''Let Them Eat Bingo'' is the debut album by

British British may refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories, and Crown Dependencies. ** Britishness, the British identity and common culture * British English, ...

electronic Electronic may refer to: *Electronics, the science of how to control electric energy in semiconductor * ''Electronics'' (magazine), a defunct American trade journal *Electronic storage, the storage of data using an electronic device *Electronic co ...

project

Beats International Beats International were a British dance music band and hip-hop collective, formed in the late 1980s by Norman Cook (later in his career known as Fatboy Slim) based in Brighton, East Sussex, England, after his departure from the Housemartins. ...

, released in spring 1990 on Go! Beat in the United Kingdom and Elektra in the United States. The project was founded and led by disc jockey and former Housemartins bassist

Norman Cook Norman Quentin Cook (born Quentin Leo Cook, 31 July 1963), also known by his stage name Fatboy Slim, is an English musician, DJ, and record producer who helped to popularise the big beat genre in the 1990s. In the 1980s, Cook was the bassist ...

, who produced the album alone and intended Beats International to be a collective of permanent and temporary members including singers and other performers. Cook is joined on the album by a host of contributors, including Lindy Layton, Billy Bragg, Double Trouble, and

Captain Sensible Raymond Ian Burns (born 24 April 1954), known by the stage name Captain Sensible, is an English singer, songwriter and guitarist. Captain Sensible co-founded the punk rock band the Damned, originally playing bass before switching to guitar. H ...

. The album is largely built around samples of other records. Although a dance record, ''Let Them Eat Bingo'' explores and fuses a vast array of styles, including hip hop, house, blues,

reggae Reggae () is a music genre that originated in Jamaica in the late 1960s. The term also denotes the modern popular music of Jamaica and its diaspora. A 1968 single by Toots and the Maytals, " Do the Reggay" was the first popular song to use ...

, punk rock,

gospel Gospel originally meant the Christian message (" the gospel"), but in the 2nd century it came to be used also for the books in which the message was set out. In this sense a gospel can be defined as a loose-knit, episodic narrative of the words a ...

Latin music Latin music ( Portuguese and es, música latina) is a term used by the music industry as a catch-all category for various styles of music from Ibero-America (including Spain and Portugal) and the Latino United States inspired by Latin Amer ...

and African music, leading to an overall

worldbeat Worldbeat is a music genre that blends pop music or rock music with world music or traditional music. Worldbeat is similar to other cross-pollination labels of contemporary and roots genres, and which suggest a rhythmic, harmonic or textural c ...

style. Containing the UK number one single "

Dub Be Good to Me "Dub Be Good to Me" is a song by British dub group Beats International featuring singer Lindy Layton, released on 24 January 1990 as the first single from their debut album, ''Let Them Eat Bingo'' (1990). It was written by frontman Norman Cook ...

" and the Top 10 hit "Won't Talk About It", the album was a success, reaching number 17 on the

UK Albums Chart The Official Albums Chart is a list of albums ranked by physical and digital sales and (from March 2015) audio streaming in the United Kingdom. It was published for the first time on 22 July 1956 and is compiled every week by the Official Charts ...

and receiving positive reviews from music critics who commented upon the inventive mixture of musical styles.

Background and production

After the dissolution of pop band

the Housemartins The Housemartins were an English indie rock group formed in Hull who were active in the 1980s and charted three top-ten albums and six top-twenty singles in the UK. Many of their lyrics conveyed a mixture of socialist politics and Christianit ...

in 1988, their bassist

reverted to his original career as a

disc jockey A disc jockey, more commonly abbreviated as DJ, is a person who plays recorded music for an audience. Types of DJs include radio DJs (who host programs on music radio stations), club DJs (who work at a nightclub or music festival), mobile ...

and soon became one of the most successful remixers in England, a feat which inspired Cook to form Beats International. The project was not intended to be a band but rather, according to Cook, a "collective" of singers, musicians, rappers, dancers and a

graffiti artist Graffiti (plural; singular ''graffiti'' or ''graffito'', the latter rarely used except in archeology) is art that is written, painted or drawn on a wall or other surface, usually without permission and within public view. Graffiti ranges from s ...

. As a studio team, the core of Beats International included Cook on bass and other instruments, vocalists Lester Noel and Lindy Layton, keyboardist Andy Boucher and rappers MC Wildski and DJ Baptiste (The Crazy MC), although the group extended to other occasional members including Billy Bragg,

and the

Definition of Sound Definition of Sound was a London-based dance-music group, consisting of Kevin Clark and Don Weekes, working with musicians Rex Brough (aka The Red King) and later Mike Spencer. Their second and fourth single (music), singles, "Wear Your Love Lik ...

. The group's touring personnel included 22 members, including a 14-piece band. Cook met Lester Noel when the latter's

indie Indie is a short form of "independence" or "independent"; it may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Gaming *Independent video game development, video games created without financial backing from large companies *Indie game, any game (board ...

band North of Cornwallis supported the Housemartins live, although Noel's interest in

black music Black music is a sound created, produced, or inspired by black people, people of African descent, including African music traditions and African popular music as well as the music genres of the African diaspora, including Caribbean music, Lat ...

, a taste he shared with Cook, only emerged after both bands split up. Beats International's debut single "For Spacious Lies" was more pop-styled than the project's subsequent singles, and received critical acclaim. It included the vocals of Noel, and was followed by the production of ''Let Them Eat Bingo'', on which it appears. ''Let Them Eat Bingo'' was produced by Cook at Esselle Studios and engineered by Simon Thornton. Cook used a sampler and

turntable A phonograph, in its later forms also called a gramophone (as a trademark since 1887, as a generic name in the UK since 1910) or since the 1940s called a record player, or more recently a turntable, is a device for the mechanical and analogu ...

in the production.Tanzilo, Robert (1990)
Beats International Let Them Eat Bingo (Elektra...
, ''

Chicago Tribune The ''Chicago Tribune'' is a daily newspaper based in Chicago, Illinois, United States, owned by Tribune Publishing. Founded in 1847, and formerly self-styled as the "World's Greatest Newspaper" (a slogan for which WGN radio and television a ...

'', 31 May 1990. Retrieved 20 September 2015 In addition to the Beats International core line-up, other members who appear include Bragg, Sensible, DJ Streets Ahead, Luke Cresswell, Oisin Little, Robin Watt, Sam Illunga, Jo Jo Kavund, Gilebrt Sangana, John Bourne and Double Trouble, the latter of whom had appeared in the film '' Wild Style''. The Goodyers provided a painting for the album's liner notes. In an interview prior to the release of ''Let them Eat Bingo'', Cook described the album as "a little bit of everything which has inspired me over the last 10 years or so."

Composition

''Let Them Eat Bingo'' is a dance album that explores a variety of different musical styles from across the globe, including hip hop and

rap Rapping (also rhyming, spitting, emceeing or MCing) is a musical form of vocal delivery that incorporates "rhyme, rhythmic speech, and street vernacular". It is performed or chanted, usually over a backing beat or musical accompaniment. The ...

, house, funk,

big band A big band or jazz orchestra is a type of musical ensemble of jazz music that usually consists of ten or more musicians with four sections: saxophones, trumpets, trombones, and a rhythm section. Big bands originated during the early 1910s ...

, blues,

, African music,

, punk rock, and

rock and roll Rock and roll (often written as rock & roll, rock 'n' roll, or rock 'n roll) is a genre of popular music that evolved in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s. It originated from African-American music such as jazz, rhythm a ...

, while being rooted in

British rock music British rock describes a wide variety of forms of music made in the United Kingdom. Since around 1964, with the "British Invasion" of the United States spearheaded by the Beatles, British rock music has had a considerable impact on the devel ...

. Writer

Greg Sandow Greg Sandow (born June 3, 1943) is an American music critic and composer. Education Sandow is a graduate of Harvard University, with a bachelor's degree in government. He is also a graduate of Yale University, with a master's degree in composi ...

felt the album was too eclectic to be limited under one genre, describing it as "a producer's album, full of rabbits pulled out of unexpected musical hats." The music is largely constructed out of samples of other songs and recordings.Anderson, Rick
''Let Them Eat Bingo'' Review
,

AllMusic AllMusic (previously known as All Music Guide and AMG) is an American online music database. It catalogs more than three million album entries and 30 million tracks, as well as information on musicians and bands. Initiated in 1991, the databa ...

. Retrieved 20 September 2015 Rick Anderson of

described the album as sampling "as blatantly as possible from as many different sources as possible" and turning the samples into funky, hook-laden dance-pop songs. He highlights the inclusion of "cribbed snippets of Delta blues, what sound very much like samples of Fela Ransome-Kuti, all kinds of interesting and obscure stuff." Critic Nathaniel Wice described ''Let Them Eat Bingo'' as a

album with familiar samples which take unexpected directions and "reggae and Latin rhythms abound". In his '' Christgau's Record Guide'', critic Robert Christgau emphasised the album's genre combinations: "Burundi Beats" is a fusion between worldbeat,

jazz Jazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, Louisiana in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with its roots in blues and ragtime. Since the 1920s Jazz Age, it has been recognized as a m ...

and

soul music Soul music is a popular music genre that originated in the African American community throughout the United States in the late 1950s and early 1960s. It has its roots in African-American gospel music and rhythm and blues. Soul music became ...

, and incorporates African drums and

Billie Holiday Billie Holiday (born Eleanora Fagan; April 7, 1915 – July 17, 1959) was an American jazz and swing music singer. Nicknamed "Lady Day" by her friend and music partner, Lester Young, Holiday had an innovative influence on jazz music and pop s ...

-style vocals. "

" was built from an instrumental Cook B-side entitled "Invasion of the State Agents", which sampled

The Clash The Clash were an English rock band formed in London in 1976 who were key players in the original wave of British punk rock. Billed as "The Only Band That Matters", they also contributed to the and new wave movements that emerged in the w ...

's "

The Guns of Brixton "The Guns of Brixton" is a song by the English punk rock band the Clash. It was written and sung by bassist Paul Simonon, who grew up in Brixton, South London. The song has a strong reggae influence, reflecting the culture of the area and the r ...

" and an Ennio Morricone snippet and incorporated record scratching and a

kazoo The kazoo is an American musical instrument that adds a "buzzing" timbral quality to a player's voice when the player vocalizes into it. It is a type of '' mirliton'' (which itself is a membranophone), one of a class of instruments which modifie ...

-style sound. The instrumental, considered to be an example of proto-

big beat Big beat is an electronic music genre that usually uses heavy breakbeats and synthesizer-generated loops and patterns – common to acid house/techno. The term has been used by the British music industry to describe music by artists such as th ...

, is mashed on "Dub Be Good to Me" with Lindy Layton's new vocals, covering the

S.O.S. Band The S.O.S. Band (sometimes written as S.O.S. Band; abbreviation for Sounds of Success) is an American R&B and electro-funk group who gained fame in the 1980s. They are best known for the songs "Take Your Time (Do It Right)", "Just Be Good to M ...

song "

Just Be Good to Me "Just Be Good to Me" is a song by the S.O.S. Band, written and produced by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis for their fourth studio album, ''On the Rise'' (1983). "Just Be Good to Me" was released as the lead single from ''On the Rise'' in March 1983, ...

", and a radio DJ sample. The resulting song is considered

and

trip hop Trip hop (sometimes used synonymously with " downtempo") is a musical genre that originated in the early 1990s in the United Kingdom, especially Bristol. It has been described as a psychedelic fusion of hip hop and electronica with slow tem ...

in style, and was described by Tom Ewing of '' Freaky Trigger'' as "the

Wild Bunch The Wild Bunch, also known as the Doolin–Dalton Gang, or the Oklahombres, were a gang of American outlaws based in the Indian Territory in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. They were active in Kansas, Missouri, Arkansas, and Oklahoma Terr ...

Massive Attack Massive Attack are an English trip hop collective formed in 1988 in Bristol by Robert "3D" Del Naja, Adrian "Tricky" Thaws, Andrew "Mushroom" Vowles and Grant "Daddy G" Marshall. The debut Massive Attack album '' Blue Lines'' was releas ...

dub-dance

Bristol sound The Bristol underground scene was a cultural movement in Bristol beginning in the early 1980s. The scene was born out of a lack of mainstream clubs catering for the emergence of hip hop music, with street and underground parties a mainstay. Cre ...

, commercialised before it had even come close to breaking through." '' Music & Media'' described it as a fusion of house and reggae with blues harmonica. "Before I Grow Too Old" incorporates the

New Orleans New Orleans ( , ,New Orleans

-era song by

Fats Domino Antoine Dominique Domino Jr. (February 26, 1928 – October 24, 2017), known as Fats Domino, was an American pianist, singer and songwriter. One of the pioneers of rock and roll music, Domino sold more than 65 million records. Born in New O ...

of the same name and adds extra groove. It opens with a wonky synth line which is then contrasted with

post-punk Post-punk (originally called new musick) is a broad music genre, genre of Punk Music, punk music that emerged in the late 1970s as musicians departed from punk's traditional elements and raw simplicity, instead adopting a variety of avant-garde s ...

riffs and electronic sounds resembling a rubber duck, exemplifying the album's humour. "The Ragged Trousered Perussionists" is a house record that makes use of Latin flutes, while "For Spacious Lies" juxtaposes serious lyrics about grievance and the international black market, with a lighthearted vibe. "Blame It on the Bassline" is a new jack swing track which samples

The Jackson 5 The Jackson 5 (sometimes stylized as the Jackson 5ive, also known as the Jacksons) are an American pop band composed of members of the Jackson family. The group was founded in 1964 in Gary, Indiana, and for most o ...

's "

Blame It on the Boogie "Blame It on the Boogie" is a song released in 1978 by English singer-songwriter Mick Jackson. It has been covered by numerous other artists, including The Jacksons. The song was performed on ''Musikladen'' (January 1979), ''Aplauso'' (February ...

", while "Won't Talk About It" contains Billy Bragg's R&B-style falsetto vocals and

atonal Atonality in its broadest sense is music that lacks a tonal center, or key. ''Atonality'', in this sense, usually describes compositions written from about the early 20th-century to the present day, where a hierarchy of harmonies focusing on a ...

guitar riff and explores styles of disco, rap music, synth-pop and rock guitar. "Dance to the Drummer's Beat" contains an Afro-Cuban funk style. The album closes with the final crash from

The Beatles The Beatles were an English rock band, formed in Liverpool in 1960, that comprised John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr. They are regarded as the most influential band of all time and were integral to the developmen ...

' " A Day in the Life" (1967).

Release and promotion

In the United Kingdom, ''Let Them Eat Bingo'' was released in March 1990 by

Go! Discs Go! Discs was a London-based record label, launched in 1983 from offices in Wendell Road, Shepherd's Bush, by Andy Macdonald and Lesley Symons. The pair founded the label after Macdonald left his job as press officer at Stiff Records, and Symo ...

. Released on CD, cassette and vinyl formats, the CD edition included a

bonus Bonus commonly means: * Bonus, a Commonwealth term for a distribution of profits to a with-profits insurance policy * Bonus payment, an extra payment received as a reward for doing one's job well or as an incentive Bonus may also refer to: Plac ...

twelve-inch version of "For Spacious Lies". In the United States, it was released on 20 April 1990 by Elektra Records and promoted as "an inventive mix of unshakeable pop melodies, world music references, choice sampling and club floor rhythms." The album was successful worldwide, and spent 15 weeks on the

, peaking at number 17.Beats International
,

Official Charts Company The Official Charts (legal name: The Official UK Charts Company Limited) is a British inter-professional organization that compiles various "official" record charts in the United Kingdom, Ireland and France. In the United Kingdom, its charts in ...

. Retrieved 20 September 2015 It went on to receive gold certification. The album peaked at number 63 in Australia on the

ARIA chart The ARIA Charts are the main Australian music sales charts, issued weekly by the Australian Recording Industry Association. The charts are a record of the highest selling songs and albums in various genres in Australia. ARIA became the offici ...

, and spent 10 weeks in the top 100. Ahead of the album's release, "Dub Be Good to Me" was issued as a single. In February 1990, the song reached number one on the

UK Singles Chart The UK Singles Chart (currently titled Official Singles Chart, with the upper section more commonly known as the Official UK Top 40) is compiled by the Official Charts Company (OCC), on behalf of the British record industry, listing the top-s ...

, and it ultimately became the year's seventh biggest seller, helping to secure the album's success. It also reached number 3 on the Eurochart Hot 100, and had made the Top 3 in the

Netherlands ) , anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau") , image_map = , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands , established_title = Before independence , established_date = Spanish Netherl ...

Greece Greece,, or , romanized: ', officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the southern tip of the Balkans, and is located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Greece shares land borders ...

, and

Austria Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...

."Dub Be Good to Me", in various singles chart
Lescharts.com
(Retrieved March 28, 2008) The single was controversial in that the sampled bassline from "The Guns of Brixton" was uncleared, leading to legal action. Writer

Colin Larkin Colin Larkin (born 1949) is a British writer and entrepreneur. He founded, and was the editor-in-chief of, the ''Encyclopedia of Popular Music'', described by ''The Times'' as "the standard against which all others must be judged". Along wit ...

nonetheless notes: "This 'creative theft' may have diminished royalty cheques, but the interpretation of various styles and even passages of music proved a deliberate strategy in Beats International's armoury." "Won't Talk About It", which had previously been released as a Norman Cook solo single in 1989, was re-released as a single from ''Let Them Eat Bingo'', reaching number 9 in May 1990. The final charting single, "Burundi Beats", failed to repeat the success of the previous singles, peaking at number 51 in September 1990.

Critical reception

In a review for the ''

'', Robert Tanzilo hailed ''Let Them Eat Bingo'' as "one of the more refreshing dance records of late" and "a wonderful mess" with fully successful genre fusions. Greg Sandow, reviewing for ''

Entertainment Weekly ''Entertainment Weekly'' (sometimes abbreviated as ''EW'') is an American digital-only entertainment magazine based in New York City, published by Dotdash Meredith, that covers film, television, music, Broadway theatre, books, and popular cu ...

'', wrote: "There's nothing wrong with pure pleasure in music, and this album provides it." He wrote that the "music just soars" and praised its blending of musical styles and "effortless melody," concluding that "''Let Them Eat Bingo'' is good enough exactly as it is."Sandow, Greg (1990)
Let Them Eat Bingo
, ''

'', 27 April 1990. Retrieved 20 September 2015 Nathaniel Wice of '' Spin'' magazine wrote that the album's "oh-so-clever dance music is rich and varied enough to yield many listens, even straight through on auto-reverse or play," but felt that purist fans of the incorporated genres could find the album "too snide or facile to tolerate" due to its lack of overall style.Wice, Nathaniel (1990)
Beats International ''Let Them Eat Bingo''
, '' Spin'', July 1990, p. 80. Retrieved 20 September 2015 Melinda Rickelman, writing for ''

The Crisis ''The Crisis'' is the official magazine of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). It was founded in 1910 by W. E. B. Du Bois (editor), Oswald Garrison Villard, J. Max Barber, Charles Edward Russell, Kelly Mi ...

'' viewed the mixture of styles more positively, praising the album's unpredictability and "fine young beats" and recommending the record to

Deee-Lite Deee-Lite was an American house and dance music group formed in New York City. The group's best-known single is "Groove Is in the Heart", which was released in 1990 from their debut studio album ''World Clique'' (1990), and was a top-ten hit i ...

fans.Rickelman, Melinda (1990)
Young, Gifted and Hot
, ''

'', June–July 1991, pp. 8-12 ''

New York Magazine ''New York'' is an American biweekly magazine concerned with life, culture, politics, and style generally, and with a particular emphasis on New York City. Founded by Milton Glaser and Clay Felker in 1968 as a competitor to ''The New Yorker' ...

'' wrote that "''Let Them Eat Bingo'' combines hip-hop, reggae, rap, punk, and even rebel-yelling to a dance-happy effect."Wurtzel, Elizabeth (1990)
Sounds
, ''

'', 14 May 1990, p. 112. Retrieved 20 September 2015 Women's magazine '' Mademoiselle'' hailed the album as "a journey through hip-hop, the '70s, many voices (high male, low female), distant cultures and ook'srecord collection." In ''

Playboy ''Playboy'' is an American men's Lifestyle magazine, lifestyle and entertainment magazine, formerly in print and currently online. It was founded in Chicago in 1953, by Hugh Hefner and his associates, and funded in part by a $1,000 loan from H ...

'' magazine, Robert Christgau called the album "the mixing record music lovers dream about--with bits of Afropop and Delta blues and disco and

folk Folk or Folks may refer to: Sociology *Nation *People * Folklore ** Folk art ** Folk dance ** Folk hero ** Folk music *** Folk metal *** Folk punk *** Folk rock ** Folk religion * Folk taxonomy Arts, entertainment, and media * Folk Plus or Fo ...

-strum and every kind of pop-funk hybrid segued together into a universal dance music that earns its billing, nothing is forbidden and everything fits." He later named it the year's 9th best album in his

Pazz & Jop Pazz & Jop was an annual poll of top musical releases, compiled by American newspaper ''The Village Voice'' and created by music critic Robert Christgau. It published lists of the year's top releases for 1971 and, after Christgau's two-year abs ...

Dean's List ballot. Soul singer Etta James praised the album in a column on

neo-soul Neo soul (sometimes called progressive soul) is a genre of popular music. As a term, it was coined by music industry entrepreneur Kedar Massenburg during the late 1990s to market and describe a style of music that emerged from soul and contem ...

records in ''Spin''. She lauded the "stupid" style of "Burundi Blues" and felt the rest of the album contained experiments with "beats and stuff, and that's cool too." '' Q'' magazine listed it among the 50 best albums of 1990. In a retrospective review, Rick Anderson of

named the record an "Album Pick" and describing it as Cook "just showing how much fun you can have with a sampler and flawless taste in beats". In his review, Glenn Kenny of ''

Trouser Press ''Trouser Press'' was a rock and roll magazine started in New York in 1974 as a mimeographed fanzine by editor/publisher Ira Robbins, fellow fan of the Who Dave Schulps and Karen Rose under the name "Trans-Oceanic Trouser Press" (a reference ...

'' wrote: "At its best, this is clever stuff that, beyond being enjoyable strictly on its own, provocatively recontextualizes its sources and creates an endlessly fascinating cross-cultural weave." He did nonetheless feel that the album's worst moments were "just boring and silly."Kenny, Glenn
Beats International
, ''

''. Retrieved 20 September 2015 In 2014, Derek Staples of ''Spectrum Culture'' felt the album had been unfairly obscured and commented that "Beats International created a cacophony of sound that resisted the impulse of dulling the individual elements. Like the rumblings of most any downtown center, this chaos turns to beauty with the support of the right conductor." He felt the album was a precedent for SBTRKT's ''

Wonder Where We Land ''Wonder Where We Land'' is the second studio album from British producer SBTRKT. It was released on 7 October 2014 through Young Turks. Background For ''Wonder Where We Land'', SBTRKT aimed to expand the concept of the SBTRKT identity belongi ...

'' (2014) in that both records had "the courage to explore across the spheres of

indie-pop Indie pop (also typeset as indie-pop or indiepop) is a music genre and subculture that combines guitar pop with DIY ethic in opposition to the style and tone of mainstream pop music. It originated from British post-punk in the late 1970s and su ...

, club music, and hip hop".

Track listing

Personnel

Major contributors

– producer *Simon Thornton – engineer *Andrew Boucher – keyboards Whelan, Andy (2008)
On the beat - the pop star turned policeman
, ''The Argus'', 24 June 2008. Retrieved 20 September 2015 * Lindy Layton – vocals * Billy Bragg – vocals *

– vocals *Double Trouble – vocals *MC Wildski – vocals

Other contributors

*John Bourne * Luke Cresswell *Sam Illunga *Charles Kilenga *Jo Jo Kavund *Jeff Kumwarma *Oisin Little *Gabi Mutumbo *Lester Noel *Gilbert Sangana *DJ Streets Ahead *Robin Watt

Charts and certifications

Weekly charts

Certifications

References

External links

''Let Them Eat Bingo''
at

discogs Discogs (short for discographies) is a database of information about audio recordings, including commercial releases, promotional releases, and bootleg or off-label releases. While the site was originally created with a goal of becoming the ...

.com {{Authority control 1990 debut albums Elektra Records albums Beats International albums Worldbeat albums Neo soul albums