Lijevče polje
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Lijevče, also the Lijevče field ( sh, Lijevče polje, sr-cyr, Лијевче поље), is a small geographical region in northern
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina ( sh, / , ), abbreviated BiH () or B&H, sometimes called Bosnia–Herzegovina and often known informally as Bosnia, is a country at the crossroads of south and southeast Europe, located in the Balkans. Bosnia and H ...
; a plain situated between the rivers
Sava The Sava (; , ; sr-cyr, Сава, hu, Száva) is a river in Central and Southeast Europe, a right-bank and the longest tributary of the Danube. It flows through Slovenia, Croatia and along its border with Bosnia and Herzegovina, and finally t ...
and Vrbas, and Mount
Kozara Kozara ( sr-cyrl, Козара) is a mountain in western Bosnia and Herzegovina, in the town of Kozarac and in the Bosanska Krajina region, bounded by the Sava River to the north, the Vrbas to the east, the Sana to the south, and the Una to the ...
. It includes settlements part of Gradiška, Srbac and
Laktaši Laktaši ( sr-cyrl, Лакташи) is a city located in Republika Srpska, an entity of the state Bosnia and Herzegovina. As of 2013, the municipality had a population of 34,966 inhabitants, while the town has a population of 5,879 inhabita ...
, in the Banja Luka region of the
Republika Srpska Republika Srpska ( sr-Cyrl, Република Српска, lit=Serb Republic, also known as Republic of Srpska, ) is one of the two entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the other being the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is locat ...
entity. It is part of the wider
Bosanska Krajina Bosanska Krajina ( sr-cyrl, Босанска Крајина, ) is a geographical region, a subregion of Bosnia, in western Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is enclosed by a number of rivers, namely the Sava (north), Glina (northwest), Vrbanja and Vrba ...
("Bosnian Frontier") historical region.


Geography

The macro-mountain of the Vrbas river at the mouth of the Sava is called ''Lijevče polje'', and the name refers to the plain which extends from the left bank of Vrbas, downstream from Klašnica, in a length of around 34 kilometres.Mrgić 2007, p. 1: "Макроплавина реке Врбас при њеном ушћу у Саву назива се Лијевче поље, и то име се односи на равницу која се простире са леве обале Врбаса, низводно од Клашница, у дужини од око 34 километара. Ка северу се низија левкасто шири и на западу допире скоро до Босанске Градишке, тако да је река Сава њена северна граница. Западна граница ове низије одређена је изохипсом од 120 метара надморске висине према Поткозарју. Укупна површина Лијевче поља износи око 500 км. Прелазећи преко меког алувијалног тла, река Врбас и њене притоке мењале су своје токове, градећи бројне меандре, мртваје и пробијајући нова корита. Године 1943, Врбас је пробио ново ушће у Саву, око 350 метара узводније од пређашњег. Посавски део је алувијално-баровитог карактера и делимично је изложен годишњим изливањима реке Саве." Towards the north the depression funnel extends and it almost reaches to Gradiška, so that the Sava river is its northern border. It is roughly in the beginning of Vrbas, between
Sava The Sava (; , ; sr-cyr, Сава, hu, Száva) is a river in Central and Southeast Europe, a right-bank and the longest tributary of the Danube. It flows through Slovenia, Croatia and along its border with Bosnia and Herzegovina, and finally t ...
in the north, Prosara in the west, Motajica in the east, and
Kozara Kozara ( sr-cyrl, Козара) is a mountain in western Bosnia and Herzegovina, in the town of Kozarac and in the Bosanska Krajina region, bounded by the Sava River to the north, the Vrbas to the east, the Sana to the south, and the Una to the ...
in the southwest.Prosveta 1978, p. 406: "ЛИЈЕВЧЕ, равница у северној Босни. око доњег тока Врбаса и у подручју Саве, између планина Козаре и њених огранака. Просаре, Мотајице и др.; пољопривредни рејон; гл. место Босанска Градишка." The western border of the plain is determined by
contour line A contour line (also isoline, isopleth, or isarithm) of a function of two variables is a curve along which the function has a constant value, so that the curve joins points of equal value. It is a plane section of the three-dimensional grap ...
s of 120 metres above sea level towards Potzozarje. The total area of the field is about 500 kilometres. The boundaries give the plain a roughly triangular outline. Crossing over soft alluvial soil, the Vrbas river and its tributaries have changed their courses, creating numerous
meander A meander is one of a series of regular sinuous curves in the channel of a river or other watercourse. It is produced as a watercourse erodes the sediments of an outer, concave bank ( cut bank) and deposits sediments on an inner, convex ba ...
s, backwaters and breaking new beds. In 1943, Vrbas broke a new mouth of the Sava, around 350 metres upstream from the previous one. The part by the Sava is of alluvial-barred character and is partly exposed to the annual floodings of Sava. The large ponds of Bradač and Jovač are still visible on satellite image."Овеће баре Брадача и Јовача видљиве су и данас на сателитском снимку. Матура представља стари ток Врбаса, чије корито има тенденцију да се помера ка истоку. Најстарији помен овог водотока потиче чак из 1443. године, када је у једној повељи забележено „aqua piscatura Mlaterma vocata“. Назив ове равнице потиче од имена позносредњовековног града Левача који се налазио на простору данашњег насеља Ламинци (Сређани), и чија ће историја бити представљена у овом раду. Очувању и ширењу имена града на равницу уз доњи ток Врбаса допринело је и формирање нахије Лефче у најранијем периоду османске власти. Међутим, као и у многим другим случајевима, и овде се показује да су Османлије само преузеле већ постојећи назив. Наиме, „поље Левач“ – campus Lewach, јавља се у писаним изворима пре него што је формирана османска нахија (1540). Први сачувани помен овог назива, као синонима за „поље Врбаса“– campus Orbaz, налази се у писму славонског великаша Лудовика Пекрија из маја 1537. године. Он је краљу Фердинанду Хабсбуршком јавио како су Турци пустили своје коње на испашу на „поље Врбаса“. Априла наредне, 1538. године, хрватско-славонски бан Петар Кеглевић је у свом писму употребио назив Лијевче поља у облику мађарске сложенице транскрибоване на латински - ager Lewachmezew, заправо Lewachmező, дословно „долина Левач поље“. Matura is the old course of the Vrbas, which bed tends to move eastward. The earliest mention of this stream is from 1443, when it was recorded in a charter as „aqua piscatura Mlaterma vocata“. It is an agricultural region, with highly fertile land.


Name

The name of the valley is derived from the late medieval city of Levač which was located on the territory of modern settlement Laminci Sređani. Spreading of the city name on the plain along the lower course of the Vrbas contributed also to the establishment of the Lefče
nahiya A nāḥiyah ( ar, , plural ''nawāḥī'' ), also nahiya or nahia, is a regional or local type of administrative division that usually consists of a number of villages or sometimes smaller towns. In Tajikistan, it is a second-level division w ...
(sr. Лефче, tr, nahiye Lefçe) in the beginning of Ottoman rule. Here, as in many other cases, the Ottomans took the already existing name. The Levač field ("''Lewach campus''"), appears in written sources before the Ottoman nahi was established (1540). The first preserved mention of this name, as a synonym to the "field of Vrbas" ("''campus Orbaz''"), is from a letter of Slavonian magnate Ludovik Pekri, dated May 1537. Pekri reported to
Ferdinand II, Archduke of Austria Ferdinand II, Archduke of Further Austria (Linz, 14 June 1529 – 24 January 1595, Innsbruck) was ruler of Further Austria and since 1564 Imperial count of Tirol. The son of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor, he was married to Philippine Welser ...
about the Ottomans who had left their horses
grazing In agriculture, grazing is a method of animal husbandry whereby domestic livestock are allowed outdoors to roam around and consume wild vegetations in order to convert the otherwise indigestible (by human gut) cellulose within grass and other ...
on "the field of Vrbas". In April 1538, Croatian-Slavonian Ban Petar Keglevich used the name in a Hungarian form transcribed into Latin - ''ager Lewachmezed'' ( hu, Lewachmező), valley of Levač field (долина Левач поље). In June of the same year, there was another record of Ottomans leaving their horses „in campo Lewach“." Јуна исте године, поново је јављено да Турци своје коње напасају „in campo Lewach“. Крајем 1538, бан Тома Надажди је предлагао да један од банова с коњицом „campum Levacz invadere et illic omnia flamma et ferro miscere“, док би истовремено други део војске, бродовима и пешадијом напао и поново освојио (Босанску) Градишку од Османлија." In the end of 1538, Ban Toma Nadazhdi proposed to one of the ban's with cavalry to "campum Levacz invader et omnia Illic Flamma et ferro miscere", while another part of the army would simultaneously attack with ships and infantry and again liberate Bosanska Gradiška from the Ottomans.


Settlements

The region spans over Gradiška in the northwest, Srbac in the northeast, and
Laktaši Laktaši ( sr-cyrl, Лакташи) is a city located in Republika Srpska, an entity of the state Bosnia and Herzegovina. As of 2013, the municipality had a population of 34,966 inhabitants, while the town has a population of 5,879 inhabita ...
at the southern point of the plain. Its seat is Gradiška. It includes the following settlements: * Bardača * Nova Topola * Mahovljani * Trošelje * Kukulje * Kočićevo * Laminci Sređani *
Laktaši Laktaši ( sr-cyrl, Лакташи) is a city located in Republika Srpska, an entity of the state Bosnia and Herzegovina. As of 2013, the municipality had a population of 34,966 inhabitants, while the town has a population of 5,879 inhabita ...
* Mašići * Donji Karajzovci * Gornji Karajzovci * Razboj Lijevački/Lijevče * Rogolji * Rovine


History

During World War II, the
Battle of Lijevče Field The Battle of Lijevče Field ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, Bitka na Lijevča polju, Битка на Лијевча пољу) was a battle fought between 30 March and 8 April 1945 between the Croatian Armed Forces (HOS, the amalgamated Ustashe Militia and Croa ...
was fought between Croatian Ustashe and Serb Chetnik forces in this region.


Monuments

* Cathedral of the Transfiguration of the Lord, Serbian Orthodox Church in Razboj Lijevački, built in the second half of the 20th century."РАЗБОЈ ЛИЈЕВАЧКИ, село на левој обали реке Врбас, у Лијевче пољу, 45 ктп северно од Бањалуке (Ре- публика Српска). Храм посвећен Преображењу Господњем подигнут је у првој половини XX в. од тврдог ма- теријала."


See also

*FK Lijevče, football club based in Nova Topola


References


Sources

* * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Lijevce Landforms of Republika Srpska Gradiška, Bosnia and Herzegovina Regions of Republika Srpska