The Last Poets are several groups of poets and musicians who arose from the late 1960s

African-American African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans and Afro-Americans) are an ethnic group consisting of Americans with partial or total ancestry from sub-Saharan Africa. The term "African American" generally denotes descendants of ensl ...

civil rights movement's

black nationalism Black nationalism is a type of racial nationalism or pan-nationalism which espouses the belief that black people are a race, and which seeks to develop and maintain a black racial and national identity. Black nationalist activism revolves aro ...

. The name is taken from a poem by the

South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the Southern Africa, southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by of coastline that stretch along the Atlantic Ocean, South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the ...

n revolutionary poet

Keorapetse Kgositsile Keorapetse William Kgositsile (19 September 1938 – 3 January 2018), also known by his pen name Bra Willie, was a South African Tswana poet, journalist and political activist. An influential member of the African National Congress in the 1960 ...

, who believed he was in the last era of poetry before guns would take over. The original users of that name were the trio of

Abiodun Oyewole Abiodun Oyewole (born Charles Davis, February 1948), is a poet, teacher and member of the African-American music and spoken-word group The Last Poets, which developed into what is considered to be the first hip hop group. Critic Jason Ankeny ...

, Gylan Kain, and David Nelson. The versions of the group led by

Jalaluddin Mansur Nuriddin Jalaluddin Mansur Nuriddin (July 24, 1944 – June 4, 2018) was an American poet and musician. He was one of the founding members of The Last Poets, a group of poets and musicians that evolved in the 1960s out of the Harlem Writers Workshop in ...

and Umar Bin Hassan had the largest impact on popular culture. The Last Poets were one of the earliest influences on hip-hop music. Critic Jason Ankeny wrote: "With their politically charged raps, taut rhythms, and dedication to raising African-American consciousness, the Last Poets almost single-handedly laid the groundwork for the emergence of hip-hop." The

British British may refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories, and Crown Dependencies. ** Britishness, the British identity and common culture * British English, ...

music magazine ''

NME ''New Musical Express'' (''NME'') is a British music, film, gaming, and culture website and brand. Founded as a newspaper in 1952, with the publication being referred to as a 'rock inkie', the NME would become a magazine that ended up as a f ...

'' stated, "Serious spokesmen like Gil Scott-Heron, The Last Poets, and later

Gary Byrd Imhotep Gary Byrd (born March 14, 1949) is an American, New York City-based radio talk show host and executive producer, radio DJ, poet, songwriter, music recording artist and producer, rapper, writer and community advocate/activist. Byrd began h ...

, paved the way for the many socially committed Black mceesa decade later."

History

Origins and 1970s

Jalal Mansur Nuriddin Jalaluddin Mansur Nuriddin (July 24, 1944 – June 4, 2018) was an American poet and musician. He was one of the founding members of The Last Poets, a group of poets and musicians that evolved in the 1960s out of the Harlem Writers Workshop in ...

a.k.a. Alafia Pudim, Umar Bin Hassan, and

, along with poet Sulaiman El-Hadi and percussionist Nilaja Obabi (Raymond "Mac" Hurrey), are generally considered the best-known members of the various lineups. Jalal, Umar, and Nilaja appeared on the group's 1970 self-titled debut LP and follow-up ''This Is Madness''. Nilija then left, and a third poet, Sulaiman El-Hadi, was added. This Jalal-Sulaiman version of the group made six albums together but recorded only sporadically without much promotion after 1977. The

Original Last Poets The Last Poets are several groups of poets and musicians who arose from the late 1960s African-American civil rights movement's black nationalism. The name is taken from a poem by the South African revolutionary poet Keorapetse Kgositsile, who bel ...

were formed on 19 May 1968, the birthday of

Malcolm X Malcolm X (born Malcolm Little, later Malik el-Shabazz; May 19, 1925 – February 21, 1965) was an American Muslim minister and human rights activist who was a prominent figure during the civil rights movement. A spokesman for the Nation of I ...

, at Mount Morris Park (now known as

Marcus Garvey Park Marcus Garvey Park (formerly and also named Mount Morris Park) is a park on the border between the Harlem and East Harlem neighborhoods of Manhattan, New York City. The park, centered on a massive and steep outcropping of schist, interrupts th ...

) in East Harlem, New York City. The original group consisted of Gylan Kain, David Nelson and Abiodun Oyewole. The group coalesced via a 1969

Harlem Harlem is a neighborhood in Upper Manhattan, New York City. It is bounded roughly by the Hudson River on the west; the Harlem River and 155th Street on the north; Fifth Avenue on the east; and Central Park North on the south. The greater Ha ...

writers' workshop known as East Wind. On 24 October that year, the group performed on pioneering New York television program ''

Soul! ''Soul!'' (also stylized in uppercaseC. Gerald Fraser January 30, 1991, ''New York Times''. Accessed online 21 April 2008.) is a performance/ variety television program that showcased African American music, dance and literature in the late 1960s ...

''. The Last Poets contributed "Wake Up, Niggers" to the soundtrack of '' Performance'', a 1970 film featuring

Mick Jagger Sir Michael Philip Jagger (born 26 July 1943) is an English singer and songwriter who has achieved international fame as the lead vocalist and one of the founder members of the rock band the Rolling Stones. His ongoing songwriting partnershi ...

. When Nelson left, he was replaced by Felipe Luciano, who would later leave to establish the

Young Lords The Young Lords, also known as the Young Lords Organization (YLO) or Young Lords Party (YLP), was a Chicago-based street gang that became a civil and human rights organization. The group aims to fight for neighborhood empowerment and self-det ...

. When Kain and Nelson began to pursue other interests (theater and ministry respectively), Abiodun Oyewole "recruited" Alafia Pudim (later known as Jalaluddin Mansur) and Umar bin Hassan. Following the success of the newly refigured Last Poets first album, founding members Kain and Nelson got together with Luciano and recorded their only album ''Right On'' in 1970, the soundtrack to a documentary movie of the same name that finally saw release in 1971. Luciano, Kain, Abiodune Oyewole and Nelson recorded separately as The Original Last Poets, gaining some renown as the soundtrack artists (without Oyewole) of the 1971 film ''Right On!''Following a legal battle between the two groups concerning ownership of the band's name, The ''Right On'' album was released under the group name The Original Last Poets to simultaneously establish the founding members' primacy and distance themselves from the other group of the same name.Article in ''Blues and Soul'' (April 1981) In 1972, they appeared on Black Forum Records album ''Black Spirits - Festival Of New Black Poets In America'' with "And See Her Image In The River" and "Song of Ditla, part II", recorded live at the Apollo Theatre, Harlem, New York. A book of the same name was published by

Random House Random House is an American book publisher and the largest general-interest paperback publisher in the world. The company has several independently managed subsidiaries around the world. It is part of Penguin Random House, which is owned by Germ ...

(1972 - ). Having reached US Top 10 chart success with its debut album, the Last Poets went on to release the follow-up, '' This Is Madness'', without then-incarcerated Abiodun Oyewole. The album featured more politically charged poetry that resulted in the group being listed under the

counter-intelligence Counterintelligence is an activity aimed at protecting an agency's intelligence program from an opposition's intelligence service. It includes gathering information and conducting activities to prevent espionage, sabotage, assassinations or ot ...

program

COINTELPRO COINTELPRO (syllabic abbreviation derived from Counterintelligence, Counter Intelligence Program; 1956–1971) was a series of Covert operation, covert and illegal projects actively conducted by the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation ( ...

during the

Richard Nixon Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913April 22, 1994) was the 37th president of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as a representative and senator from California and was ...

administration. Hassan left the group following ''This Is Madness'' to be replaced by Sulaiman El-Hadi in time for ''Chastisment'' (1972). The album introduced a sound the group called "jazzoetry", leaving behind the spare percussion of the previous albums in favor of a blending of jazz and funk instrumentation with poetry. The music further developed into free-jazz–poetry with Hassan's brief return on

Blue Thumb Blue is one of the three primary colours in the RYB colour model (traditional colour theory), as well as in the RGB (additive) colour model. It lies between violet and cyan on the spectrum of visible light. The eye perceives blue when o ...

album ''At Last'' (1973), as yet the only Last Poets release still unavailable on CD. The remainder of the 1970s saw a decline in the group's popularity in America, although they became quite popular in Europe.

1980s and 1990s

In the 1980s and beyond, however, the group gained renown with the rise of hip-hop music, often being name-checked as grandfathers and founders of the new movement, often citing the Jalaluddin solo project ''Hustler's Convention'' (1973) as their inspiration. Because of this the band was interviewed in the 1986 cult documentary ''

Big Fun In The Big Town ''Big Fun in the Big Town'' is a Dutch music documentary made by the VPRO in 1986. It was directed by Bram van Splunteren and presented by Belgian TV presenter Marcel Vanthilt. The documentary was shot on location in New York City and consisted of ...

''. Nuriddin and El-Hadi worked on several projects under the Last Poets name, working with bassist and producer

Bill Laswell William Otis Laswell (born February 12, 1955) is an American bass guitarist, record producer, and record label owner. He has been involved in thousands of recordings with many collaborators from all over the world. His music draws from funk, ...

, including 1984's ''Oh My People'' and 1988's '' Freedom Express'', and recording the final El Hadi–Nuriddin collaboration, ''Scatterrap/Home'', in 1994. The group, El Hadi, Nuriddin and Hassan, also made a guest appearance in

John Singleton John Daniel Singleton (January 6, 1968 April 28, 2019) was an American director, screenwriter, and producer. He made his feature film debut writing and directing '' Boyz n the Hood'' (1991), for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for ...

's 1993 film ''

Poetic Justice Poetic justice, also called poetic irony, is a literary device with which ultimately virtue is rewarded and misdeeds are punished. In modern literature, it is often accompanied by an ironic twist of fate related to the character's own action, henc ...

''. Prominent Attorney Gregory J Reed reunited Original Poets in NY the same day of Nelson Mandela was released from prison after 27 years and recorded "Poets Live" in Detroit's Orchestra Hall, and produced "The Return of the Original Last Poets Docudrama" Kain, Luciano, Oyewole and Nelson after 20 years in 1990. Sulaiman El-Hadi died in October 1995. Oyewole and Hassan began recording separately under the same name, releasing ''Holy Terror'' in 1995 (re-released on Innerhythmic in 2004) and ''Time Has Come'' in 1997. Meanwhile, Nuriddin released the solo CD's ''On The One'' (1996), ''The Fruits of Rap'' (1997) and ''Science Friction'' (2004) under the abbreviated name "Jalal."

21st century

In 2005, the Last Poets found fame again refreshed through a collaboration where the trio (Umar Bin Hassan) was featured with hip-hop artist Common on the

Kanye West Ye ( ; born Kanye Omari West ; June 8, 1977) is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, record producer, and fashion designer. Born in Atlanta and raised in Chicago, West gained recognition as a producer for Roc-A-Fella Records in the ea ...

-produced song "

The Corner ''The Corner'' is a 2000 HBO drama television miniseries based on the nonfiction book '' The Corner: A Year in the Life of an Inner-City Neighborhood'' (1997) by David Simon and Ed Burns, and adapted for television by David Simon and David Mi ...

," as well as (Abiodun Oyewole) with the

Wu-Tang Clan Wu-Tang Clan is an American hip hop group formed in Staten Island, New York City, in 1992. Its original members include RZA, GZA, Ol' Dirty Bastard, Method Man, Raekwon, Ghostface Killah, Inspectah Deck, U-God, and Masta Killa. Close aff ...

-affiliated political hip-hop group Black Market Militia on the song "The Final Call," stretching overseas to the UK on songs "Organic Liquorice (Natural Woman)", "Voodoocore", and "A Name" with Shaka Amazulu the 7th. The group is also featured on the Nas album ''

Untitled Untitled or (Untitled) may refer to: Artworks * '' Untitled (2004)'', by Banksy * ''Untitled'' (1982 painting), by American artist Jean-Michel Basquiat * ''Untitled'' (Devil), a 1982 painting by American artist Jean-Michel Basquiat * ''Untitled ...

'', on the songs "You Can't Stop Us Now" and "Project Roach." Individual members of the group also collaborated with

DST Daylight saving time (DST), also referred to as daylight savings time or simply daylight time (United States, Canada, and Australia), and summer time (United Kingdom, European Union, and others), is the practice of advancing clocks (typicall ...

on a remake of "Mean Machine",

Public Enemy "Public enemy" is a term which was first widely used in the United States in the 1930s to describe individuals whose activities were seen as criminal and extremely damaging to society, though the phrase had been used for centuries to describe ...

on a remake of "White Man's Got A God Complex" and with

Bristol Bristol () is a city, ceremonial county and unitary authority in England. Situated on the River Avon, it is bordered by the ceremonial counties of Gloucestershire to the north and Somerset to the south. Bristol is the most populous city in ...

-based

post-punk Post-punk (originally called new musick) is a broad music genre, genre of Punk Music, punk music that emerged in the late 1970s as musicians departed from punk's traditional elements and raw simplicity, instead adopting a variety of avant-garde s ...

band

the Pop Group The Pop Group are an English rock band formed in Bristol in 1977 by vocalist Mark Stewart, guitarist John Waddington, bassist Simon Underwood, guitarist/saxophonist Gareth Sager, and drummer Bruce Smith. Their work in the late 1970s crosse ...

. In 2010, Abiodun Oyowele was among the artists featured on the Welfare Poets' produced ''Cruel And Unusual Punishment'', a CD compilation that was made in protest of the death penalty, which also featured some several current positive hip hop artists. In 2004

, a.k.a. Alafia Pudim, a.k.a. Lightning Rod (The Hustlers Convention 1973), collaborated with the UK-based poet Mark T. Watson (a.k.a.

Malik Al Nasir Malik Al Nasir, born Mark Trevor Watson (1966, Liverpool, England) is a British author and performance poet, born to a Welsh mother and a Guyanese father. Malik is the band leader of Malik & the O.G's. Spurred by discovering his striking resem ...

) writing the foreword to Watson's debut poetry collection, ''Ordinary Guy'', published in December 2004 by the

Liverpool Liverpool is a city and metropolitan borough in Merseyside, England. With a population of in 2019, it is the 10th largest English district by population and its metropolitan area is the fifth largest in the United Kingdom, with a populat ...

-based publisher Fore-Word Press. Jalal's foreword was written in rhyme, and was recorded for a collaborative album "Rhythms of the Diaspora (Vol. 1 & 2 - Unreleased) by

's band, Malik & the O.G's featuring Gil Scott-Heron, percussionist

Larry McDonald Lawrence Patton McDonald (April 1, 1935 – September 1, 1983) was an American politician and a member of the United States House of Representatives, representing Georgia's 7th congressional district as a Democrat from 1975 until he was killed ...

, drummers Rod Youngs and Swiss Chris, New York dub poet Ras Tesfa, and a host of young rappers from New York and Washington, D.C. Produced by Malik Al Nasir, and Swiss Chris, the albums ''Rhythms of the Diaspora; Vol. 1 & 2'' are the first of their kind to unite these pioneers of poetry and hip hop with each other. In 2011,

and Umar Bin Hassan performed at The Jazz Cafe in London, in a tribute concert to the late Scott-Heron and all the former Last Poets. In 2014, Nuriddin performed at the same venue with Jazz Warriors, the first live performance in 40 years of the "Hustlers Convention". The event was produced by Fore-Word Press and featured Liverpool poet

with his band Malik & the O.G's featuring Cleveland Watkiss, Orphy Robinson and Tony Remy. The event was filmed as part of a documentary on the "Hustlers Convention" by Manchester film maker Mike Todd and Riverhorse Communications. The executive producer was

's Chuck D. As part of the event

Charly Records Charly Records is a British record label that specialises in reissued material. Among the labels whose original releases are reissued by Charly are Vee-Jay, Sun, Immediate, BYG, Tomato, and Fania. History Charly Records was founded in Fra ...

re-issued a special limited edition of the vinyl version of Hustlers Convention to celebrate their 40th anniversary. The event was MC'd by poet

Lemn Sissay Lemn Sissay FRSL (born 21 May 1967) is a British author and broadcaster. Sissay was the official poet of the 2012 London Olympics, has been chancellor of the University of Manchester since 2015, and joined the Foundling Museum's board of trus ...

and the DJ was Shiftless Shuffle's

Perry Louis Perry, also known as pear cider, is an alcoholic beverage made from fermented pears, traditionally the perry pear. It has been common for centuries in England, particularly in Gloucestershire, Herefordshire, and Worcestershire. It is also made ...

. In 2016,
The Last Poets
' (World Editions, UK), was published. The novel, written by Christine Otte

was originally published in Dutch in 2011, and has now been translated by Jonathan Reeder for English readers. In May 2018, The Last Poets released ''Understand What Black Is'', their first album since 1997. The album featured tributes to late artists Prince (musician), Prince and

Biggie Smalls Christopher George Latore Wallace (May 21, 1972 – March 9, 1997), better known by his stage names the Notorious B.I.G., Biggie Smalls, or simply Biggie, was an American rapper. Rooted in East Coast hip hop and particularly gangsta ...

Discography

Albums

*''

The Last Poets The Last Poets are several groups of poets and musicians who arose from the late 1960s African-American civil rights movement's black nationalism. The name is taken from a poem by the South African revolutionary poet Keorapetse Kgositsile, who bel ...

'' (1970) - Re-issue

Celluloid Records Celluloid Records, a French/American record label, founded by Jean Georgakarakos (sometimes shortened to Jean Karakos) operated from 1976 to 1989 in New York City, and produced a series of eclectic and ground-breaking releases, particularly in the ...

(1984) (Cat No: CELL-6101) :: (Poets: Abiodun Oyewole, Alafia Pudim (a.k.a. Jalaluddin Mansur Nuriddin), & Umar Bin Hassan/Percussionist
Raymond "Nilaja/Obabi" Hurrey
*''The Original Last Poets - Right On Original Soundtrack'' (1971) Juggernaut Records :: (Poets: Felipe Luciano, David Nelson & Gylan Kain) *'' This Is Madness'' (March 1971) Douglas Records Douglas-7 (Cat No: Z-30583) :: (Poets: Alafia Pudim (a.k.a. Jalaluddin Mansur Nuriddin) & Umar Bin Hassan/Percussionist: Raymond "Nilaja/Obabi" Hurrey) *'' Black Spirits - Festival Of New Black Poets In America'' (1972) Black Forum Records B-456-L :: (Poets: Felipe Luciano, David Nelson & Gylan Kain pelt Cain *''Chastisement'' (July 1972) :: (Poets: Alafia Pudim (a.k.a. Jalaluddin Mansur Nuriddin) & Sulaiman El-Hadi/Percussionist: Raymond "Nilaja/Obabi" Hurrey) *'' Hustlers Convention'' (1973) :: (Poet: Lightnin' Rod (a.k.a. Alafia Pudim & Jalaluddin Mansur Nuriddin) *''At Last'' (1973) :: (Poets: Jalaluddin Mansur Nuriddin, Sulaiman El-Hadi, & Umar Bin Hassan) *''Jazzoetry'' (Compilation) album (1976) Douglas Records

Casablanca records Casablanca Records is an American record label owned by Universal Music Group and operated under Republic Records. Under its founder Neil Bogart, Casablanca was most successful during the disco era of the mid to late 1970s. The label current ...

(Cat No: ADLP 6001. - Spoet Publishing - BMI) :: (Poets: Jalaluddin Mansur Nuriddin, Abiodun Oyewole & Umar Bin Hassan) *''Delights of the Garden'' (1977) :: (Poets: Jalaluddin Mansur Nuriddin & Sulaiman El-Hadi) *''Oh My People'' (1984) :: (Poets: Sulaiman El-Hadi & Jalaluddin Mansur Nuriddin) *''This Is Madness (Re-issue)'' (1984) (

) :: (Poets: Alafia Pudim, Umar Bin Hassen; Percussion: Raymond "Nilija/Obabi" Hurrey) *''Freedom Express'' (1988) :: (Poets: Sulaiman El-Hadi & Jalaluddin Mansur Nuriddin) *''Retro Fit'' (Compilation) (1992) :: (Poets: Sulaiman & Jalaluddin Mansur Nuriddin) *'' Holy Terror'' (1993) :: (Poets: Abiodun Oyewole & Umar Bin Hassan) *''Scatterap / Home'' (1994) :: (Poets: Sulaiman El-Hadi & Jalaluddin Mansur Nuriddin) *''Time Has Come'' (Mouth Almighty Records 1997) :: (Poets: Abiodun Oyewole & Umar Bin Hassan) *''The Prime Time Rhyme of The Last Poets - Best Of Vol. 1'' (1999) On The One Records (Cat No: SPOA-21LP) :: (Poets: Sulaiman El-Hadi & Jalaluddin Mansur Nuriddin) *''The Prime Time Rhyme of The Last Poets - Best Of Vol. 2'' (1999) On The One Records :: (Poets: Sulaiman El-Hadi & Jalaluddin Mansur Nuriddin) *''Understand What Black Is'' (2018) :: (Poets: Abiodun Oyewole & Umar Bin Hassan) *''Transcending Toxic Times'' (2019) :: (Poets: Abiodun Oyewole & Umar Bin Hassan & Baba Donn Babatunde)

Appearances

*''American Sahara'' - SmCity, " Dream Cemetery" (2013) *''Hip-Hop samit sharma Docktrine - The Official

Boondocks The boondocks is an American expression from the Tagalog (Filipino) word ''bundók'' ("mountain"). It originally referred to a remote rural area, but now, is often applied to an out-of-the-way area considered backward and unsophisticated by c ...

Mixtape'' (2006) *''Rhythms of the Diaspora Vol. 1 & 2 Featuring Gil Scott-Heron & The Last Poets (album), Rhythms of the Diaspora Vol. 1 & 2'' (2015) Mentis Records. ::(Poets: Jalaluddin Mansur Nuriddin,

, Ras Tesfa, Gil Scott-Heron) *''The Corner'' - Common, "Be" (2005) *''Project Roach'' & ''You Can't Stop Us Now'' - Nas, "Untitled" (2008) *''Made in Amerikkka'' - Reuniting The Last Poets (2008) *''Poetic Justice (1993) *''Excursions'' - A Tribe Called Quest, " The Low End Theory" (1991) *''Discipline 99 Pt. 0'' -

Quasimoto Quasimoto is a side project of hip hop producer Madlib, from Oxnard, California. Quasimoto is composed of Madlib and his animated alter ego Lord Quas. Lord Quas is known for his high-pitched voice, which often interacts with Madlib's regular voic ...

, " The Unseen" (2000) *''Return of The Last Poets 1990 Original Founding members,Kain,Lupe,Abiodune and Nelson

Bibliography

*''Vibes from the Scribes'' - Pluto Press, 1985 *''On a Mission'' - Henry Holt Pub., 1996

Filmography

*1970 - "Tamu". Directed by Larry Clark. - "Two Little Boys" included in soundtrack. Los Angeles, California, 1970 *1971
Right On!
': Poetry on Film'' (Original Last Poets). Directed by Herbert Danska. *2008 - ''The Last Poets, made in Amerikkka'' (réalisation: Claude Santiago. France, 2008. www.lahuit.com). *2004 - ''Word-Up!: From Ghetto to Mecca'' Jalal Mansur Nuriddin, Gil Scott-Heron, Malik Al Nasir, Benjamin Zephaniah. Directed by Shirani Sabaratnam. Liverpool, UK *2014 - ''Hustlers Convention'' (Feature Documentary Film) Jalal Mansur Nuriddin, Chuck D,

, Ice-T,

Immortal Technique Felipe Andres Coronel (born February 19, 1978), better known by the stage name Immortal Technique, is an American rapper. Most of his lyrics focus on controversial issues in global politics, from a radical left-wing perspective. Immortal Techn ...

Alan Douglas (record producer) Alan Douglas Rubenstein Richard Williamsbr>"Alan Douglas obituary" ''The Guardian'', 18 June 2014 (July 20, 1931 – June 7, 2014) was an American record producer from Boston, who worked with Jimi Hendrix, Miles Davis, John McLaughlin, Lenny Bru ...

Sonia Sanchez Sonia Sanchez (born Wilsonia Benita Driver; September 9, 1934) is an American poet, writer, and professor. She was a leading figure in the Black Arts Movement and has written over a dozen books of poetry, as well as short stories, critical essays ...

Melle Mel Melvin Glover (born May 15, 1961 in The Bronx), better known by his stage name Grandmaster Melle Mel (or simply Melle Mel) () is an American hip hop recording artist who was the lead vocalist and songwriter of Grandmaster Flash and the Furio ...

Fab Five Freddy Fred Brathwaite (born August 31, 1959), more popularly known as Fab 5 Freddy, is an American visual artist, filmmaker, and hip hop pioneer. He is considered one of the architects of the street art movement. Freddy emerged in New York's downtown ...

Directed by Mike Todd. Manchester, UK *1990-" The Return of Original members of Last Poets Docudrama after 20 years of separation producer atty Gregory J Reed

References

External links

Interview with The Last Poets in November 2008, World Tracks, Radio France International

Jalal Mansur Nuriddin's website

Umar Bin Hassan's website

Last Poets Tribute album at Jambetta Music
*
The Last Poets' page at Celluloid Records
{{DEFAULTSORT:Last Poets, The American spoken word poets African-American poets American poets Musical groups established in 1968 Mercury Records artists Blue Thumb Records artists Poets from New York (state) 1968 establishments in New York City