Lathrotelinae is a

subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classifica ...

of the pyraloid

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

Crambidae The Crambidae are the grass moth family of lepidopterans. They are variable in appearance, the nominal subfamily Crambinae (grass moths) taking up closely folded postures on grass stems where they are inconspicuous, while other subfamilies includ ...

described by John Frederick Gates Clarke in 1971. It currently comprises 45

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriat ...

in six

genera Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclat ...

Description

Characteristic features of the Lathrotelinae are the undulating wing outline, the absent

chaetosemata This glossary of entomology describes terms used in the formal study of insect species by entomologists. A–C A synthetic chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide, toxic to vertebrates. Though i ...

on the imaginal head, the completely reduced gnathos, and the male genitalia's

aedeagus An aedeagus (plural aedeagi) is a reproductive organ of male arthropods through which they secrete sperm from the testes during copulation with a female. It can be thought of as the insect equivalent of a mammal's penis, though the comparison i ...

with a strongly spiculose "manica" on its posterior end. Lathrotelinae were suggested to be closely related to Acentropinae based on two

synapomorphies In phylogenetics, an apomorphy (or derived trait) is a novel character or character state that has evolved from its ancestral form (or plesiomorphy). A synapomorphy is an apomorphy shared by two or more taxa and is therefore hypothesized to ha ...

in the second

sternum The sternum or breastbone is a long flat bone located in the central part of the chest. It connects to the ribs via cartilage and forms the front of the rib cage, thus helping to protect the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels from injury. Sha ...

of the

abdomen The abdomen (colloquially called the belly, tummy, midriff, tucky or stomach) is the part of the body between the thorax (chest) and pelvis, in humans and in other vertebrates. The abdomen is the front part of the abdominal segment of the to ...

, but a

phylogenetic In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups ...

study of

based on genetic data found the subfamily to be the

sister group In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree. Definition The expression is most easily illustrated by a cladogram: Taxon A and ...

of the

fern A fern (Polypodiopsida or Polypodiophyta ) is a member of a group of vascular plants (plants with xylem and phloem) that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers. The polypodiophytes include all living pteridophytes exce ...

-feeding

Musotiminae Musotiminae is a subfamily of the lepidopteran family Crambidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1884 Genera *'' Aeolopetra'' *'' Albusambia'' *'' Ambia'' (= ''Metathyrida'' , ''Metathyridia'' ) *'' Austromusotima'' *'' Baeoptila'' *'' ...

Food plants

Little is known on the larval stage of Lathrotelinae. The few known larvae feed on

monocotyledon Monocotyledons (), commonly referred to as monocots, ( Lilianae '' sensu'' Chase & Reveal) are grass and grass-like flowering plants (angiosperms), the seeds of which typically contain only one embryonic leaf, or cotyledon. They constitute one ...

plants and are occasionally found as pest species on oil palms and

sugarcane Sugarcane or sugar cane is a species of (often hybrid) tall, perennial grass (in the genus '' Saccharum'', tribe Andropogoneae) that is used for sugar production. The plants are 2–6 m (6–20 ft) tall with stout, jointed, fibrous stalk ...

Systematics

Until recently, Lathrotelinae have been treated within the subfamily

Spilomelinae Spilomelinae is a very species-rich subfamily of the lepidopteran family Crambidae, the crambid snout moths. With 4,135 described species in 344 genera worldwide, it is the most speciose group among pyraloids. Description Imagines – the ad ...

. However, recent studies concluded that ''

Lathroteles obscura ''Lathroteles'' is a monotypic moth genus of the family Crambidae described by John Frederick Gates Clarke in 1971. It contains only one species, ''Lathroteles obscura'' J. F. G. Clarke, 1971, which is found on Rapa Iti in French Polynesia. ...

'' J.F.G Clarke, 1971 and several other species are misplaced in Spilomelinae and require a separate subfamily. According to the

International Code of Zoological Nomenclature The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) is a widely accepted convention in zoology that rules the formal scientific naming of organisms treated as animals. It is also informally known as the ICZN Code, for its publisher, the I ...

Principle of Priority 270px, '' valid name. Priority is a fundamental principle of modern botanical nomenclature and zoological nomenclature. Essentially, it is the principle of recognising the first valid application of a name to a plant or animal. There are two a ...

, the family group name Lathrotelidae J.F.G. Clarke, 1971 applies to this subfamily. The subfamily currently includes the following genera: *''

Acropentias ''Acropentias'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae The Crambidae are the grass moth family of lepidopterans. They are variable in appearance, the nominal subfamily Crambinae (grass moths) taking up closely folded postures on grass st ...

'' Meyrick, 1890 *''

Diplopseustis ''Diplopseustis'' is a genus of snout moths in the subfamily Lathrotelinae of the family Crambidae. It was described in 1884 by Edward Meyrick with ''Cymoriza minima'' Butler, 1881 as its type species, which is now considered a synonym of '' ...

'' Meyrick, 1884 *'' Diplopseustoides'' Guillermet, 2013 *''

Lathroteles ''Lathroteles'' is a monotypic moth genus of the family Crambidae described by John Frederick Gates Clarke in 1971. It contains only one species, ''Lathroteles obscura'' J. F. G. Clarke, 1971, which is found on Rapa Iti in French Polynesia. ...

'' J.F.G. Clarke, 1971 *''

Orthoraphis ''Orthoraphis'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae described by George Hampson in 1896. The genus was recently transferred from the subfamily Spilomelinae to Lathrotelinae Lathrotelinae is a subfamily of the pyraloid family Cramb ...

'' Hampson, 1896 *'' Sufetula'' Walker, 1859

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q21220234 Crambidae