This article gives an overview of liberal parties in

Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...

. It is limited to

liberal Liberal or liberalism may refer to: Politics * a supporter of liberalism ** Liberalism by country * an adherent of a Liberal Party * Liberalism (international relations) * Sexually liberal feminism * Social liberalism Arts, entertainment and m ...

parties A party is a gathering of people who have been invited by a host for the purposes of socializing, conversation, recreation, or as part of a festival or other commemoration or celebration of a special occasion. A party will often feature ...

with substantial support, mainly proved by having had a representation in parliament. The sign ⇒ means a reference to another party in that scheme. For inclusion in this scheme it isn't necessary so that parties labeled themselves as a liberal party.

Introduction

Liberalism was organized in Brazil since 1831 in a traditional way as the opposition to conservatism. With the republican revolution of 1889 organized liberalism disappeared. Some liberal parties were founded in twentieth century. Since 1966 liberalism was best represented by the Democratic Movement. After multi-partyism became a fact, more parties labeled themselves as liberal, but the word was used by moderate conservative forces. At the moment three parties name themselves liberal, but the

Liberal Front Party The Democrats ( pt, Democratas, DEM) was a centre-right political party in Brazil that merged with the Social Liberal Party to found the Brazil Union in 2021. It was founded in 1985 under the name of Liberal Front Party (''Partido da Frente Libe ...

(''Partido da Frente Liberal'') is a conservative party, member of the

International Democrat Union The International Democrat Union (IDU) is an international alliance of centre-right political parties. Headquartered in Munich, Germany, the IDU consists of 84 full and associate members from 65 countries. It is chaired by Stephen Harper, ...

. The

Liberal Party The Liberal Party is any of many political parties around the world. The meaning of ''liberal'' varies around the world, ranging from liberal conservatism on the right to social liberalism on the left. __TOC__ Active liberal parties This is a li ...

(''Partido Liberal'') can be considered a liberal party. The centrist

Brazilian Democratic Movement The Brazilian Democratic Movement ( pt, Movimento Democrático Brasileiro, MDB) is a Brazilian political party. It is considered a "big tent party" and it is one of the parties with the greatest representation throughout the national territory, ...

(''Movimento Democrático Brasileiro'') takes a liberal position the spectrum. In modern Brazil, liberal generally refers to

conservative Conservatism is a cultural, social, and political philosophy that seeks to promote and to preserve traditional institutions, practices, and values. The central tenets of conservatism may vary in relation to the culture and civilization in ...

or classical forms of liberal.

The timeline

Liberal Party (1831)

*1831: In resistance to the imperial regime liberals formed in 1831 the

(''Partido Liberal''), loosely connected to the urban petty bourgeoisie. It became the leading progressive party during the monarchy. *1863: A left wing faction forms the ⇒ Progressive Party. *1868: The Progressive Party reunited with the party. *1869: A left wing faction formed the ⇒ New Liberal Party. *1882: A new Progressive Party is formed. *1889: After the fall of the monarchy the party vanished.

Progressive Party (1863)

*1863: A left wing faction of the ⇒ Liberal Party forms the

Progressive Party Progressive Party may refer to: Active parties * Progressive Party, Brazil * Progressive Party (Chile) * Progressive Party of Working People, Cyprus * Dominica Progressive Party * Progressive Party (Iceland) * Progressive Party (Sardinia), Ita ...

(''Partido Progressista'') . *1868: The party reunited with the ⇒ Liberal Party

New Liberal Party

*1869: A left wing faction of the ⇒ Liberal Party forms the New Liberal Party, led by Joaquím Nabuco. Unclear is the further existence of the party.

Progressive Party (1882)

*1882: A left wing faction of the ⇒ Liberal Party forms the

(''Partido Progressista''). *1889: After the fall of the monarchy the party disappeared.

Republican Party

*1870: The Republican Party (''Partido Republicano''), a party of the urban middle class, is formed. *1889: After the fall of the monarchy the party disappeared.

Liberal Alliance

*1930: The liberal bourgeoisie formed the Liberal Alliance (''Aliança Liberal''), led by

Getúlio Vargas Getúlio Dornelles Vargas (; 19 April 1882 – 24 August 1954) was a Brazilian lawyer and politician who served as the 14th and 17th president of Brazil, from 1930 to 1945 and from 1951 to 1954. Due to his long and controversial tenure as Brazi ...

. After he lost the 1930 rigged elections, the party came to power in a revolution. *1934: When Vargas establishes in 1934 an authoritarian regime, the party fell apart.

Brazilian Democratic Movement

*1966: The military government allowed in a bi-partisan system the formation of a democratic opposition party, the

(''Movimento Democrático Brasileiro''). In this party liberals are united with social democrats, socialists and right leaning opponents of the rightist military government. The party is led by

Oscar Passos Oscar, OSCAR, or The Oscar may refer to: People * Oscar (given name), an Irish- and English-language name also used in other languages; the article includes the names Oskar, Oskari, Oszkár, Óscar, and other forms. * Oscar (Irish mythology) ...

, Pedroso Horta (since 1970) and

Ulysses Guimarães Ulysses Silveira Guimarães ( October 6, 1916 – October 12, 1992) was a Brazilian politician and lawyer who played an important role in opposing the military dictatorship in Brazil and in the fight to restore democracy in the country. He died i ...

. *1979: The party is reorganized into the

Brazilian Democratic Movement Party The Brazilian Democratic Movement ( pt, Movimento Democrático Brasileiro, MDB) is a Brazilian political party. It is considered a " big tent party" and it is one of the parties with the greatest representation throughout the national territory, ...

(''Partido do Movimento Democrático Brasileiro'', PMDB). *1981: The ⇒ Popular Party merged into the PMDB. *1988: The Brazilian Social Democracy Party seceded from the party.

Popular Party

*1980: A liberal faction of the National Renewal Alliance established the liberal Popular Party (''Partido Popular''), led by Tancredo de Almeida Neves. *1981: The PP merged into the ⇒ Party of the Brazilian Democratic Movement.

Liberal Front Party

*1985: The centre-right

(''Partido da Frente Liberal'') is formed by a secession from the

Democratic Social Party The Democratic Social Party ( pt, Partido Democrático Social, PDS) was a conservative Brazilian political party. It was established in 1979 as a continuation of the National Renewal Alliance (ARENA), the political wing of the military during th ...

. *2007: PFL changes name into the Democrats (''Democratas'').

Liberal Party (1985)

*1985: The centre-right

(''Partido Liberal'') is formed.

Libertarians

*2005: The

Libertarians Libertarianism (from french: libertaire, "libertarian"; from la, libertas, "freedom") is a political philosophy that upholds liberty as a core value. Libertarians seek to maximize autonomy and political freedom, and minimize the state's enc ...

(''Libertários'') is formed. It is a libertarian party with some classic liberal members. Libertarians has no electoral register, still can not participate in elections.

New Party

*2011: The New Party (''Partido Novo'') is formed.

MBL

*2014: The Free Brazil Movement (''Movimento Brasil Livre'') is founded.

Livres

*2016: The Free movement (''Livres'') is founded.

Liberal leaders

* Joaquim Nabuco *

Tancredo Neves Tancredo de Almeida Neves () (4 March 1910 – 21 April 1985) was a Brazilian politician, lawyer, and entrepreneur. He served as Minister of Justice and Interior Affairs from 1953 to 1954, Prime Minister from 1961 to 1962, Minister of Financ ...

Rui Barbosa Ruy Barbosa de Oliveira (5 November 1849 – 1 March 1923), also known as Rui Barbosa, was a Brazilian polymath, diplomat, writer, jurist, and politician. Born in Salvador, Bahia, and a distinguished and staunch defender of civil liberties and ...

* Roberto Campos

References

p.m.