths United States Military Academy alumni United States Military Academy faculty United States Army generals of World War I United States Army generals Cornell University alumni Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army) Recipients of the Silver Star Recipients of the Legion of Honour American military personnel of the Spanish–American War People from Owatonna, Minnesota Military personnel from Minnesota