''Liliom'' is a 1934 French fantasy film directed by

Fritz Lang Friedrich Christian Anton Lang (; December 5, 1890 – August 2, 1976), known as Fritz Lang, was an Austrian film director, screenwriter, and producer who worked in Germany and later the United States.Obituary ''Variety'', August 4, 1976, p. 6 ...

based on the 1909 Hungarian stage play of the same title by

Ferenc Molnár Ferenc Molnár ( , ; born Ferenc Neumann; 12 January 18781 April 1952), often anglicized as Franz Molnar, was a Hungarian-born author, stage-director, dramatist, and poet, widely regarded as Hungary’s most celebrated and controversial play ...

. The film stars

Charles Boyer Charles Boyer (; 28 August 1899 – 26 August 1978) was a French-American actor who appeared in more than 80 films between 1920 and 1976. After receiving an education in drama, Boyer started on the stage, but he found his success in American fi ...

as Liliom, a carousel barker who is fired from his job after defending the chambermaid Julie (

Madeleine Ozeray Madeleine Ozeray (13 September 1908 in Bouillon – 28 March 1989 ), was a French stage and film actress. She appeared in many films between 1932 and 1980. She is the godmother of theater actor, dancer and singer Frédéric Norbert. Biogra ...

) from the jealousy of Mme. Muscat, the carousel owner who is infatuated with Liliom. He moves in with Julie and they begin an affair. When Liliom discovers he's about to become a father, he finds he needs money and participates in a robbery which goes awry. Rather than allow himself to be arrested, Liliom kills himself and his soul is transported to a waiting room of Heaven. A heavenly commissioner determines that Liliom will not be admitted into Heaven, only Purgatory, until he returns to Earth to do one good deed. ''Liliom'' was one of the two first French productions by producer Erich Pommer for Fox-Europa and director

's only French film. On the film's release it was protested by the French Catholic clergy and was generally not well received by French film critics or playwright Ferenc Molnár. Despite the reception, the 1934 ''Liliom'' was one of Lang's favorites out of all his films.

Plot

Liliom Zadowski is a barker at Madame Muscat's carousel. A rival barker named Hollinger tries to get Liliom in trouble by telling the jealous Mme. Muscat, who is having an affair with Liliom, that Liliom flirts with his customers behind her back. When Mme. Muscat insults Liliom's female customers Julie and Marie, Liliom comes to their defense, which leads to Mme. Muscat firing Liliom. Liliom makes a date with Julie and Marie and leaves the carousel. When he meets the girls later, Liliom tells them that he intends to only take one of them out, which leads to Liliom going only with Julie. Julie is infatuated with Liliom and they move in together in a run-down trailer. Julie works in a photo studio while Liliom loafs, drinks and gets into violent arguments with Julie. Mme. Muscat later tries to bring Liliom back to the carousel by offering him a substantial raise. Liliom considers it but denies the offer finding that Julie is expecting a child. Liliom's criminal friend Alfred suggests that the two rob the local payroll clerk, and insists that Liliom bring a knife, as Alfred will also do. Desperate to find money for the child, Liliom agrees. The robbery attempt is foiled and Liliom finds himself cornered by the police. Rather than be arrested, Liliom stabs himself with the kitchen knife he brought with him to commit the robbery. An unconscious Liliom is brought home on a stretcher. Near death, he repents and tells Julie that he must face the judgment of God. He then dies. Liliom's soul rises from his body when he is visited by two uniformed agents who identify themselves as God's Police. They take Liliom to Heaven where he is taken to an area for suicides. There, Liliom is questioned by an officious commissioner who looks exactly like a police commissioner that Lilom reported to once while alive. When Liliom refuses to explain to the clerk why he beat Julie, he is first shown a

silent film A silent film is a film with no synchronized Sound recording and reproduction, recorded sound (or more generally, no audible dialogue). Though silent films convey narrative and emotion visually, various plot elements (such as a setting or era) ...

of one of his arguments with her, then again with a soundtrack of his thoughts. He realizes that he beat Julie because he hated himself so much for his cruelty and selfishness. The Commissioner sentences Liliom to sixteen years in Purgatory, so that he will be cleansed of his pride and violence. Afterwards, he will be allowed one day back on Earth to visit his child, and his behavior on that day will determine where he shall spend eternity. Sixteen years pass and Liliom is allowed to visit his daughter, who is named Louise in the play, but whose name is not mentioned in this film version. One of the angels reminds Liliom to bring his daughter something beautiful, and Liliom surreptitiously steals a star on his way down to Earth. Liliom approaches Louise and tells her that he knew her father many years ago, and that he was a violent brute. This disgusts Louise, who throws Liliom's gift of a star into the gutter. Liliom follows the sobbing Louise home, where she demands to be alone. Liliom slaps her hand out of frustration before disappearing. As Liliom returns to Heaven, the angels watch as the scales of justice tip toward the devil's side, and the devil begins to inscribe Liliom's name on his tablet. In Heaven, the commissioner is furious at Liliom for breaking the heart of a child, and Liliom responds that one can only love him as he is. Just then the angel-typist excitedly points to a scene happening down on Earth. Louise is then seen telling her mother that Liliom's slap felt like a kiss, and asks if it is possible to receive a slap that does not hurt at all. Julie says yes and the two embrace with tears in their eyes. It is Liliom's love for his daughter which has miraculously made the slap feel exactly like a kiss. The scales of justice tip toward the heavenly side and Liliom's name is slowly removed from the devil's tablet.

Cast

as Julie/Her Daughter with Liliom *

as Liliom *

Pierre Alcover Pierre Alcover (14 March 1893 – 14 November 1957) was a French stage and film actor. He starred in 40 films between 1918 and 1943. In 1920 he starred in the film ''Champi-Tortu''. One of his most notable performances was in Marcel L'Herbier' ...

as Alfred * Roland Toutain as Sailor *

Robert Arnoux Robert Raymond Arnoux (23 October 1899, in Lille – 13 March 1964, in Paris) was a French actor. Selected filmography * ''Hantise'' (1922) * '' Napoléon'' (1927) - Un conventionnel (uncredited) * ''Rive gauche'' (1931) - Alfred * ''Le congr� ...

as Strong Arm *

Alexandre Rignault Alexandre Rignault (14 February 1901 – 2 April 1985) was a French actor. He appeared in more than a hundred films between 1931 and 1985. Selected filmography External links * {{DEFAULTSORT:Rignault, Alexandre 1901 births 1985 deaths ...

as Hollinger * Raoul Marco as Detective * Antonin Artaud as Knife Grinder * Maximilienne as Madame Menoux *

Florelle Florelle (born Odette Élisa Joséphine Marguerite Rousseau, 9 August 1898 – 28 September 1974) was a French soprano singer and actress. She gained fame as Polly Peachum in the French film ''The Threepenny Opera'', after which she had numerou ...

as Madame Moscat

Production

After being fired by

Universum Film AG UFA GmbH, shortened to UFA (), is a film and television production company that unites all production activities of the media conglomerate Bertelsmann in Germany. Its name derives from Universum-Film Aktiengesellschaft (normally abbreviated as ...

(UFA), producer Erich Pommer moved to France in April 1933 where he founded the Fox-Europa film studio based at the

Joinville Studios The Joinville Studios were a film studio in Paris which operated between 1910 and 1987. They were one of the leading French studios, with major companies such as Pathé and Gaumont making films there. A second studio was added to the original ...

in Paris. Pommer's studio began work on their first two films: the detective film ''On a volé un Homme'' and an adaptation of

's ''

Liliom ''Liliom'' is a 1909 play by the Hungarian playwright Ferenc Molnár. It was well known in its own right during the early to mid-20th century, but is best known today as the basis for the Rodgers and Hammerstein 1945 musical ''Carousel''. P ...

''.McGilligan, 1997. p. 194 Pommer had two directors to work with:

Max Ophüls Maximillian Oppenheimer (; 6 May 1902 – 26 March 1957), known as Max Ophüls (; ), was a German-French film director who worked in Germany (1931–1933), France (1933–1940 and 1950–1957), and the United States (1947–1950). He made near ...

and

. Pommer gave the ''Liliom'' story to Lang, which Ophüls later felt was a mistake, stating that "Lang would have certainly made a remarkable detective film, and as for me, I probably would have probably succeeded in making a good romantic comedy".McGilligan, 1997. p. 195 The screenplay for ''Liliom'' was written by

Robert Liebmann Robert Liebmann (5 June 1890 - July 1945) was a German screenwriter. Selected filmography * '' The Uncanny House'' (1916) * '' Prostitution'' (1919) * '' The Duty to Live'' (1919) * '' Die Arche'' (1919) * '' The Count of Cagliostro'' (1920) * ' ...

. Liebmann was fired from

, his former studio in Germany after they purged the company of all Jewish staff. Liebmann fled to France where he was worked on adapting on the screenplay for ''Liliom''.McGilligan, 1997. p. 193 Production on ''Liliom'' began in late 1933. Lang was not completely fluent in French, and was assisted by Gilbert Mandelik in learning French filmmaking translations to help the production on the film. The French cast included

, who worked with Pommer on several French-language versions of German films.

, who was part of Boyer's stage company, played Julie. The technical crew of ''Liliom'' included cinematographer

Rudolph Maté Rudolph Maté (born Rudolf Mayer; 21 January 1898 – 27 October 1964) was a Polish-Hungarian-American cinematographer, film director and film producer who worked as cameraman and cinematographer in Hungary, Austria, Germany, France and the Unite ...

who worked with Pommer as a second-unit photographer in Berlin. During production, Lang zealously took to the project, annotating the screenplay with his own notes and ignoring advice from others. Screenwriter Bernard Zimmer suggested scenes that did get filmed, but were later cut during post-production by Lang.McGilligan, 1997. p. 196McGilligan, 1997. p. 197 After production ended in early 1934, Lang spent 48 hours without sleep to finish editing ''Liliom'' before the film was to be shown to the producers.McGilligan, 1997. p. 199

Release

''Liliom'' premiered in France on April 27, 1934.Phillips, 2004. p. 215 The French Catholic clergy protested ''Liliom'' on its initial release due to Lang's conception of heaven to be too contrary to the perception of the church. The original playwright,

, denounced the film because he did not receive screen credit on the poster. ''Liliom'' was not a commercial success and did not receive a wide release in the United States. It was shown in New York in 1935.

Reception

''Liliom'' received generally negative reception on its initial release. Jean Faynard of '' Candide'' described the film as "false, stiff and badly situated".Phillips, 2004. p. 216 In ''

Action Française Action may refer to: * Action (narrative), a literary mode * Action fiction, a type of genre fiction * Action game, a genre of video game Film * Action film, a genre of film * ''Action'' (1921 film), a film by John Ford * ''Action'' (1980 fil ...

'', François Vinneuil wrote "the result is a heterogeneous spectacle... this French-Jewish-Hungarian collaboration doesn't create a breathable atmosphere". Jean Vidal of ''Pour Vous'' wrote that "A pace that's rather too slow spoils the movement of the film".Phillips, 2004. p. 217 A review in ''

Le Journal ''Le Journal'' (The Journal) was a Paris daily newspaper published from 1892 to 1944 in a small, four-page format. Background It was founded and edited by Fernand Arthur Pierre Xau until 1899. It was bought and managed by the family of Henri ...

'' criticized the visual effects in the film as he felt that emphasis on them detracted from the other film elements. Despite the film's reception, ''Liliom'' was one of Lang's favourite directorial efforts. In 1974, Lang stated that "''Liliom'', I always liked very much... Today, I almost like ''Liliom'' best of all".McGilligan, 1997. p. 201

Home video

''Liliom'' was released on a Region 1 DVD by

Kino International The Kino International is a film theater in Berlin, built from 1961 to 1963. It is located on Karl-Marx-Allee in former East Berlin. It hosted premieres of the DEFA film studios until the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. Today it is a protec ...

on March 30, 2004. In 2006, ''Liliom'' was included on the 50th Anniversary Edition DVD of '' Carousel''.

References

Bibliography * *

External links

* * *
''Liliom'' at Rotten Tomatoes
{{DEFAULTSORT:Liliom (1934 Film) 1934 films 1930s fantasy films Films scored by Franz Waxman Films based on works by Ferenc Molnár Films directed by Fritz Lang 1930s French-language films French fantasy films Films about the afterlife Films produced by Erich Pommer Films shot at Joinville Studios French black-and-white films Fiction about purgatory Fox Film films 1930s French films