The was a diplomatic note signed in Washington between the

United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country Continental United States, primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 U.S. state, states, a Washington, D.C., ...

and the

Empire of Japan The also known as the Japanese Empire or Imperial Japan, was a historical nation-state and great power that existed from the Meiji Restoration in 1868 until the enactment of the post-World War II 1947 constitution and subsequent form ...

on 2 November 1917 over their disputes with regards to

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, most populous country, with a Population of China, population exceeding 1.4 billion, slig ...

. Both parties agreed to respect the independence and territorial integrity of China and to follow the principle of equal opportunity for commerce and industry in that country. The United States recognized Japan had special interests in certain areas, especially

Manchuria Manchuria is an exonym (derived from the endo demonym " Manchu") for a historical and geographic region in Northeast Asia encompassing the entirety of present-day Northeast China (Inner Manchuria) and parts of the Russian Far East (Outer M ...

. The Chinese objected to the agreement and it was abrogated in 1923. In a secret protocol, which was attached to the public agreement, both parties agreed not to take advantage of the special opportunities presented by

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll, one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, ...

to seek special rights or privileges in China at the expense of other nations that had been allied in the war effort against Germany. At the time, the Lansing–Ishii Agreement was touted as evidence that Japan and the United States had laid to rest their increasingly-acrimonious rivalry over China, and the agreement was hailed as a landmark in Japanese–American relations. However, critics soon realized that the vagueness and the differing possible interpretations of the agreement meant that nothing had really been decided after two months of talks. The agreement was abrogated in April 1923, when it was replaced by the Nine-Power Treaty. For the Japanese, the Lansing–Ishii Agreement, which acknowledged Tokyo's special interests in part of China and recognized that Japan could not easily be ignored in international affairs.Walker, ''National Security and Core Values in American History'', page 78

References

* * * * Vinson, J. Chal. "The Annulment of the Lansing-Ishii Agreement." ''Pacific Historical Review'' (1958): 57-69
Online
* Young, C. Walter. ''The International Legal Status Of The Kwantung Leased Territory'' (1931
online

External links

– Containing full public text of the Agreement

Notes

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lansing-Ishii Agreement 1917 in the United States 1917 in Japan Japan–United States treaties China–Japan relations Treaties concluded in 1917 Treaties of the Empire of Japan

See also

References

External links

Notes