Lampshade spiders, family Hypochilidae, are among the most primitive of

araneomorph The Araneomorphae (also called the Labidognatha) are an infraorder of spiders. They are distinguishable by chelicerae (fangs) that point diagonally forward and cross in a pinching action, in contrast to the Mygalomorphae (tarantulas and their ...

spider Spiders ( order Araneae) are air-breathing arthropods that have eight legs, chelicerae with fangs generally able to inject venom, and spinnerets that extrude silk. They are the largest order of arachnids and rank seventh in total species ...

s. There are two genera and twelve

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...

currently recognized. Like

mygalomorph The Mygalomorphae, or mygalomorphs, are an infraorder of spiders, and comprise one of three major groups of living spiders with over 3000 species, found on all continents except Antarctica. Many members are known as trapdoor spiders due to t ...

s, most hypochilids have two pairs of

book lungs A book lung is a type of respiration organ used for atmospheric gas exchange that is present in many arachnids, such as scorpions and spiders. Each of these organs is located inside an open ventral abdominal, air-filled cavity (atrium) and con ...

, but like araneomorphs they have intersecting fangs, with the exception of some species which have chelicerae in an angle that is neither orthognathous or labidognathous. These long-legged spiders build typical "lampshade" style webs under overhangs and in caves. In the

United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territori ...

the fauna is primarily associated with the Appalachian,

Rocky ''Rocky'' is a 1976 American sports drama film directed by John G. Avildsen and written by and starring Sylvester Stallone. It is the first installment in the ''Rocky'' franchise and stars Talia Shire, Burt Young, Carl Weathers, and Burge ...

and

California California is a state in the Western United States, located along the Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the most populous U.S. state and the 3rd largest by area. It is also the m ...

Mountains. Ten of the known species are found in these ranges, all in the genus ''Hypochilus''. The genus ''Ectatosticta'' is found in China. In one analysis, the Hypochilidae are a sister clade to the Neocribellatae, which contains all other spider species in the

Araneomorphae The Araneomorphae (also called the Labidognatha) are an infraorder of spiders. They are distinguishable by chelicerae (fangs) that point diagonally forward and cross in a pinching action, in contrast to the Mygalomorphae (tarantulas and their ...

(Coddington & Levi, 1991, p. 576). A more recent study groups them with the

Haplogynae The Haplogynae or haplogynes are one of the two main groups into which araneomorph spiders have traditionally been divided, the other being the Entelegynae. Morphological phylogenetic studies suggested that the Haplogynae formed a clade; more recen ...

. , p. 1766.

Species

'' Ectatosticta''

Simon Simon may refer to: People * Simon (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters with the given name Simon * Simon (surname), including a list of people with the surname Simon * Eugène Simon, French naturalist and the genus ...

, 1892 – China * '' Ectatosticta davidi'' (Simon, 1889) * '' Ectatosticta deltshevi'' Platnick & Jäger, 2009 ''

Hypochilus ''Hypochilus'' is a genus of North American lampshade spiders that was first described by George Marx in 1888. Species it contains ten species, all found in the United States: *'' Hypochilus bernardino'' Catley, 1994 – USA *'' Hypochilus bon ...

'' Marx, 1888 – US * ''

Hypochilus bernardino ''Hypochilus'' is a genus of North American lampshade spiders that was first described by George Marx in 1888. Species it contains ten species, all found in the United States: *'' Hypochilus bernardino'' Catley, 1994 – USA *''Hypochilus bonn ...

'' Catley, 1994 * ''

Hypochilus bonneti ''Hypochilus bonneti'' is a species of lampshade weaver in the spider family Hypochilidae Lampshade spiders, family Hypochilidae, are among the most primitive of araneomorph spiders. There are two genera and twelve species currently recognized ...

'' Gertsch, 1964 * ''

Hypochilus coylei ''Hypochilus coylei'' is a species of lampshade weaver in the family of spiders known as Hypochilidae Lampshade spiders, family Hypochilidae, are among the most primitive of araneomorph spiders. There are two genera and twelve species current ...

'' Platnick, 1987 * ''

Hypochilus gertschi ''Hypochilus gertschi'', or Gertsch's lampshade-web spider, is a species of lampshade weaver in the family Hypochilidae Lampshade spiders, family Hypochilidae, are among the most primitive of araneomorph spiders. There are two genera and twelv ...

'' Hoffman, 1963 * ''

Hypochilus jemez ''Hypochilus'' is a genus of North American lampshade spiders that was first described by George Marx in 1888. Species it contains ten species, all found in the United States: *'' Hypochilus bernardino'' Catley, 1994 – USA *'' Hypochilus bon ...

'' Catley, 1994 * ''

Hypochilus kastoni ''Hypochilus'' is a genus of North American lampshade spiders that was first described by George Marx in 1888. Species it contains ten species, all found in the United States: *'' Hypochilus bernardino'' Catley, 1994 – USA *'' Hypochilus bon ...

'' Platnick, 1987 * ''

Hypochilus petrunkevitchi ''Hypochilus'' is a genus of North American lampshade spiders that was first described by George Marx in 1888. Species it contains ten species, all found in the United States: *'' Hypochilus bernardino'' Catley, 1994 – USA *'' Hypochilus bon ...

'' Gertsch, 1958 * ''

Hypochilus pococki ''Hypochilus pococki'', or Pocock's lampshade-web spider, is a species of lampshade weaver in the family Hypochilidae Lampshade spiders, family Hypochilidae, are among the most primitive of araneomorph spiders. There are two genera and twelve ...

'' Platnick, 1987 * '' Hypochilus sheari'' Platnick, 1987 * ''

Hypochilus thorelli ''Hypochilus thorelli'' is a species of spider in the family Hypochilidae. Unlike almost all other araneomorph or "true" spiders, members of the family have four book lungs. They are often called "lampshade spiders" because of the shape of their ...

'' Marx, 1888

References

* *

External links

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lampshade Spider Cave spiders Hypochilidae Spiders of North America Spiders of China

Species

See also

References

Further reading

External links