Lansquenet

Lansquenet is a banking game played with cards, named after the French spelling of the German word Landsknecht ('servant of the land or country'), which refers to 15th- and 16th-century German mercenary foot soldiers; the lansquenet drum is a type of field drum used by these soldiers. It is recorded as early as 1534 by François Rabelais in ''Gargantua and Pantagruel''.

Cards

Lansquenet is played with an Italian pack of 40 cards.

Game play

The dealer or banker stakes a certain sum, and this must be met by the nearest to the dealer first, and so on. When the stake is met, the dealer turns up one card and lays it to his right, for the table or the players, and another card in front of himself for the bank. He then keeps on turning up cards (while keeping the first two cards visible), until a card turns up with a value matching either of the first two cards. For instance, if the five of diamonds has been laid down for the bank, then any other five, regardless of suit, constitutes a win for the banker. If the table's card is matched first, he loses, and the next player on the left becomes banker and proceeds in the same way.

When the dealer's card turns up, he may take the stake and pass the bank; or he may allow the stake to remain, whereupon it becomes doubled if met. He can continue thus as long as the cards turn up in his favour – having the option at any moment of giving up the bank and retiring for that time. If he does that, the player to whom he passes the bank has the option of continuing it at the same amount at which it was left. The pool may be made up by contributions of all the players in certain proportions. The terms used respecting the standing of the stake are "I'll see" (''à moi le tout'') and ''Je tiens''. When ''jumelle'' (twins), or the turning up of similar cards on both sides, occurs, then the dealer takes half the stake.

Robert-Houdin explained a mechanism by which a card sharp could cheat at lansquenet, by palming and then placing atop the deck a packet of cards in prepared order.Jean Eugène Robert-Houdin
''Les tricheries des Grecs dévoilées: l'art de gagner à tous les jeux.''
Librarie Nouvelle: Paris, 1861. Pages 285–287.

Cultural references

Lansquenet is listed by Francois Rabelais in Gargantua in 1534.

Lansquenet is played by Porthos in the Alexandre Dumas novel ''The Three Musketeers''.

Lansquenet is played by D'Artagnan in the Alexandre Dumas novel ''Twenty Years After''.

Lucien Debray imagines Baroness Danglers might occupy herself with lansquenet in the Alexandre Dumas novel '' The Count of Monte Cristo''.

Lansquenet is played by various characters in the Pierre Choderlos de Laclos novel ''Les Liaisons dangereuses''.

A game in '' Le financier et le savetier'' (1856) by Offenbach enables the cobbler to win the hand of the financier's daughter.

Mentioned briefly in the novel ''A Rebours'' by Joris-Karl Huysmans.

Mentioned briefly in the novel ''The General in his Labyrinth'' by Gabriel García Márquez.

Lansquenet is played by two soldiers on a stone bench under an enclosed poplar as mentioned in Kinbote's note to line 130 in ''Pale Fire'' by Vladimir Nabokov.

Lansquenet is played by Fatima and her family in Charles Perrault's Bluebeard.

'' Lansquenet-sous-Tannes'' is a fictional village in Joanne Harris' novel '' Chocolat''.

Mentioned briefly in the novel '' After the Funeral'' by Agatha Christie as a disliked absentee husband.

Lansquenet is mentioned in ''The Prague Cemetery'' by Umberto Eco.

The game is mentioned in several of Georgette Heyer's historical novels. For example, in Chapter Thirteen of "The Masqueraders".

Lansquenet is played in the novel "The Luck of Barry Lyndon" by William Makepeace Thackeray.

Lanquenet is played by the protagonist in the 2022 video game Pentiment.

Notes

Sources

*Steinmetz, Andrew
''The Gaming Table: Its Votaries and Victims, In All Times and Countries, especially in England and France''
Tinsley Brothers, 1870.

External links

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{{Banking games
16th-century gambling games
Banking games