Lưu Hữu Phước
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Lưu Hữu Phước (12 September 1921 in Cần Thơ, Cochinchina – 8 June 1989 in Hồ Chí Minh City, Vietnam) was a Vietnamese composer, a member of the National Assembly, and Chairman of the Committee of Culture and Education of the National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Lưu Hữu Phước, together with Mai Văn Bộ and Huỳnh Văn Tiểng, were the members of the famous composer trio Hoàng–Mai–Lưu, known with the common pseudonym Huỳnh Minh Siêng. He was most notably the author of two South Vietnamese
national anthems Most nation states have an anthem, defined as "a song, as of praise, devotion, or patriotism"; most anthems are either marches or hymns in style. A song or hymn can become a national anthem under the state's constitution, by a law enacted by it ...
: '' Giải phóng miền Nam (Liberate the South)'' of the
Việt Cộng , , war = the Vietnam War , image = FNL Flag.svg , caption = The flag of the Viet Cong, adopted in 1960, is a variation on the flag of North Vietnam. Sometimes the lower stripe was green. , active ...
-led Provisional Revolutionary Government and '' Tiếng gọi thanh niên (March of the Youths),'' whose lyrics was later changed to become ''Tiếng gọi công dân (March of the Citizens)'' and used as anthem by the State of Vietnam and the
Republic of Vietnam South Vietnam, officially the Republic of Vietnam ( vi, Việt Nam Cộng hòa), was a state in Southeast Asia that existed from 1955 to 1975, the period when the southern portion of Vietnam was a member of the Western Bloc during part of t ...
despite his protest.


Youth and pre-1945 activities

Lưu Hữu Phước was born on 12 September 1921 in district Ô Môn, proivince Cần Thơ (now belong to Cần Thơ city). He accessed music literature during his childhood and managed to practice several instruments including
Đàn nguyệt The đàn nguyệt ( "moon lute") also called nguyệt cầm, đàn kìm, is a two-stringed Vietnamese traditional musical instrument.The Garland handbook of Southeast Asian music - Page 262 Terry E. Miller, Sean Williams - 2008 "This lute is th ...
, mandolin, and guitar.Những đóng góp của nhạc sĩ Lưu Hữu Phước cho nền âm nhạc cách mạng Việt Nam
/ref> Lưu Hữu Phước attend the Petrus Ký highschool in Saigon (now is the Lê Hồng Phong High School for the Gifted) in about 1935. He met Mai Văn Bộ and Huỳnh Văn Tiểng and they quickly became closes friends. They were later known as "the trio of Hoàng–Mai–Lưu" and collaborated in many music projects. Together, they created a "Scholar Club" consisted of Vietnamese patriotic students. In 1939, Lưu Hữu Phước compose the music of '' La Marche des Étudiants'' with the French lyrics by Mai Văn Bộ. The song was quickly approved as the anthem of Scholar Club.Ngôi sao ba cánh của văn chương Nam Bộ
/ref> The song was later known as ''Tiếng gọi thanh niên'' (Call of the Youths). After finishing highschool, Lưu Hữu Phước moved to Hanoi to attend the Medicine School of Indochina University from 1940 to 1944. He actively participated in the patriotic student movement and made contacts with
Viet Minh The Việt Minh (; abbreviated from , chữ Nôm and Hán tự: ; french: Ligue pour l'indépendance du Viêt Nam, ) was a national independence coalition formed at Pác Bó by Hồ Chí Minh on 19 May 1941. Also known as the Việt Minh Fro ...
. During this time he compose many famous patriotic song including ''Bạch Đằng Giang'' (Bạch Đằng River), ''Ải Chi Lăng'' (Gate of
Chi Lăng Chi or CHI may refer to: Greek *Chi (letter), the Greek letter (uppercase Χ, lowercase χ); Chinese * ''Chi'' (length) (尺), a traditional unit of length, about ⅓ meter *Chi (mythology) (螭), a dragon * Chi (surname) (池, pinyin: ''chí' ...
), ''Hát giang trường hận'' ("Long Hatred on River Hát", later revised as ''Hồn tử sĩ'', "Soul of the Matyred Soldier"), and ''Hội nghị Diên Hồng'' (Diên Hồng assembly). His song ''La Marche des Étudiant'' was performed in 1943 Hùng Kings' Festival and quickly became famous. Lưu Hữu Phước also wrote a play named ''Tục luỵ'' (''Suffering'') performed on 21 March 1943 at the Hanoi Grand Theatre.Lưu Hữu Phước: Hành khúc và tình khúc
/ref> On 1944, under the instruction of Viet Minh, Lưu Hữu Phước took part in campaign calling Vietnamese student to left the academic life for patriotic movement. He collaborated with his closed friend Huỳnh Văn Tiểng, Mai Văn Bộ and Đặng Ngọc Tốt to compose the songs ''Xếp bút nghiên'' (Put away the penmanship), ''Mau về Nam'' (Quickly go to the South), and ''Gieo ánh sáng'' (Sowing the Light).


After 1945

After the 1945 August Revolution, Lưu Hữu Phước continued to work for revolutionary government. He met president
Ho Chi Minh (: ; born ; 19 May 1890 – 2 September 1969), commonly known as (' Uncle Hồ'), also known as ('President Hồ'), (' Old father of the people') and by other aliases, was a Vietnamese revolutionary and statesman. He served as P ...
at the 1st National Assembly in 1946. The French invaded the southern part of Vietnam not long after the Revolution. Lưu Hữu Phước then took part in propaganda works as Director of Publishing House of the South. In May 1946, Lưu Hữu Phước traveled back to Hanoi and participate in the establishment of Central Music Academy in September. The
First Indochina War The First Indochina War (generally known as the Indochina War in France, and as the Anti-French Resistance War in Vietnam) began in French Indochina from 19 December 1946 to 20 July 1954 between France and Việt Minh (Democratic Republic of Vi ...
began in December 1946, Lưu Hữu Phước and other patriotic artists evacuated to
Việt Bắc Việt Bắc (''Northern Vietnam'') is a region of Vietnam north of Hanoi that served as the Việt Minh's base of support during the First Indochina War (1946–1954). Việt Bắc is also called the capital of northernmost Vietnam because this a ...
together with Vietnamese government. Then he was tasked with the establishment of "Vanguard Propaganda Young Pioneer" (later known as Resistant Young Pioneer's Musical Theatre of the Central Music Academy) who performed several of his notable plays. Lưu Hữu Phước was also tasked with the establishment became the Director of Art School for Children in 1950. During this time, Lưu Hữu Phước composed some famous music including ''Ca ngợi Hồ Chủ tịch'' (Song for Praising President Ho Chi Minh), ''Khúc khải hoàn'' (Triumph Song), ''Thiếu nhi thế giới liên hoan'' (International Children Festival), ''Nông dân vươn mình'' (The age of twenty), ''Henri Martin'', ''Em yêu chị Rây-mông'' (I love elder sister Raymond), ''Cả cuộc đời về ta'' (All the life belong to us), etc. The
Vietnam War The Vietnam War (also known by other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vietnam a ...
(1955–1975) happened soon after the French defeat in Indochina War. From 1954 to 1964, Lưu Hữu Phước was recalled to North Vietnam and was appointed as the Director of the Music and Dancing Research Group (belong to Department of Arts), then the Director of the Department of Music and Dancing, and member of the Standing Committee of Vietnam Union of Literature and Arts Associations and the Secretariat of Vietnam Union of Musician. He made significant contribution in Vietnamese folk song researches, especially about
quan họ ''Quan họ'' () singing is a Vietnamese folk music style characterized both by its antiphonal nature, with alternating groups of female and male singers issuing musical challenges and responses. Quan họ is common in rituals and festivals, and a ...
. He participate in the establishment of Vietnam Music School (now is
Vietnam National Academy of Music The Vietnam National Academy of Music ( vi, Học viện Âm nhạc Quốc gia Việt Nam), formerly the Hanoi Conservatory of Music, is the major classical and traditional music teaching institution in Vietnam. History Originally established in 1 ...
), Dancing School, Movie and Stage School, and Vietnam Symphony Theatre of Opera and Ballet.Những đóng góp của nhạc sĩ Lưu Hữu Phước cho nền âm nhạc cách mạng Việt Nam
Đảng bộ Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh, 11-09-2021
Lưu Hữu Phước traveled to South Vietnam on Feb 1965 and was appointed as the Chairman of
Arts and Literature Association of the National Liberation Front The arts are a very wide range of human practices of creative expression, storytelling and cultural participation. They encompass multiple diverse and plural modes of thinking, doing and being, in an extremely broad range of media. Both hi ...
. When the
Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam The Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam (PRG, vi, Chính phủ Cách mạng Lâm thời Cộng hòa Miền Nam Việt Nam), was formed on June 8, 1969, by North Vietnam as a purportedly independent shadow gover ...
was established in 1969, he was appointed as the Minister of Culture and Information. He composed several songs during this time, including ''Dưới cờ Đảng vẻ vang'' (Under the Party Flag), ''Bài hát Giải phóng quân'' (Song of the Liberation Army), ''Tình Bác sáng đời ta'' (Uncle Ho's love enlightens our life), ''Hành khúc giải phóng'' (Liberation march), ''Xuống đường'' (To the street). Especially, Lưu Hữu Phước together with his famous collaborators Mai Văn Bộ and Huỳnh Văn Tiểng composed the song '' Giải phóng miền Nam'' (Liberate the South), the national anthem of the communist-led Republic of South Vietnam. And his song ''Tiến về Sài Gòn'' (March on Saigon) was later adopted by Vietnamese film ' (Liberate Saigon) from 2005. The war ended in 1975. Lưu Hữu Phước was then appointed as the Director of Music Research Institute in 1978. He became a
Professor Professor (commonly abbreviated as Prof.) is an academic rank at universities and other post-secondary education and research institutions in most countries. Literally, ''professor'' derives from Latin as a "person who professes". Professors ...
and Corresponding Member of East Germany's Academy of Arts. He was appointed as the Chairman of National Music Council, Member of the International Music Council, and Director of National Assembly Committee of Culture and Education, Member of Central Committee of National Front of Vietnam, Vice-chairman of the Presidency of the Central Committee of the Vietnam Union of Literature and Arts Associations. Lưu Hữu Phước died on 8 June 1989 at Ho Chi Minh City.


Works

*''Tiếng Gọi Thanh Niên'' (A Call to Youth), 1939 *''Bạch Đằng Giang'' (Bạch Đằng River) *''Ải Chi Lăng'' (Gate of Chi Lăng) *''Tục luỵ'' (Suffering) *''Hát Giang trường hận'' (Long Hatred on River Hát), 1942–1943 *''Xếp bút nghiên'' (Put away the penmanship), 1944 *''Mau về Nam'' (Quickly go to the South), 1944 *''Gieo ánh sáng'' (Sowing the Light), 1944 *''Hội nghị Diên Hồng'' (Diên Hồng assembly) *''Khúc khải hoàn'' (Triumph Song), 1945 *''Hồn tử sĩ'' (Soul of the Matyred Soldier), 1946 *''Ca ngợi Hồ chủ tịch'' (Song for Praising President Ho Chi Minh), 1947 *''Dưới cờ Đảng vẻ vang'' (Under the Party Flag) *''Bài hát Giải phóng quân'' (Song of the Liberation Army) *''Tình Bác sáng đời ta'' (Uncle Ho's love enlightens our life) *''Hành khúc giải phóng'' (Liberation march) *''Xuống đường'' (To the street) *'' Giải phóng miền Nam'' (Liberate the South), 1961 *''Tiến về Sài Gòn'' (March on Saigon), 1966 *Opera – ''Bông Sen'' (Lotus), 1968


Honor

The Lưu Hữu Phước Park () in
Cần Thơ Cần Thơ, also written as Can Tho or Cantho (: , : ), is the fourth-largest city in Vietnam, and the largest city along the Mekong Delta region in Vietnam. It is noted for its floating markets, rice paper-making village, and picturesque r ...
is built in honor of him.


References


External links


Lưu Hữu Phước
{{DEFAULTSORT:Luu, Huu Phuoc People from Cần Thơ Vietnamese composers 1921 births 1989 deaths Ho Chi Minh Prize recipients 20th-century composers National anthem writers Left-wing nationalism