Krasnyi Yar is an eneolithic site of the Botai culture in

Kazakhstan Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country located mainly in Central Asia and partly in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the north and west, China to the east, Kyrgyzstan to the southeast, Uzbeki ...

. This large site is significant for the early use of horses there. Horse meat was eaten, but horses were also kept as livestock. Evidence from the presence of curved rows of postholes (indicative of fencing) and nitrogen and phosphates in the enclosed areas indicate a corral. The only livestock bones found at the site were from horses, so the inference by the researchers is that horses were held in corrals at the site. Horse-bone tools indicate leather production, suggesting

horse tack Tack is equipment or accessories equipped on horses and other equines in the course of their use as domesticated animals. This equipment includes such items as saddles, stirrups, bridles, halters, reins, bits, and harnesses. Equipping a hors ...

. Botai sites have been found to have mare's milk residue in vessels and to have horses with tooth-wear interpreted as having been caused by using a bit for riding or traction.Outram, Alan K., Natalie A. Stear, Robin Bendrey, Sandra Olsen, Alexei Kasparov, Victor Zailbert, Nick Thorpe, and Richard P. Evershed, 2009 "The Earliest Horse Harnessing and Milking," Science 323: 1332-1335

References

Archaeology of Kazakhstan Archaeological sites in Kazakhstan {{Asia-archaeology-stub