Ledcor Group of Companies
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Ledcor Group of Companies is an employee-owned, diversified, and vertically-integrated construction company operating primarily in
Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over , making it the world's second-largest country by tot ...
and
United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territori ...
. Ledcor operates in a wide range of industries including the
construction Construction is a general term meaning the art and science to form Physical object, objects, systems, or organizations,"Construction" def. 1.a. 1.b. and 1.c. ''Oxford English Dictionary'' Second Edition on CD-ROM (v. 4.0) Oxford University Pr ...
of buildings and
civil infrastructure Infrastructure is the set of facilities and systems that serve a country, city, or other area, and encompasses the services and facilities necessary for its economy, households and firms to function. Infrastructure is composed of public and priv ...
, technical services such as communication networks,
forestry Forestry is the science and craft of creating, managing, planting, using, conserving and repairing forests, woodlands, and associated resources for human and environmental benefits. Forestry is practiced in plantations and natural stands. ...
,
mining Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the Earth, usually from an ore body, lode, vein, seam, reef, or placer deposit. The exploitation of these deposits for raw material is based on the economic ...
, property development and management, transportation, marine operations, and several energy projects including
oil An oil is any nonpolar chemical substance that is composed primarily of hydrocarbons and is hydrophobic (does not mix with water) & lipophilic (mixes with other oils). Oils are usually flammable and surface active. Most oils are unsaturated ...
, gas, and
Liquefied Natural Gas Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas (predominantly methane, CH4, with some mixture of ethane, C2H6) that has been cooled down to liquid form for ease and safety of non-pressurized storage or transport. It takes up about 1/600th the vol ...
. Ledcor has been responsible for building several of Canada's large-scale construction projects. In 2012, construction of The Bow was completed - Alberta's largest building. Ledcor also completed the construction of British Columbia's largest building, Vancouver's
Shangri-La Shangri-La is a fictional place in Asia's Kunlun Mountains (昆仑山), Uses the spelling 'Kuen-Lun'. described in the 1933 novel '' Lost Horizon'' by English author James Hilton. Hilton portrays Shangri-La as a mystical, harmonious valley, ...
Hotel, in 2008. Ledcor is also one of North America's pioneers in the
Green Building Green building (also known as green construction or sustainable building) refers to both a structure and the application of processes that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life-cycle: from planni ...
industry. They are a founding member of the
Canada Green Building Council The Canada Green Building Council (CaGBC) was created in 2003 to further the expansion of green building in Canada. Prior to the formation of the Council, Canada had participated in the United States Green Building Council (USGBC) through British ...
and a longtime member of the
U.S. Green Building Council The U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC), co-founded by Mike Italiano, David Gottfried and Rick Fedrizzi in 1993, is a private 501(c)3, membership-based non-profit organization that promotes sustainability in building design, construction, and op ...
. In 2014, the VanDusen Botanical Garden Visitors Centre, a Ledcor project, was named Sustainable Building of the Year by the World Architecture News. In 2011, 2014, 2017, and 2021 Ledcor was named to Canada's 10 "Most Admired Corporate Cultures" list, securing a seat in the Hall of Fame as a four-time winner, and is consistently ranked as one of the top Canadian employers.


History

William (Bill) Lede was born in 1925 to farming parents near
Hay Lakes, Alberta Hay Lakes is a village in central Alberta, Canada. It is located along Highway 21, approximately north of Camrose and southeast of Edmonton. Hay Lakes was pioneered and settled primarily by immigrants from Sweden and Norway. Hay Lakes' found ...
. In 1945, he started a modest coal stripping and gravel operation with his brother-in-law, Ralph Stebner. In 1945, Bill secured a new contract with Black Nugget and officially started displaying the words "Leduc Construction" on a reconditioned HD14. In early 1947, he became owner and president of Leduc Construction after officially incorporating the name. Their first contract was to prepare the drilling site for Imperial Oil's Leduc No. 1. In 1953, after the purchase of two
Caterpillar Inc. Caterpillar Inc. (stock symbol CAT) is an American ''Fortune'' 500 corporation and the world's largest construction-equipment manufacturer. In 2018, Caterpillar was ranked number 65 on the ''Fortune'' 500 list and number 238 on the Global ''Fo ...
D7 tractors, the company started to make plans for expansion and diversification. William Lede died on September 25, 1980, when a large gravel pile collapsed upon him at a job site. Dave Lede became President and Herb Lede took over as Chairman. In 1982, Leduc Construction was renamed Ledcor - an abbreviation of Leduc Construction and began expanding across Canada and into the United States. With that, the company diversified its construction projects into seven different sectors - building, civil, industrial, mining, pipeline,
telecommunication Telecommunication is the transmission of information by various types of technologies over wire, radio, optical, or other electromagnetic systems. It has its origin in the desire of humans for communication over a distance greater than that fe ...
s, and highway construction. In the 2000s, Ledcor's diversification continued and now has divisions in the building, environmental, forestry, infrastructure, mining, transportation, power, properties, oil and gas, and communications sectors. Ledcor has also acquired Summit Air Charters and Arctic Sunwest Charters which provide transport to remote areas of the
Yukon Yukon (; ; formerly called Yukon Territory and also referred to as the Yukon) is the smallest and westernmost of Canada's three territories. It also is the second-least populated province or territory in Canada, with a population of 43,964 as ...
, Northwest Territories, and Nunavut. They are also a part of a joint venture that owns and operates the
Vancouver Harbour Flight Centre Vancouver Harbour Flight Centre, Vancouver Harbour Water Aerodrome or Vancouver Coal Harbour Seaplane Base , is a registered aerodrome located at Coal Harbour in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The flight centre is within walking distance of ...
seaplane terminal. Ledcor's marine division is now one of the largest of its kind, serving southwest British Columbia with six tugboats and 13 barges. Ledcor's electrical technicians in British Columbia voted to unionize in 2017 under the
International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers The International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (IBEW) is a trade union, labor union that represents approximately 775,000 workers and retirees in the electricity, electrical industry in the United States, Canada, Guam, Panama, Puerto Rico, a ...
, but were not recognized by the company. In 2022, the Canada Industrial Relations Board found that Ledcor had used
unfair labor practices An unfair labor practice (ULP) in United States labor law refers to certain actions taken by employers or unions that violate the National Labor Relations Act of 1935 (49 Stat. 449) (also known as the NLRA and the Wagner Act after NY Senator R ...
and had failed to engage in good faith bargaining. The CIRB then imposed a collective agreement on the parties.


Divisions

The Ledcor Group of Companies operates several divisions and subsidiaries that operate in a diverse range of industries across North America.


Building

Founded in 1987, the building division of Ledcor provides full-service construction for commercial, residential, institutional, and
light industrial Light industry are industries that usually are less capital-intensive than heavy industry and are more consumer-oriented than business-oriented, as they typically produce smaller consumer goods. Most light industry products are produced for ...
projects. They offer specialized services in project and construction management, pre-construction services, design-build, general contracting, and
Public Private Partnership In public relations and communication science, publics are groups of individual people, and the public (a.k.a. the general public) is the totality of such groupings. This is a different concept to the sociological concept of the ''Öffentlichkei ...
(P3) delivery models for a variety of clientele. Each year, Ledcor's building division is responsible for the construction of hundreds of projects in North America.


Environmental

As a founding member of the Canadian Green Building Council and a long-time member of the
U.S. Green Building Council The U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC), co-founded by Mike Italiano, David Gottfried and Rick Fedrizzi in 1993, is a private 501(c)3, membership-based non-profit organization that promotes sustainability in building design, construction, and op ...
, Ledcor has a long history of pioneering the green building industry. They have experience providing energy-efficient retrofits and wastewater treatment for clients in many sectors along with a suite of other sustainable services. Ledcor was one of the first companies to offer green retro-fitting services to clients - a service that helps improve the energy and efficiency of existing facilities. Several Ledcor projects have reached Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) accredited status. As of March 2016, Ledcor is constructing LEED v4 projects in both Canada and the United States. The official launch of LEED v4 standards will take place in fall 2016. Some of Ledcor's clients have included Syncrude,
Suncor Suncor Energy (french: Suncor Énergie) is a Canadian integrated energy company based in Calgary, Alberta. It specializes in production of synthetic crude from oil sands. In the 2020 Forbes Global 2000, Suncor Energy was ranked as the 48th-lar ...
, and
Cadillac Fairview The Cadillac Fairview Corporation Limited is a Canadian company that invests in, owns, and manages commercial real estate, mainly in Canada and the United States. As of March 2017, the company had 73 properties, encompassing 38 million square feet ...
. In 2014, Ledcor was the recipient of the Sustainable Building of the Year award by the World Architecture News. They were also awarded the Vancouver Regional Construction Association (VRCA) 2013 Gold Award in Sustainable Construction for the UBC Pharmaceutical Sciences building. In 2013, they won the Canadian Green Building Award for the SFU UniverCity Childcare Centre project. They also won 11 awards, including Gold, at the 24th Annual VCRA awards of Excellence gala in 2012.


Forestry

Ledcor operates a vertically-integrated supply chain that includes constructing mills, brokering logs, and processing timber into exportable wood products (cants), chips, and biofuel. They also utilize their transportation capabilities to deliver products by both land and sea. The company is licensed to operate in the Cariboo/ Chilcotin, Vanderhoof, Kamloops, and
Princeton Princeton University is a private research university in Princeton, New Jersey. Founded in 1746 in Elizabeth as the College of New Jersey, Princeton is the fourth-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and one of the ni ...
forest districts of
British Columbia British Columbia (commonly abbreviated as BC) is the westernmost province of Canada, situated between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains. It has a diverse geography, with rugged landscapes that include rocky coastlines, sandy beaches, ...
. The forestry division turns logging waste and residuals into biomass products that are used to produce
electricity Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of matter that has a property of electric charge. Electricity is related to magnetism, both being part of the phenomenon of electromagnetism, as describ ...
and offset the use of
natural gas Natural gas (also called fossil gas or simply gas) is a naturally occurring mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons consisting primarily of methane in addition to various smaller amounts of other higher alkanes. Low levels of trace gases like carbo ...
.


Infrastructure

Founded in 1960, Ledcor's infrastructure division has a long history of undertaking both public and private infrastructure construction and maintenance projects. This includes
highway A highway is any public or private road or other public way on land. It is used for major roads, but also includes other public roads and public tracks. In some areas of the United States, it is used as an equivalent term to controlled-acces ...
s,
bridge A bridge is a structure built to span a physical obstacle (such as a body of water, valley, road, or rail) without blocking the way underneath. It is constructed for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle, which is usually somethi ...
s,
airport An airport is an aerodrome with extended facilities, mostly for commercial air transport. Airports usually consists of a landing area, which comprises an aerially accessible open space including at least one operationally active surfa ...
s, and underground
utilities A public utility company (usually just utility) is an organization that maintains the infrastructure for a public service (often also providing a service using that infrastructure). Public utilities are subject to forms of public control and ...
. Ledcor offers services in all aspects of infrastructure construction including project management,
procurement Procurement is the method of discovering and agreeing to terms and purchasing goods, services, or other works from an external source, often with the use of a tendering or competitive bidding process. When a government agency buys goods or serv ...
, design-build services, and constructability reviews. Some of Ledcor's major projects have included the construction of the Coquihalla BC Highway 5, TransCanada Highway 1, Alberta's Highway 63, and the
South Fraser Perimeter Road Highway 17 is a provincial highway in British Columbia, Canada. It comprises two separate sections connected by a ferry link. The Vancouver Island section is known as the Patricia Bay Highway and connects Victoria to the Swartz Bay ferry term ...
(SFPR) in Vancouver, British Columbia. The SFPR was part of the Asia-Pacific Gateway Program and was the first major project outside of the United States that was awarded the Green Roads Bronze Certification by the Green Roads Foundation.


Mining

Since its founding in 1985, Ledcor's
mining Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the Earth, usually from an ore body, lode, vein, seam, reef, or placer deposit. The exploitation of these deposits for raw material is based on the economic ...
division has operated in tandem with its other divisions to cover the complete range of operations. This includes facility preparation and construction, contract mining of
coal Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock, formed as rock strata called coal seams. Coal is mostly carbon with variable amounts of other elements, chiefly hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen. Coal is formed when ...
,
mineral In geology and mineralogy, a mineral or mineral species is, broadly speaking, a solid chemical compound with a fairly well-defined chemical composition and a specific crystal structure that occurs naturally in pure form.John P. Rafferty, ed. (2 ...
s, and
metal A metal (from Greek μέταλλον ''métallon'', "mine, quarry, metal") is a material that, when freshly prepared, polished, or fractured, shows a lustrous appearance, and conducts electricity and heat relatively well. Metals are typicall ...
s, and reclamation activities. Ledcor has
reclaimed Land reclamation, usually known as reclamation, and also known as land fill (not to be confused with a waste landfill), is the process of creating new land from oceans, seas, riverbeds or lake beds. The land reclaimed is known as reclamati ...
land in a diverse range of geographic
terrain Terrain or relief (also topographical relief) involves the vertical and horizontal dimensions of land surface. The term bathymetry is used to describe underwater relief, while hypsometry studies terrain relative to sea level. The Latin wo ...
s and under various
municipal A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality'' may also mean the go ...
and federal regulations. This includes erosion control,
revegetation Revegetation is the process of replanting and rebuilding the soil of disturbed land. This may be a natural process produced by plant colonization and succession, manmade rewilding projects, accelerated process designed to repair damage to a lan ...
, soil and slope stabilization, topsoil reclamation, construction and closure of tailings storage facilities, demolition, equipment removal, placing soil
overburden In mining, overburden (also called waste or spoil) is the material that lies above an area that lends itself to economical exploitation, such as the rock, soil, and ecosystem that lies above a coal seam or ore body. Overburden is distinct from tai ...
over exposed mine tailings, and regarding areas to match the contours of the surrounding terrain.


Transportation

Ledcor has subsidiaries in both the
airline An airline is a company that provides air transport services for traveling passengers and freight. Airlines use aircraft to supply these services and may form partnerships or alliances with other airlines for codeshare agreements, in wh ...
and
marine transportation Maritime transport (or ocean transport) and hydraulic effluvial transport, or more generally waterborne transport, is the transport of people (passengers) or goods (cargo) via waterways. Freight transport by sea has been widely used thro ...
industries. Summit Air and Summit Helicopters offer both commercial flights and specialized aviation services and operate in remote regions of the
Yukon Yukon (; ; formerly called Yukon Territory and also referred to as the Yukon) is the smallest and westernmost of Canada's three territories. It also is the second-least populated province or territory in Canada, with a population of 43,964 as ...
, Northwest Territories, and Nunavut. Ledcor's marine fleet includes a tug and barge service that provides transportation for industrial clients in several sectors. It is one of the largest marine operations of its kind in
British Columbia British Columbia (commonly abbreviated as BC) is the westernmost province of Canada, situated between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains. It has a diverse geography, with rugged landscapes that include rocky coastlines, sandy beaches, ...
.
Vancouver Harbour Flight Centre Vancouver Harbour Flight Centre, Vancouver Harbour Water Aerodrome or Vancouver Coal Harbour Seaplane Base , is a registered aerodrome located at Coal Harbour in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The flight centre is within walking distance of ...
is also owned and operated by Ledcor. It consists of an open facility for seaplanes servicing the Pacific Northwest's coastal communities and gives customers close access to the center of
Vancouver Vancouver ( ) is a major city in western Canada, located in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia. As the List of cities in British Columbia, most populous city in the province, the 2021 Canadian census recorded 662,248 people in the ...
, British Columbia. Ledcor's transportation services are integrated with their forestry and energy services.


Power

Ledcor provides various services in the energy sector including power generation, transmission, both underground and overhead distribution, and
renewables Renewable energy is energy that is collected from renewable resources that are naturally replenished on a human timescale. It includes sources such as sunlight, wind, the movement of water, and geothermal heat. Although most renewable energy ...
. Ledcor has contributed to the development of renewable energy forms and has constructed projects such as solar energy farms in
Reno, Nevada Reno ( ) is a city in the northwest section of the U.S. state of Nevada, along the Nevada-California border, about north from Lake Tahoe, known as "The Biggest Little City in the World". Known for its casino and tourism industry, Reno is the ...
, and wind power in
Alberta Alberta ( ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada. It is part of Western Canada and is one of the three prairie provinces. Alberta is bordered by British Columbia to the west, Saskatchewan to the east, the Northwest Ter ...
. Some of Ledcor's green energy projects include the Fitzsimmons Creek Hydroelectric Project, the Ashlu Creek Green Power Project, Barrick Solar Farm, and the Wintering Hills Wind Power Project.


Properties

Founded in 1996, Ledcor Properties now manages the development and operation of a large portfolio of
commercial Commercial may refer to: * a dose of advertising conveyed through media (such as - for example - radio or television) ** Radio advertisement ** Television advertisement * (adjective for:) commerce, a system of voluntary exchange of products and s ...
, residential, and
light industrial Light industry are industries that usually are less capital-intensive than heavy industry and are more consumer-oriented than business-oriented, as they typically produce smaller consumer goods. Most light industry products are produced for ...
real estate Real estate is property consisting of land and the buildings on it, along with its natural resources such as crops, minerals or water; immovable property of this nature; an interest vested in this (also) an item of real property, (more general ...
in North America. They have contributed to over 60 projects with a value exceeding $2.5 billion.


Oil and Gas

The oil industry was one of the first that Ledcor began operating in. They now participate in a range of activities including earthworks, foundations,
construction Construction is a general term meaning the art and science to form Physical object, objects, systems, or organizations,"Construction" def. 1.a. 1.b. and 1.c. ''Oxford English Dictionary'' Second Edition on CD-ROM (v. 4.0) Oxford University Pr ...
, maintenance, pipe fabrication, and module assembly. Since the 1940s, Ledcor has constructed some of North America's largest resource projects, often in challenging locations including the Arctic and offshore. Pipeline construction is a major part of the oil and gas division. Ledcor's clients have included TransCanada, Suncor, Imperial Oil,
Shell Shell may refer to: Architecture and design * Shell (structure), a thin structure ** Concrete shell, a thin shell of concrete, usually with no interior columns or exterior buttresses ** Thin-shell structure Science Biology * Seashell, a hard o ...
, Syncrude, Apache,
Encana Ovintiv Inc. is a hydrocarbon exploration and production company organized in Delaware and headquartered in Denver, United States. It was founded and headquartered in Calgary, Alberta, under its previous name Encana. It was the largest energy c ...
, and Nova. They are also active in the oil and gas research and development field, having invested heavily in the
Northern Alberta Institute of Technology The Northern Alberta Institute of Technology (NAIT) is a applied sciences institute in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. NAIT provides careers programs in applied research, technical training, applied education, and learning designed to meet the dema ...
(NAIT) and are a founding partner for the Pipeline Integrity Institute (PII) at
UBC The University of British Columbia (UBC) is a public research university with campuses near Vancouver and in Kelowna, British Columbia. Established in 1908, it is British Columbia's oldest university. The university ranks among the top three ...
.


Communications

In operation since 1979, Ledcor Technical Services designs build and maintains both wired and
wireless network A wireless network is a computer network that uses wireless data connections between network nodes. Wireless networking is a method by which homes, telecommunications networks and business installations avoid the costly process of introducing ...
s across North America. This division is responsible for building the first coast-to-coast fiber optic cable in Canada and installing the first undersea cable in the United States. Some of Ledcor's communications clients have included Fonorola Inc, Bell Canada,
Telus Telus Communications Inc. (TCI) is the wholly owned principal subsidiary of Telus Corporation, a Telecommunications in Canada, Canadian national telecommunications company that provides a wide range of telecommunications products and services ...
,
Suncor Suncor Energy (french: Suncor Énergie) is a Canadian integrated energy company based in Calgary, Alberta. It specializes in production of synthetic crude from oil sands. In the 2020 Forbes Global 2000, Suncor Energy was ranked as the 48th-lar ...
, and CNRL.


Safety

Ledcor has received several major awards for achieving a high performance in safety. In 2014, this included the Construction Owners Association of Alberta's Safety Leadership Award and Imperial Oil/Exxon Mobil's Exemplary Safety Performance Award. In 2012, Ledcor won the Chevron Product Company Safety Excellence Award and in 2010 won the Shell Goal Zero Award for reaching 365 days without medical aid on the Shell Albian Sands Expansion project.


Community Impact

Over the past 10 years, Ledcor and its employees have invested over $24.1 million in more than 150 charities across North America, as well as supporting communities through various professional development, sustainability, research, and initiatives. Ledcor has been a consistent supporter of children's charities including
BC Children's Hospital British Columbia Children's Hospital is a medical facility located in Vancouver, British Columbia, and is an agency of the Provincial Health Services Authority. It specializes in health care for patients from birth to 16 years of age (possibly l ...
,
Kids Help Phone Kids Help Phone (french: Jeunesse, J’écoute) is a Canadian charitable organization that provides online and telephone counselling and volunteer-led, text-based support in English and French to youth across Canada. Kids Help Phone also prov ...
, and Ronald McDonald House. Each year, Ledcor's annual employee campaign provides funding for pediatric hospitals,
Make-A-Wish Foundation The Make-A-Wish Foundation is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization founded in the United States that helps fulfill the wishes of children with a critical illness between the ages of and 18 years old. Make-A-Wish was founded in 1980 and headqu ...
, United Way chapters, and other local charities focused on children's health. Ledcor's community investment also includes industry, apprenticeship, and scholarship programs that aim to teach skills and give experience to individuals. Some of the major organizations they support include the Northern Alberta Institute of Technology (NAIT), the University of Alberta, Junior Achievement BC, and Junior Achievement Northern Alberta. Ledcor has built partnerships and pursued opportunities with several Aboriginal communities including the
Haisla Nation The Haisla Nation is the Indian Act-mandated band government which nominally represents the Haisla people in the North Coast region of the Canadian province of British Columbia, centred on the reserve community of Kitamaat Village. The traditional ...
,
McLeod Lake Indian Band McLeod Lake is an unincorporated community located on Highway 97 in northern British Columbia, Canada, north of Prince George. It is notable for being the first continuously inhabited European settlement established west of the Rocky Mountains ...
,
Squamish Nation The Squamish Nation, Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Úxwumixw () in Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Sníchim (Squamish language), is an Indian Act government originally imposed on the Squamish (''Sḵwx̱wú7mesh'') by the Federal Government of Canada in the late 19th ce ...
and Lil-wat First Nation,
West Moberly First Nations The West Moberly First Nations is a First Nations located in the Peace River Country in northern British Columbia. They are part of the Dunne-za and Cree cultural and language groups. The West Moberly First Nations used to be part of the Hudson ...
,
Fort Nelson First Nation Treaty 8, which concluded with the June 21, 1899 signing by representatives of the Crown and various First Nations of the Lesser Slave Lake area, is the most comprehensive of the one of eleven Numbered Treaties. The agreement encompassed a la ...
,
Tsawwassen First Nation The Tsawwassen First Nation ( hur, sc̓əwaθən məsteyəxʷ, ) is a First Nations government whose lands are located in the Greater Vancouver area of the Lower Mainland of British Columbia, Canada, close to the South Arm of the Fraser River ...
, and the
Tahltan Nation The Tàłtàn Nation is a tribal council-type organization (but ''not'' a tribal council) combining the governments of two band governments of the Tahltan people in the Stikine Country of the Northern Interior of British Columbia, Canada. The two ...
.


References

{{Authority control Companies based in Vancouver Companies based in San Diego Construction and civil engineering companies of Canada Construction and civil engineering companies of the United States Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1947 Canadian companies established in 1947 American companies established in 1947