Kochi
Kochi ([koˈtʃːi ] ( listen)), also known as Cochin
(/ˈkoʊtʃɪn/ KOH-chin), is a major port city on the south-west
coast of
India
.jpg/580px-Renumbered_National_Highways_map_of_India_(Schematic).jpg)
India bordering the Laccadive Sea. It is part of the district
of
Ernakulam
Ernakulam in the state of
Kerala
Kerala and is often referred to as
Ernakulam. The city has a corporation limit population of 612,343,[8]
and a metropolitan population of 2.1 million, making it the largest
urban agglomeration in Kerala.
Kochi
Kochi city is also part of the Greater
Cochin region[9][10] and is classified as a Tier-II city by the
Government of India. The civic body that governs the city is the Kochi
Municipal Corporation, which was constituted in the year 1967, and the
statutory bodies that oversee its development are the Greater Cochin
Development Authority[11] (GCDA) and the Goshree Islands Development
Authority (GIDA).[12]
Called the Queen of the Arabian Sea,
Kochi
Kochi was an important spice
trading centre on the west coast of
India
India from the 14th century
onward, and maintained a trade network with Arab merchants from the
pre-Islamic era. Occupied by the Portuguese in 1503,
Kochi
Kochi was the
first of the European colonies in colonial India. It remained the main
seat of Portuguese
India
India until 1530, when
Goa
Goa was chosen instead. The
city was later occupied by the Dutch and the British, with the Kingdom
of Cochin becoming a princely state.
Kochi
Kochi ranks first in the total
number of international and domestic tourist arrivals in
Kerala.[13][14]
Kochi
Kochi has been ranked the sixth best tourist
destination in
India
India according to a survey conducted by the Nielsen
Company on behalf of the Outlook Traveller magazine.[15]
Kochi
Kochi was one
of the 28 Indian cities among the emerging 440 global cities that will
contribute 50% of the world GDP by the year 2025, in a 2011 study done
by the McKinsey Global Institute.[16]
Kochi
Kochi is known as the financial,[17][18] commercial[19][20] and
industrial[21][22] capital of Kerala. It is the home to Southern Naval
Command of the
Indian Navy
Indian Navy and the state headquarters[23][24] of the
Indian Coast Guard
Indian Coast Guard with an attached air squadron, named Air Squadron
747.[25] Commercial maritime facilities of the city include the Port
of Kochi, an International Container Transshipment Terminal, the
Cochin Shipyard, offshore SPM of the BPCL
Kochi
Kochi Refinery[26] and the
Kochi
Kochi Marina.
Kochi
Kochi is also home for the Cochin Stock Exchange,
International Pepper Exchange, companies like HMT, Cyber City, Kinfra
Hi-Tech Park, chemical companies like the FACT, TCC, IREL, Petronet
LNG, Merchem, HOCL[27] and
Kochi
Kochi Refineries, electrical companies like
TELK,[28] and industrial parks like the Cochin
Special
Special Economic Zone,
Smart City and Infopark.
Kochi
Kochi is home for the High Court of Kerala
and Lakshadweep, Naval physical and oceanographic laboratory (NPOL),
Indian Maritime University, Sree sankara Sanskrit University and the
Cochin University
Cochin University of Science and Technology.
Kochi
Kochi is also home to
Kerala's National Law School, The National University of Advanced
Legal Studies.
Kochi
Kochi has been hosting India's first art biennale, the
Kochi-
Muziris
Muziris Biennale, since 2012, which attracts international
artists and tourists.[29]
Contents
1 Etymology
2 History
3 Geography and climate
3.1 Geography
3.2 Climate
4 Civic administration
4.1 Law and order
4.2 Politics
5 Economy
6 Transport
6.1 Air
6.2 Road
6.3 Public transport
6.3.1 Road
6.3.2 Rail
6.3.3 Metro
6.3.4 Water
7 Demographics
8 Culture
9 Healthcare
10 Education
10.1 Secondary education
10.2 Higher education
11 Social service organisations
12 Media
13 Sports
14 Navy
15 Sister cities
16 See also
17 References
18 Further reading
19 External links
Etymology
Ancient travellers and tradesmen referred to Kochi, variously alluding
to it as Cocym, Cochym, Cochin, and Kochi.[30] The Cochin Jewish
community called Cochin as Kogin (קוגין), which is seen in the
seal of the synagogue[31] owned by the community. The origin of the
name "Kochi" is thought to be from the
Malayalam
Malayalam word kochu azhi,
meaning 'small lagoon'. Yet another theory is that
Kochi
Kochi is derived
from the word Kaci, meaning "harbour".[32] Accounts by Italian
explorers Nicolo Conti (15th century), and Fra Paoline in the 17th
century say that it was called Kochchi, named after the river
connecting the backwaters to the sea.[33] After the arrival of the
Portuguese, and later the British, the name Cochin stuck as the
official appellation. The city reverted to a closer Anglicization of
its original
Malayalam
Malayalam name, Kochi, in 1996. This change in name was
challenged by the city municipal corporation but court later dismissed
the plea.[34]
History
Main article: History of Kochi
See also: Kingdom of Cochin
Kochi
Kochi was the centre of Indian spice trade for many centuries, and was
known to the
Yavanas
Yavanas (Greeks and Romans) as well as Jews, Syrians,
Arabs, and Chinese since ancient times.[35] It rose to significance as
a trading centre after the port
Muziris
Muziris around Kodungallur
(Cranganore) was destroyed by massive flooding of Periyar in 1341.[36]
The earliest documented references to
Kochi
Kochi occur in books written by
Chinese voyager
Ma Huan
Ma Huan during his visit to
Kochi
Kochi in the 15th century
as part of Admiral Zheng He's treasure fleet.[37] There are also
references to
Kochi
Kochi in accounts written by Italian traveller Niccolò
Da Conti, who visited
Kochi
Kochi in 1440.[38]
Kochi
Kochi City around 1635
Paradesi Synagogue
Paradesi Synagogue Inscription
St. Francis CSI Church built in 1503, is the oldest European church in
India.[30]
According to many historians, the precursor state to Kingdom of Kochi
came into existence in the early 12th century, after the fall of the
Chera Kingdom.[32] The reign of the Kingdom was hereditary, and the
family that ruled over the region was known as the Perumpadappu
Swaroopam in the local vernacular.
Portuguese navigator,
Pedro Álvares Cabral
Pedro Álvares Cabral founded the first European
settlement in
India
India at
Kochi
Kochi in 1500.[39] From 1503 to 1663, Fort
Kochi
Kochi (Fort Emmanuel) was ruled by Portugal. This Portuguese period
was a harrowing time for the
Saint Thomas Christians
Saint Thomas Christians and the Jews, as
the Inquisition was active in Portuguese India.
Kochi
Kochi hosted the grave
of Vasco da Gama, the first European explorer to set sail for India,
who was buried at St. Francis Church until his remains were returned
to
Portugal
Portugal in 1539.[40] The Portuguese rule was followed by that of
the Dutch who renamed Fort Immanuel as Fort Stormsburg. In meantime,
the Royal Family of
Kochi
Kochi relocated the capital of
Kochi
Kochi Kingdom to
Thrissur, leaving nominal authority over Islands of Kochi. In 1664,
Fort Kochi
Fort Kochi Municipality was established by Dutch, making it the first
municipality in Indian subcontinent, which got dissolved when Dutch
authority got weaker in the 18th century. The remaining part of Kochi
were governed by governors of
Kochi
Kochi Kingdom. By 1773, the
Mysore
Mysore ruler
Hyder Ali
Hyder Ali extended his conquest in the
Malabar region
Malabar region to
Kochi
Kochi forcing
it to become a tributary of Mysore. The hereditary Prime Ministership
of
Kochi
Kochi held by the Paliath Achans ended during this period.[41]
Meanwhile, the Dutch, fearing an outbreak of war on the United
Provinces, signed the
Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814 with the United
Kingdom, under which
Kochi
Kochi was ceded to the United Kingdom in exchange
for the island of Bangka. However, there are evidences of English
habitation in the region even before the signing of the treaty.[42] In
1866,
Fort Kochi
Fort Kochi municipality was reinstalled and its first Municipal
Council seating contest was conducted in 1883. In 1896, H.H. Rama
Varma XV, The
Maharaja
Maharaja of Cochin, initiated local administration by
forming town councils in
Mattancherry
Mattancherry and Ernakulam. In 1907, the
Governor of the Madras Presidency, Sir
Arthur Lawley
Arthur Lawley and his brother,
Beilby Lawley, 3rd Baron Wenlock, Governor of Madras, 1891 to 1896,
left for an official tour of Cochin and Travancore, which lasted from
25 January to 14 February. On 26 January, they were met by His
Highness the Rajah of Cochin who gave a State Dinner in their honour
at Ernakulam.[43][44][45][46] By the 1870s, the capital of Kochi
Kingdom was relocated again to
Kochi
Kochi Suburb of Tripunithura. In 1910,
Ernakulam
Ernakulam became the administrative capital of
Kochi
Kochi Kingdom with
establishment of Royal Secretariat and State Durbar. The Offices of
Diwan and High court were soon moved into Ernakulam.[47]
In 1925,
Kochi
Kochi legislative assembly was constituted due to public
pressure on the state. Towards the early 20th century, trade at the
port had increased substantially, and the need to develop the port was
greatly felt. Harbour engineer Robert Bristow was brought to
Kochi
Kochi in
1920 under the direction of Lord Willingdon, then the Governor of
Madras. In a span of 21 years, he transformed
Kochi
Kochi as one of the
safest harbours in the peninsula, where ships berthed alongside the
newly reclaimed inner harbour equipped with a long array of steam
cranes.[48]
In 1947, when
India
India gained independence from the British colonial
rule, Cochin was the first princely state to join the Indian Union
willingly.[32] In 1949,
Travancore-Cochin
Travancore-Cochin state came into being with
the merger of Cochin and Travancore. The King of
Travancore
Travancore was the
Rajpramukh
Rajpramukh of the
Travancore-Cochin
Travancore-Cochin Union from 1949 to 1956.
Travancore-Cochin, was in turn merged with the
Malabar district
Malabar district of the
Madras State. Finally, the Government of India's States Reorganisation
Act (1956) inaugurated a new state—Kerala—incorporating
Travancore-Cochin
Travancore-Cochin (excluding the four southern Taluks which were
merged with Tamil Nadu), Malabar District, and the taluk of Kasargod,
South Kanara.[49] On 9 July 1960 the
Mattancherry
Mattancherry council passed a
resolution—which was forwarded to the government—requesting the
formation of a municipal corporation by combining the existing
municipalities of Fort Kochi, Mattancherry, and Ernakulam. The
government appointed a commission to study the feasibility of the
suggested merger. Based on its report, the
Kerala
Kerala Legislative Assembly
approved the corporation's formation. On 1 November 1967, exactly
eleven years since the establishment of the state of Kerala, the Kochi
Municipal Corporation came into existence. The merger leading to the
establishment of the corporation, was between the municipalities of
Ernakulam,
Mattancherry
Mattancherry and Fort Kochi, along with that of the
Willingdon Island, four panchayats (Palluruthy, Vennala,
Vyttila
Vyttila and
Edappally), and the small islands of Gundu and Ramanthuruth.[50] Kochi
and
Ernakulam district
Ernakulam district formed on 1 April 1958 carving areas of
erstwhile Travancore-Kochi-Malabar kingdoms. Major portion of the
district is from the
Kochi
Kochi kingdom.[3]
The city's economic growth gathered momentum after economic reforms in
India
India introduced by the central government in the early-1990s. Since
2000, the service sector has energised the city's economy. The
establishment of several industrial parks based on IT and other port
based infrastructure triggered a construction and realty boom in the
city. Over the years,
Kochi
Kochi has witnessed rapid commercialisation, and
has today grown into the commercial hub of Kerala.[51]
Geography and climate
A view of
Thevara
Thevara from Kundannur bridge
Geography
Main article: Geography of Kochi
Kochi
Kochi is located on the southwest coast of
India
India at 9°58′N
76°13′E / 9.967°N 76.217°E / 9.967; 76.217, with a
corporation limit area of 94.88 km2 (36.63 sq mi).[52] Over the
years, the city has expanded considerably outside the corporation
limit set in 1967, although the official city limits hasn't yet been
increased.[53][54] The city straddles the backwaters, encompassing the
northern end of a peninsula, several islands and a portion of the
mainland. To the west lies the Laccadive Sea, and to the east is the
urbanised region in the rest of the mainland area. Much of
Kochi
Kochi lies
at sea level, with a coastline of 48 km.[32]
The current metropolitan limits of
Kochi
Kochi include the mainland
Ernakulam, Fort Kochi, the suburbs of Edapally,
Kalamassery
Kalamassery and
Kakkanad
Kakkanad to the northeast;
Tripunithura
Tripunithura to the southeast; and a group
of islands closely scattered in the Vembanad Lake. The state
government and the GCDA have plans to include Mala and
Kodungallur
Kodungallur in
Thrissur
Thrissur district, Angamaly, Perumbavoor,
Piravom
Piravom and
Kolenchery
Kolenchery in
Ernakulam
Ernakulam district,
Thalayolaparambu
Thalayolaparambu and
Vaikom
Vaikom in
Kottayam
Kottayam and
Cherthala
Cherthala in
Alappuzha district
Alappuzha district within
Kochi
Kochi metropolitan limits. The
newly formed metropolis would be put under the charge of a new
authority called
Kochi
Kochi Metropolitan Regional Development
Authority.[55][56] However, The
Hindu
Hindu reported that the state
government is yet to take any concrete steps in this regard.[57]
Soil consists of sediments such as alluvium, teris, brown sands, etc.
Hydromorphic saline soils are also found in the areas surrounding the
backwaters.[32]
Predominant rock types found here are Archaean-basic dykes,
Charnockites and Gneisses. An ecologically sensitive area, the
Mangalavanam Bird Sanctuary
Mangalavanam Bird Sanctuary is located in the central part of the
city. It has a wide range of mangrove species and is a nesting ground
for a vast variety of migratory birds.[58]
Kochi's water needs are entirely dependent on ground water and the two
rivers flowing through the district viz., Periyar and Muvattupuzha.
Periyar serves the entire northern part of the city[59] whereas
Muvattupuzha
Muvattupuzha river under the JnNurm project covers the western
part.[60]
Climate
Under the Köppen climate classification,
Kochi
Kochi features a tropical
monsoon climate (Am). Kochi's proximity to the equator along with its
coastal location results in little seasonal temperature variation,
with moderate to high levels of humidity. Annual temperatures range
between 23 and 31 °C (73 and 88 °F) with the record high
being 36.5 °C (97.7 °F), and record low 16.3 °C
(61.3 °F).[61] From June to September, the south-west monsoon
brings in heavy rains as
Kochi
Kochi lies on the windward side of the
Western Ghats. From October to December,
Kochi
Kochi receives lighter (yet
significant) rain from the northeast monsoon, as it lies on the
leeward side. Average annual rainfall is 2,978.0 mm
(117.24 in), with an annual average of 125 rainy days.[62]
Climate data for
Kochi
Kochi (1971–2010)
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high °C (°F)
36.4
(97.5)
35.7
(96.3)
36.0
(96.8)
36.5
(97.7)
35.2
(95.4)
34.2
(93.6)
33.1
(91.6)
32.5
(90.5)
34.2
(93.6)
34.6
(94.3)
35.6
(96.1)
34.8
(94.6)
36.5
(97.7)
Average high °C (°F)
31.7
(89.1)
31.9
(89.4)
32.5
(90.5)
32.9
(91.2)
32.3
(90.1)
30.1
(86.2)
29.3
(84.7)
29.3
(84.7)
30.0
(86)
30.6
(87.1)
31.2
(88.2)
31.8
(89.2)
31.1
(88)
Average low °C (°F)
22.6
(72.7)
24.0
(75.2)
25.3
(77.5)
25.9
(78.6)
25.7
(78.3)
24.1
(75.4)
23.7
(74.7)
23.9
(75)
24.2
(75.6)
24.1
(75.4)
24.0
(75.2)
23.1
(73.6)
24.2
(75.6)
Record low °C (°F)
16.5
(61.7)
16.3
(61.3)
21.6
(70.9)
21.3
(70.3)
21.1
(70)
20.4
(68.7)
17.6
(63.7)
20.6
(69.1)
21.1
(70)
19.2
(66.6)
19.2
(66.6)
17.7
(63.9)
16.3
(61.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches)
23.3
(0.917)
25.9
(1.02)
30.8
(1.213)
94.8
(3.732)
282.8
(11.134)
705.8
(27.787)
593.6
(23.37)
403.1
(15.87)
279.6
(11.008)
320.3
(12.61)
174.9
(6.886)
43.2
(1.701)
2,978
(117.244)
Average rainy days
1.0
1.2
2.3
6.2
10.7
23.2
22.3
20.0
13.8
14.3
7.8
1.9
124.7
Source:
India
India Meteorological Department (record high and low up to
2010)[61][62]
Civic administration
Kochi
Kochi City officials
Mayor
Soumini Jain
Deputy Mayor
T J Vinod
Police Commissioner
M.P.Dinesh IPS
Kochi Municipal Corporation
Kochi Municipal Corporation Town Hall
The High Court of
Kerala
Kerala located in the city is the highest court in
Kerala
The city is governed by the
Kochi
Kochi Corporation, headed by a mayor. For
administrative purposes, the city is divided into 74 wards,[63] from
which the members of the corporation council are elected for five
years. Earlier; Fort Kochi,
Mattancherry
Mattancherry and
Ernakulam
Ernakulam were the three
Municipalities
Municipalities in Cochin area, which was later merged to form the
Cochin Corporation. The Corporation has its headquarters in Ernakulam,
and zonal offices at Fort Kochi, Mattancherry, Palluruthy, Edappally
and Pachalam.[64] The general administration of the city is handled by
the Personnel Department and the Council Standing committee
Section.[65] Other departments include that of town planning, health,
engineering, revenue and accounts. The corporation is also responsible
for waste disposal and sewage management. The city produces more than
600 tons of waste per day and a large portion of waste is decomposed
at Brahmapuram Soild Waste plant into organic manure.[65] The supply
of potable water, sourced from the
Periyar River
Periyar River is handled by Kerala
Water Authority with support of Water works department of Kochi
Corporation.[66] Electricity is provided by the
Kerala
Kerala State
Electricity Board. The GCDA and GIDA are the government agencies
initiating and monitoring the development of
Greater Cochin
Greater Cochin area,
mainly in developing infrastructure facilities for the city.[67]
Law and order
Kochi
Kochi is the seat of High Court of Kerala, the highest judicial body
in the state of Kerala. The
Kochi City Police
Kochi City Police is headed by a Police
Commissioner, an
Indian Police Service
Indian Police Service (IPS) officer. The city is
divided into five zones and each zone under a circle officer. Apart
from regular law & order, the city police comprises the Traffic
Police, Narcotics Cell, Riot horse, Armed Reserve Camps, District
Crime Records Bureau and a Women's Police station.[68] It operates 19
police stations functioning under the Home Ministry of Government of
Kerala. An anti-corruption branch of the Central Bureau of
Investigation also operates out of the city. CISF maintains 3
squadrons for providing security to various central and state heavy
industries, airport and seaport zones. Other major central agencies
are NIA, DRI and Indian Customs due to the presence of major port.
According to
National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB),
Kochi
Kochi reported
significant increase of 193.7 per cent IPC crimes in 2010 compared to
2009, and reported a crime rate of 1,897.8 compared to the 424.1 in
whole Kerala.[69] However, the city police commissioner defended that
in major crimes such as murders and kidnapping, the city registered a
low crime rate even behind other cities in the state.[70]
Politics
Kochi
Kochi is part of the
Ernakulam
Ernakulam Lok Sabha constituency in Indian
Parliament. The current elected Member of Parliament representing the
constituency is Prof.
K. V. Thomas
K. V. Thomas of Indian National Congress.[71]
The
Ernakulam
Ernakulam Lok Sabha constituency elects six members to the state
Legislative Assembly. Out of this, five constituencies, namely Kochi,
Ernakulam, Thripunithura, Thrikkakara and
Kalamassery
Kalamassery represent the
city. The elected representative to the state Legislative Assembly
from
Kochi
Kochi is K. J. Maxi,
Ernakulam
Ernakulam is Hibi Eden, Thripunithura is M.
Swaraj, Thrikkakara is P. T. Thomas and
Kalamassery
Kalamassery is V. K. Ibrahim
Kunju.[72]
Economy
Main article: Economy of Kochi
Kochi
Kochi is widely referred to as the financial[17] and commercial[19]
capital of Kerala.
Kochi
Kochi is home to Cochin Stock Exchange, the only
stock exchange in Kerala. Federal Bank, the fourth-largest
Private-sector bank in
India
India is located in
Aluva
Aluva which is a suburb of
Kochi. Being a major online trading centre in the country,
Kochi
Kochi has a
newly opened
SEBI
SEBI office.[73]
The
Greater Cochin Development Authority
Greater Cochin Development Authority is the statutory body
overseeing the development of the city
Established in 1926, the
Cochin Port Trust
Cochin Port Trust overlooks the activities of
Cochin Port
Wonderla
Wonderla amusement park, Kochi
Kakkanad
Kakkanad is a major industrial center and is home to the Cochin
Special
Special Economic Zone, Infopark and Smart City
Availability of electricity, fresh water, long coastline, backwaters,
good banking facilities, presence of a major port, container
trans-shipment terminal, harbour terminal and an international air
terminal are some of the factors which accelerated the industrial
growth in the city and its adjoining district.[51] In recent years the
city has witnessed heavy investment, thus making it one of the
fastest-growing second-tier metro cities in India.[74][75] Sales tax
income generated in the
Kochi metropolitan area
Kochi metropolitan area contributes heavily to
state revenue.[76][77]
Kochi
Kochi LNG Terminal
Vembanad Rail Bridge
Vembanad Rail Bridge is the longest railway bridge in India
Vallarpadam
Vallarpadam Terminal is the first transshipment terminal in India
The
Kochi
Kochi International Marina is the only marina in India
TCS centre at Infopark
The district contributes the highest portion, 41.74%, of the state's
GDP.[78] Construction and manufacturing industries combined
contributes 37% of the district's total GDP, and trade, tourism and
hospitality industries together provides another 20%. Major business
sectors include construction, manufacturing, shipbuilding,
transportation/shipping, seafood and spices exports, chemical
industries, information technology (IT), tourism, health services, and
banking.
Kochi
Kochi is recognised as one of the seventeen major industrial
cities of
India
India by the
World Bank
World Bank Group. However, in the 2009 rankings
of ease to start and operate a business, among the 17 Indian cities
selected,
Kochi
Kochi was rated as the second most difficult city to start
business and was ranked 16th, above Kolkata.[79]
As in most of Kerala, remittances from non-resident Indians (NRI)s is
a major source of income.[80] Eloor, situated 13 kilometres (8.1
miles) north of the city-centre, is the largest industrial belt in
Kerala, with more than 250 factories manufacturing a range of products
including chemical and petrochemical products, pesticides, rare earth
elements, rubber processing chemicals, fertilisers, zinc and chromium
compounds, and leather products.[81] Fertilisers and Chemicals
Travancore
Travancore Limited (FACT), one of the oldest fertilizers and chemical
industry in
Kerala
Kerala is located in Kochi.[82]
Kochi Refineries
Kochi Refineries of (BPCL)
at
Ambalamugal is the largest state owned refinery in India. Petronet
India
India has now almost completed
Kochi
Kochi LNG Terminal, for importing and
storing natural gas, for energy and fuelling needs.[83] Central
Government establishments like the
Coconut
Coconut Development Board, the Coir
Board and the
Marine Products Export Development Authority (MPEDA)
have head offices located in the city.
Kalamassery
Kalamassery which is situated around 16.5 km from the City Center
is one of the major Industrial areas. Leading factories like FACT, HMT
and IT/Biotechnology park like KINFRA Hi-Tech Park are located here.
The headquarters of Neera Development Center is located at Kalamassery
. The
Cochin University of Science and Technology
Cochin University of Science and Technology is located at
Kalamassery. Irimpanam is another major industrial area in Kochi. The
Seaport-Airport Road (SPAP Road) passes through this place and oil
giants like Indian Oil Corporation,
Bharat Petroleum
Bharat Petroleum and Hindustan
Petroleum have plants here.[84][85][86]
Like elsewhere in Kerala, tourism is one of the major contributors of
the local economy.
Ernakulam
Ernakulam district, in which
Kochi
Kochi is situated,
ranks first in the total number of domestic tourists visiting
Kerala,[14] and thus contributes to the economy of the city. The
tourist enclave at
Fort Kochi
Fort Kochi and presence of several historical
monuments, museums etc. as well as natural attractions like the
Vembanad lake and the backwaters attract large number of tourists to
the city. Presence of several leading hospitality brands have been a
major source of employment for locals. The
Kochi Port
Kochi Port is one of the
leading ports where international cruisers call on regularly.[87] The
city has the first marina facility[88] in the country,
Kochi
Kochi Marina
which attracts large number of yacht-totters. Real Estate industry is
also one industry which is contributing a lot to the economy of Kochi.
Many players have entered the market and have developed residential
properties.
Kochi
Kochi is the headquarters of the Southern Naval Command,
the primary training centre of the Indian Navy.[89] The Cochin
Shipyard, contributes to the economy of the city.[90][91] The fishing
harbour at
Thoppumpady
Thoppumpady is a minor fishing port in the state and
supplies fish to local and export markets. To further tap the
potential of the all-season harbour at Kochi, an international cruise
terminal was also constructed.[92]
Exports and allied activities are also important contributors to the
city's economy. The
Cochin Port
Cochin Port currently handles export and import of
container cargo at its terminal at Willingdon Island. The
International Container Transshipment Terminal operating out of
Vallarpadam, is India's largest transshipment
terminal.[93][94][95][96]
Cochin Port Trust
Cochin Port Trust also planning to build an
Outer Harbour near Puthuvype.[97] Kochi's historical reliance on trade
continues into modern times, as the city is a major exporter of spices
and is home to the International Pepper Exchange, where black pepper
is globally traded. The
Spices
Spices Board of
India
India and World Spice
Organisation are headquartered in Kochi.
The IT and ITES related industries are growing up in Kochi.
Availability of cheap bandwidth through undersea cables and lower
operational costs compared to other major cities in India, has been to
its advantage. Various technology and industrial campuses including
the government promoted InfoPark,
Cochin Special Economic Zone
Cochin Special Economic Zone and
KINFRA Export Promotion Industrial Park operate in the outskirts of
the city. Several new industrial campuses are under construction in
the suburbs of the city. SmartCity at
Kakkanad
Kakkanad is one of the prominent
projects.[98] Cyber City at
Kalamassery
Kalamassery is another integrated IT
township SEZ being planned in the private sector.[99]
Kochi
Kochi has an established electronics hardware industry with companies
such as V-Guard Industries, OEN
India
India Limited, FCI OEN Connectors and
SFO Technologies. The Government of
Kerala
Kerala has announced a project to
build an industrial park named Electronic City[100] spanning an area
of 340 acres (140 ha), to cater to the electronic hardware
industries. The private operator NeST[101] is building a Special
Economic Zone specifically for electronics hardware spanning an area
of 30 acres (12 ha).
The
Cochin International Airport
Cochin International Airport is in the process of setting up an
aerotropolis at Nedumbassery.[102][103]
Transport
Main article: Transport in Kochi
A panoramic view of
Vyttila
Vyttila Mobility Hub
Air
The air gateway to
Kochi
Kochi is the
Cochin International Airport
Cochin International Airport (CIAL)
located at Nedumbassery, which is about 28 km (17 mi) north
of
Kochi
Kochi city, and handles both domestic and international
flights.[104] It is the first international airport in
India
India to be
built without Central Government funds[105] and is the world's first
fully solar energy powered airport.
The Cochin airport provides direct connectivity to popular
international destinations in the Middle East, Malaysia,
Thailand
Thailand and
Singapore
Singapore and to most major Indian cities apart from tourist
destinations like Lakshadweep.
Kochi
Kochi is also the headquarters of the
Air
India
India Express service. With a terminal area of
840,000 sq ft (78,000 m2), and a passenger capacity of
2200 (international and domestic), it is the largest and busiest
airport in the state.[106] It is also the fourth busiest airport in
India
India in terms of international passenger traffic, and seventh busiest
overall.[107][108]
The
Cochin International Airport
Cochin International Airport is one of the busiest airports in the
country and the first fully solar powered airport in the world
A KSRTC
Double-decker bus
_Arriva_London_New_Routemaster_(19522859218).jpg/440px-LT_471_(LTZ_1471)_Arriva_London_New_Routemaster_(19522859218).jpg)
Double-decker bus doing service in the city
Kochi Metro
Kochi Metro is the fastest completed metro project in India
Ernakulam
Ernakulam Boat
Jetty
.jpg)
Jetty is one of the main boat jetties in the city
Ferry Service boat at
Kochi
Kochi backwaters
Road
Kochi
Kochi is well connected to neighbouring cities and states via several
highways. It is a node in the North-South Corridor of the National
Highway system.[109][110] The road infrastructure in
Kochi
Kochi has not
been able to meet the growing traffic demand and hence traffic
congestion is a major problem in the city.[111]
Kochi
Kochi is served by National Highway 66, National Highway 544, National
Highway 966A and National Highway 966B.[112][113][114]
Several state highways also connect
Kochi
Kochi with other parts of
Kerala.[115] SH 15, Ettumanoor-
Ernakulam
Ernakulam Road, connects the city to
Kottayam, Pala, Kumily, Changanacherry,
Pathanamthitta
Pathanamthitta etc. SH 41,
Palarivattom-Thekkady Road, provides a corridor to the eastern parts
of the district. SH 63, Vypeen Pallipuram Road and SH 66, Alappuzha
–
Thoppumpady
Thoppumpady road are coastal roads that serve the narrow sliver of
land between the backwaters and the sea.
The main arterial roads of the city are the
Mahatma Gandhi
Mahatma Gandhi Road and
Sahodaran Ayyappan
Sahodaran Ayyappan Road in Ernakulam, constructed in 1925 & 1962
respectively which runs parallel & perpendicular to the coast and
having the proposed Metro Rail connectivity. The Seaport-Airport Road
is another major road and connects the Cochin Seaport to the Cochin
International Airport. The Infopark Expressway in
Kakkanad
Kakkanad is
connected to the
Seaport-Airport Road and stretches all the way to
Infopark. Other major roads include
Chittoor
Chittoor Road, Banerji Road,
Shanmugham Road,
Kochi
Kochi Bypass, Kaloor-
Kadavanthra
Kadavanthra Road, Park Avenue
etc. A new ring road is proposed for
Kochi
Kochi city by the state
government for which a project study is being currently undertaken by
NATPAC.[116]
Public transport
Road
The primary form of public transport within the city is largely
dependent on privately owned bus networks. The state-run also operates
its services in the city through the Thirukochi service. The major bus
terminals in the city are
Ernakulam
Ernakulam Town,
Ernakulam
Ernakulam
Jetty
Jetty and the
private bus terminal at Kaloor. An integrated transit terminal namely
The Mobility Hub at
Vytilla
Vytilla is under 2nd phase of construction. The
terminal acts as a hub for long distance bus services away from the
city centre, and also a converging point for different modes of public
transport, namely bus, metro and ferry.[117]
Kochi
Kochi is one of the few cities to be granted the new generation
air-conditioned low floor and non-air-conditioned semi low-floor buses
under the JNNURM city transport development project. KURTC and private
buses operate frequent schedules to neighbouring areas of
Nedumbassery, Perumbavoor, Aluva, Muvattupuzha, Kothamangalam,
Cherthala
Cherthala and
Poochakkal
Poochakkal . Call taxis and auto rickshaws (called
autos) are available for hire throughout the day.
Development of road infrastructure not keeping pace with the increase
in traffic is a major problem faced by Kochi, like most other parts of
Kerala.[118]
Rail
The city has four major railway stations –
Ernakulam
Ernakulam Junction,
Ernakulam
Ernakulam Town (locally known as the South and North railway stations
respectively),
Aluva
Aluva and
Tripunithura
Tripunithura followed by smaller stations,
Edapally
Edapally and Kalamassery. There is also the Cochin Harbour Terminus
providing rail connectivity to the southern segment of the Port of
Kochi. The terminus is currently under renovation for the suburban
rail networks in the city. The main rail transport system in
Kochi
Kochi is
operated by the Southern Railway Zone of Indian Railways, and comes
under
Thiruvananthapuram
Thiruvananthapuram Railway division. The South station is one of
the busiest railway stations in South India, with more than 128
scheduled train services daily.[119] The North station situated on the
northern side of the city, caters mostly to long distance services
that bypass the South station, and also is an additional halt station
for many trains.
There is also a historic station named as
Ernakulam
Ernakulam Terminus(station
code:ERG) situated behind the High Court. Great personalities like
Mahatma Gandhi
Mahatma Gandhi and The
British Viceroy
.svg/400px-Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_(1885–1947).svg.png)
British Viceroy have visited Cochin through
this old railway station.
Ernakulam
Ernakulam Terminus was the first station to
serve the city but had to be abandoned in the early 1960s. Now this
station operates as a goods depot of Southern Railway.[120]
Metro
Main article:
Kochi
Kochi Metro
The
Kochi Metro
Kochi Metro is a metro rapid transit system serving the city of
Kochi, intended to considerably ease traffic congestion in the city
and its surrounding metropolitan area.[121] It is being set up at an
overall estimated cost of ₹5,146 crore (US$790 million). The
Phase-1 of the metro system will have 22 stations connecting the
suburban towns of
Aluva
Aluva and Pettah while passing through
downtown.[122] The first half of the Phase-1 of
Kochi Metro
Kochi Metro was
inaugurated on 17 June 2017 by Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
Currently
Kochi Metro
Kochi Metro is operational from
Aluva
Aluva till Maharaja's
College along the
Kalamassery
Kalamassery -
Edappally
Edappally -
Kaloor
Kaloor - MG Road stretch,
covering a total of 18.4 km with 16 operational metro stations.[123]
Water
See also:
Kochi
Kochi Water Metro
Kochi
Kochi ranks among India's major seaports, partly due to being one of
the safest harbours in the Indian Ocean.[124] The port, administered
by a statutory autonomous body known as the
Cochin Port
Cochin Port Trust, offers
facilities for bunkering, handling cargo and passenger ships and
storage accommodation. The port is a complex of three islands, one of
which is man-made.[125]
It also operates passenger ships to
Colombo
Colombo and Lakshadweep. Boat
services are operated by
Kerala
Kerala Shipping and Inland Navigation
Corporation, the State Water Transport Department and private firms
from various boat jetties in the city. The junkar ferry for the
transshipment of vehicles and passengers between the islands are
operated between
Ernakulam
Ernakulam and Vypin, and between
Vypin
Vypin and Fort
Kochi. However, with the construction of the
Goshree bridges
Goshree bridges (which
links Kochi's islands), ferry transport has become less essential. The
main boat jetties are
Ernakulam
Ernakulam Main Boat
Jetty
Jetty near Park Avenue, High
Court
Jetty
Jetty in Banerjee Road, Embarkation
Jetty
Jetty in Willingdon Island
and
Fort Kochi
Fort Kochi Jetty.[126]
Demographics
Religions in Kochi
Religion
Percentage
Hindu
47%
Christian
35%
Muslim
17%
Others
1%
See also: Cochin Jews, Saint Thomas Christians, and Latin Church
Kochi
Kochi has the second highest population density parameter in Kerala
with 6340 people per km2.
The
Santa Cruz Basilica
Santa Cruz Basilica at
Fort Kochi
Fort Kochi is one of the eight Basilicas in
India
As of 2011[update],
Kochi
Kochi had a metropolitan area population of
2,117,990. The female-to-male ratio is 1,028:1,000, significantly
higher than the all-
India
India average of 933:1,000. Kochi's literacy rate
is 97.5%. The female literacy rate lags that of males by 1.1%, amongst
the lowest such gaps in India.
Dharmanath Jain Temple at Mattancherry
Kochi's major religions are Hinduism,
Christianity
Christianity and Islam. Jainism,
Judaism,
Sikhism
Sikhism and Buddhism, with smaller followings, are also
practised in Kochi. Though 47% practice Hinduism, Christianity's large
following (35%) makes
Kochi
Kochi a city with one of the largest Christian
populations in India.[127][128][129] The majority of the city's
residents are Malayalis. However, there are significant ethnic
minority communities including Tamils, Gujaratis, Jews, Anglo-Indians,
Sikhs
Sikhs and Konkanis[130][131]
Malayalam
Malayalam is the main language of
communication and medium of instruction for primary education,
although a number of schools do offer English medium education. The
higher education is invariably in English medium, and it is the
preferred language in business circles. Tamil and
Hindi
Hindi are widely
understood—albeit rarely spoken.
Like other fast-growing cities in the developing world,
Kochi
Kochi suffers
from major urbanisation problems. The city was ranked 10th among
Indian cities in terms of house-cost and availability, urban household
crowding and household incomes.[132]
The government has plans to make the city slum-free by 2016.[133]
According to the National Crime Records Bureau, the city holds the
fourth position in the number of recorded crimes in
India.[134][135][136] In 2009, the city recorded an average crime rate
of 646.3 against the national average of 181.4.[135] But
Kochi
Kochi City
Police Commissioner
Police Commissioner later clarified that this anomaly was due to
higher reporting rates of minor crimes in
Kochi
Kochi than in other Indian
cities.[70] The State Crime Records Bureau (SCRB) report gives further
credence to this as it finds that
Kochi
Kochi has the least number of crime
against women in the state of Kerala.[137] According to the 2011
CII/Institute of Competitiveness report on Liveability,[138] Kochi
stands first in the state, and 6th in the country.
Kochi
Kochi is ranked
seventh in the list of the top ten most affluent cities in
India
India by
2009 study by Nielsen Company.[139]
Kochi
Kochi was ranked the fourth
cleanest city in
India
India in the Swachch Bharat rankings for cities. It
was selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a
smart city under Prime Minister
Narendra Modi
Narendra Modi flagship Smart Cities
Mission.[140]
Culture
Main article: Culture of Kochi
See also: Cuisine of
Kerala
Kerala and List of Tourist attractions in Kochi
Marine Drive, Kochi
As a result of successive waves of migration over the course of
several centuries, the population of the city is a mix of people from
all parts of
Kerala
Kerala and most of India. The pan-Indian nature is
highlighted by the substantial presence of various ethnic communities
from different parts of the country.[141]
Pedestrians can stroll along the Marine Drive, a waterfront promenade
of Kochi
LuLu Mall is the largest shopping mall in India
The Kettuvallom Bridge at Marine Drive
Kochi
Kochi has a diverse, multicultural, and secular community consisting
of Malayalis, Konkanis,[142][143] Gujaratis,[130] Bengalis,[144]
Marathis,[145] Punjabis,[131][146] Tamilians, kannadigas, Biharias,
Anglo Indians and a few families of
Jews
Jews among other denominations,
all living in peaceful co-existence. The city once had a large Jewish
community, known as the Malabar Yehuden—and now increasingly as
Cochin Jews— who figured prominently in Kochi's business and
economic strata [147] and owned several Synagogues across
Kochi
Kochi and
nearby areas such as Chendamangalam, Paravur or Mala.
Kochi
Kochi was one among the seven diocese of Syrian Orthodox (Jacobite
Syrian
Christian
Christian Church) in
Kerala
Kerala formed in 1876. The seat of the
Bishop is at St George Cathedral, Karingachira. Also At Mary's
Cathedral Elamkulam, seat of bishop of Simhasana churches of Jacobites
is in the City. The seat of
Roman Catholic
Roman Catholic Cathedral of Kerala's first
Archdiocese
Archdiocese of Verapoly
Archdiocese of Verapoly and the first diocese Diocese of
Cochin are located in the city. The Syro-Malabar Church, one of the 22
sui iuris
Eastern Catholic Churches
Eastern Catholic Churches and a part of the Saint Thomas
Christian
Christian community, has its seat at Ernakulam. Prominent places of
Christian
Christian worship include the St. Mary's Syro-Malabar Catholic
Cathedral Basilica, Ernakulam, St. Francis Assisi Roman Catholic
Cathedral, Ernakulam, Basilica of Our Lady of Ransom,
Vallarpadam-Ernakulam,
Santa Cruz Basilica
Santa Cruz Basilica
Roman Catholic
Roman Catholic Cathedral,
Fort Kochi, St. Antony's Shrine at Kaloor, St. George Forane Church,
Edappally
Edappally and . Appropriate to its multi-ethnic composition, Kochi
celebrates traditional
Kerala
Kerala festivals like
Onam
Onam and
Vishu
Vishu along with
North Indian
Hindu
Hindu festivals like
Holi
Holi with great fervour. Christian
and Islamic festivals like Christmas, Easter,
Eid ul-Fitr
Eid ul-Fitr and
Milad-e-sherif
.jpg/480px-Maulidur_Rasul_(8413657269).jpg)
Milad-e-sherif are also celebrated. A merry making fest called the
Cochin Carnival
Cochin Carnival is celebrated at
Fort Kochi
Fort Kochi during the last ten days
of December.[148]
The residents of
Kochi
Kochi are known as Kochiites; they are an important
part of the South Indian culture. However, the city's culture is
rapidly evolving with Kochiites generally becoming more cosmopolitan
in their outlook.[75] The people are also increasingly
fashion-conscious, often deviating from the traditional
Kerala
Kerala wear to
western clothing.
Kochiites generally partake of Keralite cuisine, which is generally
characterised by an abundance of coconut and spices. Other South
Indian cuisines, as well as Chinese and North Indian cuisines are
popular. Fast food culture is also very prominent.[149] Being a
tourist hotspot,
Fort Kochi
Fort Kochi have a number of restaurants that offer
international cuisine, like Italian, French, Mexican etc. Being close
to the ocean and the backwaters,
Kochi
Kochi has an abundance of seafood,
which reflects in the cuisine. A service known as You Buy, We Cook is
available at the waterfront of Fort Kochi, where the fresh seafood
purchased from the nets is cooked as per the customers needs.[150]
Arabian food joints that serve
Shawarma
.jpg/440px-Shawarma_(2223426004).jpg)
Shawarma and roasted chicken are a new
addition to the fast food scene in the city.
Kochi
Kochi also has a number of shopping malls including Oberon Mall, Gold
Souk Grande, Bay Pride Mall, Centre Square Mall,
Abad Nucleus Mall
Abad Nucleus Mall and
LuLu Mall, which is the largest shopping mall in
India
India in terms of
total leasable area of 17 acres (7 ha).[151][152][153] Various
shopping malls are expected to open in the city in the near future
including Forum Thomsun Mall.[154]
Kochi
Kochi also has the most number of five star hotels in the state. These
include international hotel brands like Crowne Plaza,[155]
Marriott,[156] Grand Hyatt,[157] Le Méridien,[158] Radisson Blu,[159]
Holiday Inn,[160] Ramada,[161] Ibis,[162] Taj Malabar,[163] The
Gateway[164] etc.
Kochi
Kochi was home to some of the most influential figures in Malayalam
literature, including Changampuzha Krishna Pillai,[165] Kesari
Balakrishna Pillai,[166] G. Sankara Kurup,[167] and Vyloppilli
Sreedhara Menon.[168] Prominent social reformers such as Sahodaran
Ayyappan[169] and Pandit Karuppan[170] also are from Kochi. The Kochi
International Book Festival is an annual event.
The Maharajas of
Kochi
Kochi (then Cochin) were scholars who knew the epics
and encouraged the arts. The paintings at the
Hill Palace
.jpg/400px-Hill_Palace_Cochin_(24176740822).jpg)
Hill Palace and the
Dutch Palace
Dutch Palace are testimony to their love for arts.
Kochiites are known for their enthusiasm in sports, especially
football and cricket.[171] The Jawaharlal Nehru International Stadium
in
Kochi
Kochi is one of the largest stadiums in
India
India with floodlights for
Cricket
Cricket and
Football
Football matches.[172] The Regional Sports Centre is an
important centre of sporting activity in the city.
Kochi
Kochi is reportedly
the 6th best city in
India
India according to the livability index of
2011.[173]
Healthcare
Aster Medcity
Aster Medcity is one of the largest hospitals in the country
With a large number of advanced tertiary/quaternary care facilities,
Kochi
Kochi has one of the best healthcare facilities in India. It is the
prime destination for people seeking advanced healthcare facilities
from across Kerala.[174][175]
In recent times, it has attracted a large number of patients from all
over India, Middle East, African nations as well as from Europe and
United States
United States looking for relatively inexpensive advanced medical
care.
Kochi
Kochi is the only city from
Kerala
Kerala that have carried out
successful heart transplantations.[176] Amrita Institute of Medical
Sciences and Research Centre, Sunrise Hospital, Specialist Hospital,
Medical Trust Hospital, PVS Memorial Hospital, Renai Medicity,
Lakeshore Hospital, Lisie Hospital, Aster Medcity,[177] Rajagiri
Institute of Medical Sciences are some of the advanced
tertiary/quaternary healthcare facilities in Kochi.[178] Other reputed
institutions in the city include
Ernakulam
Ernakulam Medical Centre, KIMS
Hospital, Gautham Hospital, Lourdes Hospital,
Kochi
Kochi Medical College,
and Saraf Hospital. Some of the reputed fertility related treatment
centres in
India
India – like Vijaya Hospital, Bourn Hall Clinic[179] and
CIMAR – are located in Kochi. General Hospital,
Ernakulam
Ernakulam is the
only notable medical institution in the government sector in Kochi.
Education
See also: Education in India, Education in Kerala, and Educational
Institutions in
Ernakulam
Ernakulam District
Established in 1875, the Maharaja's College is one of the oldest
colleges in the state
The main building of
Model Engineering College
Model Engineering College was inspired from
India's first satellite, Aryabhatta
The
Cochin University of Science and Technology
Cochin University of Science and Technology is one of the top
educational institutions in the country
Rajagiri
Rajagiri College of Social Sciences at Kalamassery
Secondary education
The pattern of primary education is essentially the same all over the
state. There are government owned schools and government aided
schools, which are affiliated to the
Kerala
Kerala State Education Board. A
few privately owned schools are also affiliated to the system. Most of
the schools owned by private organisations or individuals are
affiliated to the Central Board for Secondary Education (CBSE).[180]
Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE) have some schools
affiliated to them as well.[181] The state education board offers both
Malayalam
Malayalam and English medium instruction, while the other boards offer
English medium alone. There are a few schools that follow
international curricula, such as IB and IGCSE.[182]
There 34 government schools, 67 private aided schools and 31 unaided
schools affiliated to the
Kerala
Kerala State Education Board in the city and
suburbs.[183] There are 62 CBSE Schools, 2 IGCSE and 9 ICSE Schools as
well.[184][185]
The notable schools in the government sector are Sree Rama Varma High
School,
Edappally
Edappally High School, Government School-
Kochi
Kochi and Govt Girls
Higher Secondary School, Ernakulam. There are Kendriya Vidyalaya,
Chinmaya Mission
Chinmaya Mission and
Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan
Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan run several quasi-private
charter schools within the city limits, as well as in the suburbs.
There are several private schools (both aided & unaided0 that are
owned by secular and religious trusts which are of particular renown,
such as:St. Albert's HSS, Ernakulam, St. Teresa's CGHSS, St. Mary's
CGHSS Ernakulam, St. Antony's CGHSS, Model Technical Higher Secondary
School,
Kaloor
Kaloor The Delta Study,
Rajagiri
Rajagiri Public School, Campion
School, Assisi Vidyaniketan, Cochin Refineries School, Gregorian
Public School, Greets Public School, Toc-H Public School, Navy
Children School, Global Public School, Choice School, Vidyodaya
School, Mar Thoma Public School, Nava Nirman Public School and St.
Pauls International School, Kalamassery, The Charter School
Kochi.[186]
Higher education
The
Cochin University of Science and Technology
Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT) is a major
university named after the city. Most of the colleges in Kochi
offering tertiary education are affiliated either with the Mahatma
Gandhi University or with the Cochin University.
Kochi
Kochi has one of the
campuses of the
Indian Maritime University
.gif)
Indian Maritime University at Willingdon Island. Sree
Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit in
Kalady
Kalady is a research oriented
university located at the outskirts. Other national educational
institutes include the Central Institute of Fisheries Nautical and
Engineering Training, the National University of Advanced Legal
Studies, the National Institute of Oceanography and the Central Marine
Fisheries Research Institute.[187][188][189]
Kochi
Kochi has some of the leading B-Schools in the region. The Indian
Institute of Management
Kozhikode
Kozhikode (IIMK) has set up its first
satellite campus at Athulya building in InfoPark, Kochi.[190] Cochin
University's School of Management Studies (SMS) is the first and
oldest managerial education institution in South India. SCMS Cochin is
one of the emerging B-Schools in the country.[191] Another major
B-School XIME is opening a new campus in Kochi.[192] Other leading
managerial institutions include
Rajagiri
Rajagiri Centre for Business Studies,
Kochi
Kochi Business School, Amrita School of Business, Albertian Institute
of Management and Toc-H B school.
The city and outskirts are home to four medical schools—Amrita
Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre at Ponekkara, Cochin
Medical College at Kalamassery, Sree Narayana Institute of Medical
Sciences, and M.O.S.C. Medical College, Kolenchery. Some of the
prestigious general colleges are Maharaja's College, St. Albert's
College, St. Teresa's College, Sacred Hearts College, Bharata Matha
College, Aquina's College, De Paul Institute of Science &
Technology (DIST) and Cochin College. The major Engineering and
Technology colleges in the city are School of Engineering CUSAT, SCMS
School of Engineering and Technology at Kalamassery, Model Engineering
College,
Rajagiri
Rajagiri School of Engineering & Technology and FISAT
(Federal Institute of Science & Technology).[193]
Being the seat of the High Court of Kerala, several top legal
education institutes are here. The Government Law College-
Ernakulam
Ernakulam is
one of the oldest law schools in Kerala.[194] The School of Legal
Studies (SLS),
CUSAT
CUSAT is one of the leading graduate, post-graduate,
and research institutes in the country. The National University of
Advanced Legal Studies (NUALS) is located in the city, which is a
premier law university in
India
India and the only Law college listed in
CLAT (Common Law Admission Test) in Kerala.
Social service organisations
Some of the main orphanages and rehabilitation shelters in Cochin City
are
Palluruthy
Palluruthy Relief Settlement in
Palluruthy
Palluruthy Veli,
Don Bosco
.jpg/450px-Don_Bosco_@_Torino,_1880_(original).jpg)
Don Bosco Sneha
Bhavan,
Don Bosco
Don Bosco Big Boys, Crescent Girls Orphanage,
YMCA
YMCA Boys Home,
Bal Bhavan, Valsalya Bhavan.[195]
Palluruthy
Palluruthy Relief Settlement is under
Kochi Municipal Corporation
Kochi Municipal Corporation and
managed in association with Peoples Council for Social Justice. There
are about 300 inmates and many of them are mentally ill.[196] The
night shelter for women run by
Kochi Municipal Corporation
Kochi Municipal Corporation near Kerala
State Road Transport Corporation bus stand provides free and safe
accommodation.[197] Peoples Council for Social Justice was found in
1985 under the patronage of Justice
V. R. Krishna Iyer
V. R. Krishna Iyer with the aim to
work for human rights protection, free legal aid and to strive for
social justice.[198][199]
The orphanages for children under
Don Bosco
Don Bosco Sneha Bhavan Cochi are
Sneha Bhavan Annexe, SnehaBhavan, Valsalya Bhavan,
Don Bosco
Don Bosco and Bosco
Nilayam. The Childline
India
India project in Cochin is taken in
collaboration with Don Bosco. Children in distress and in need of help
can contact in '1098' (toll free number).[200] Sneha Bhavan Annexe is
the first point of contact with children and children can stay as a
safe night shelter.[201] Sneha Bhavan is a home for the children from
the streets and for those from unhealthy and risky situations. The
Valsalya Bhavan centre is solely for the girls who are rescued from
the streets. Runaways, street children, children of sex workers,
abused children and child labourers all live here. Along with primary
and high school education at a local school, the centre provides
shelter, food, clothing and educational support.[202]
There are also people doing independent social services within the
city. The Italian Sister Fabiola conducts a home at
Fort Kochi
Fort Kochi known
as "Ashwasa Bhavan", for young orphaned children.[203] Br. Judson run
his own "Mobile Bath Service" in his vehicle for the
abandoned.[204][205]
Media
Akshara Mandiram at Marine Drive
Major
Malayalam
Malayalam newspapers published in
Kochi
Kochi include Malayala
Manorama, Mathrubhumi, Siraj Daily, Madhyamam, Deshabhimani, Deepika,
Kerala
Kerala Kaumudi, Janmabhumi, etc. Popular English newspapers include
The Hindu, The New Indian Express, The Times of India, The Pioneer and
The Deccan Chronicle. A number of evening papers are also published
from the city.[206] Newspapers in other regional languages like Hindi,
Kannada, Tamil and Telugu are also available.
A number of financial publications are also published in the city.
These include The Economic Times, Business Line, The Business Standard
and The Financial Express. Prominent magazines and religious
publications like the Sathyadeepam, The Week and
Vanitha
.jpg)
Vanitha are also
published from the city.
Kochi
Kochi houses several leading
Malayalam
Malayalam television channels like
Asianet
Asianet Plus, Flowers, Jeevan TV, Mazhavil Manorama, Kairali We,
Manorama News
Manorama News and
Reporter TV as well as major news bureaus of
Asianet, Kairali TV,
Amrita TV
Amrita TV and Doordarshan. Prasar Bharati
maintains its earth station and broadcasting centre in Kakkanad,
Kochi. Satellite television services are available through DD Direct+,
Dish TV, Airtel digital TV, Reliance DTH,
Sun Direct DTH
Sun Direct DTH and Tata Sky.
FM radio channels broadcast from Kochi[207] are Rainbow FM (AIR)
101.9 MHz, AIR
Kochi
Kochi 102.3 MHz,
Club FM 94.3
Club FM 94.3 MHz,[208] Radio
Mango 91.9 MHz,[209] Red FM 93.5 MHz,[210] Radio Mirchi
104.0 MHz.[211]
Kochi
Kochi is considered to be the hub of the vibrant
Malayalam
Malayalam movie
industry,[212] especially new generation
Malayalam
Malayalam movies. The rise of
Kochi
Kochi to the centre stage of the entertainment industry occurred
coinciding with the economic boom of the last couple of decades. A
large number of movies are shot in
Kochi
Kochi every year.[213]
Kochi
Kochi also
has a host of state-of-the-art production and post production
facilities.[214][215][216][217][218] Due to these reasons, major
section of film personalities including of actors, technical experts
and other related workers reside in Kochi.[219][220] There are over 50
cinema halls that screen movies in Malayalam, Tamil, English and
Hindi. The city hosts Kerala's first cine multiplex, at the Oberon
Mall with four screens. Gold Souk Grande also has a cine multiplex
operated by Q cinemas with four screens. PVR with 9 screens is another
national multiplex brand that has presence in
Kochi
Kochi and is based out
of LuLu International Shopping Mall.
Cinepolis
Cinepolis at Centre Square Mall
with 11 screens is the first international megaplex brand in the
state. 16 more multiplex screens are expected in the city in the near
future.
The district has the largest number of telephone connections in
Kerala.[221]
Telephony
Telephony services are provided by various private sector
players like Aircel, Airtel, Idea Cellular, Vodafone, Reliance
Infocomm, Tata Docomo, Jio,
Tata Indicom
Tata Indicom and the state owned BSNL. All
the private sector telecom companies have their headquarters for
Kerala
Kerala circle located in Kochi.
Sports
Like elsewhere in Kerala, football is the most passionate sport among
locals.
Kochi
Kochi is home to two of India's major professional football
teams,
FC Kochin
FC Kochin and Chirag United
Kerala
Kerala and also teams like Josco FC
since 2008.[222][223] In 2014, cricketer
Sachin Tendulkar
Sachin Tendulkar and PVP
Ventures won the bid to own
Kochi
Kochi based football team,
Kerala
Kerala Blasters
FC in the Indian Super League. Blasters reached the finals of Indian
Super League in the debut season as well as in the 2016 season,
finishing as runners-up on both occasions.
The Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium is one of the largest stadiums in India
The Regional Sports Centre at
Kadavanthra
Kadavanthra houses the Mahesh Bhupathi
Tennis Academy
India's third largest stadium and second largest cricket stadium, the
Jawaharlal Nehru International Stadium located in Kaloor, is a major
facility for football and cricket.[224][225] Recently, the stadium was
renovated to facilitate more cricket tournaments as well as for
hosting IPL Matches.
Kochi
Kochi was home to the Indian Premier League
cricket team, the
Kochi Tuskers
Kochi Tuskers which won franchise rights to play IPL
which participated in the 2011 edition of IPL.
Kochi
Kochi is selected as
one of the six host cities for the
2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup
2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup to be held
in India.[226] Because of this selection, huge investments and
business opportunities are expected to come to the city.
The Maharaja's Stadium located on MG Road in the heart of the city, is
the major athletic facility in the state with synthetic tracks and
turf grass as per international standards.[227] The Ambedkar stadium,
maintained by GCDA, will be developed exclusively for
Football
Football with
funds from Government of
Kerala
Kerala and FIFA.[228] Spanish club Real
Madrid has proposed to set up a football school in Kochi.[229]
The Rajiv Gandhi Sports Complex at
Kadavanthra
Kadavanthra is a major indoor
stadium, mainly used for conducting badminton, tennis and basketball
tournaments. The 25m X 10m swimming pool[230] at the centre is one of
the larger water sports facility in the state, where regular swimming
competitions and coaching are conducted.
The FACT Grounds at Udyogamandal, Sacred Heart's College Grounds, HMT
Grounds at
Kalamassery
Kalamassery and
St. Albert's College
St. Albert's College Grounds are the other
major training facilities for various games like volleyball,
badminton, cricket etc.
Kochi
Kochi has two golf courses in the city, and one in the suburbs. The
oldest golf club is located at Bolgatty Palace constructed in 1903,
which is a nine-hole facility run by Cochin Golf Club society.[231]
The Cochin Golf and Country Club located near to Cochin Airport,
operated by CIAL, is Kerala's first 18-hole golf course with a playing
area of over 7,200 yards. The first phase of the all-weather golf
course comprising nine holes was opened in May 2010 for members and
public. The expansion to an 18-hole course is progressing, which is
scheduled to be open in September 2012.[232][233]
Being surrounded by water bodies, the city is ideal for Yachting. The
Kerala
Kerala
Yachting
Yachting Association and[234] the Cochin Yacht Club[235] are
located in the city. Both organisations conduct regular yachting
tournaments.
Kochi
Kochi was the only Indian city chosen for stopover during
the Volvo Ocean Race 2008.
Navy
Main article: Southern Naval Command
The Southern Naval Command, one of the three main formations of the
Indian Navy
Indian Navy has its headquarters in
Kochi
Kochi at INS Venduruthy. It is
commanded by the Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief. The Southern Naval
Command consists of Flag Officer Sea Training (FOST), a training
squadron, training establishments and bases, and land forces and
survey ships. It has a naval air station, and a ship repair
yard.[236][237]
The
Indian Navy
Indian Navy Day is also celebrated here. It is a week-long event
showcasing warships, planes, helicopters etc. of the
Indian Navy
Indian Navy at
INS Venduruthy. It is a public event attended in large
numbers.[238][239]
The close by located
Cochin Shipyard
Cochin Shipyard Limited is the largest
shipbuilding and maintenance facility in India.[240] Presently it is
building the first indigenous aircraft carrier for the Indian Navy.
Sister cities
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in India
Kochi
Kochi is twinned with:
Norfolk, Virginia, United States[241]
Menlo Park, California, United States[242]
Pyatigorsk, Russia[243]
See also
Neighbourhoods of Kochi
List of tallest buildings in Kochi
List of tourist attractions in Kochi
Pilgrimage centres near
Ernakulam
Ernakulam city
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Further reading
Ma Huan: Ying Yai Sheng Lan, The Overall Survey of the Ocean's Shores,
translated by J.V.G. Mills, 1970 Hakluyt Society, reprint 1997 White
Lotus Press. ISBN 974-8496-78-3
Plunkett, R, Cannon, T, Davis, P, Greenway, P & Harding, P (2001),
Lonely Planet South India, Lonely Planet, ISBN 1-86450-161-8
Manorama Yearbook 2003 (English Edition) ISBN 81-900461-8-7
Robert Charles Bristow. Cochin Saga, Paico Pub. House; 2d ed. edition
(1967), OCLC 1659055
Unemployment in
Kerala
Kerala at the turn of the 20th century Insights from
the CDS gulf migration studies by K. C. Zachariah, S. Irudaya Rajan
Kochi
Kochi Rajyacharithram by KP Padmanabha Menon. P (1914)
"Akhilavijnanakosam".
Malayalam
Malayalam Encyclopedia. D C Books Multimedia
Series.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kochi, Kerala.
Find more aboutKochiat's sister projects
Definitions from Wiktionary
Media from Wikimedia Commons
News from Wikinews
Quotations from Wikiquote
Texts from Wikisource
Textbooks from Wikibooks
Travel guide from Wikivoyage
Learning resources from Wikiversity
Official website (Government of Kerala)
Official website (Government of India)
The Story of India: South India, Cochin, BBC
v
t
e
Kochi
Landmarks
Marine Drive
Mattancherry
Mattancherry Palace
Hill Palace
Durbar Hall Ground
Tourist attractions
Neighbourhoods
Ernakulam
Fort Kochi
Mattancherry
Kaloor
Palarivattom
Gandhi Nagar
Marine Drive
Edappally
Kakkanad
Kadavanthra
Vyttila
Willingdon Island
History
Kingdom of Cochin
Thoma of Villarvattom
History of Kerala
Travancore-Cochin
Transport
Cochin International Airport
Cochin Harbour Terminus
Edappally
Edappally railway station
Ernakulam
Ernakulam Junction railway station
Ernakulam
Ernakulam Terminus railway station
Ernakulam
Ernakulam Town railway station
Cochin Port
Cochin Shipyard
Kerala
Kerala Urban Road Transport Corporation
Kerala
Kerala State Road Transport Corporation
Kerala
Kerala State Water Transport Department
Kochi
Kochi Metro
Vyttila
Vyttila Mobility Hub
Government
Kochi
Kochi Municipal Corporation
Kerala
Kerala High Court
Organizations
Cochin Stock Exchange
Consumerfed
Fertilisers and Chemicals Travancore
Greater Cochin
Greater Cochin Development Authority
International Container Transshipment Terminal, Kochi
Kerala
Kerala State Civil Supplies Corporation
Kochi
Kochi Refineries
Malls
Oberon Mall
LuLu International Shopping Mall
Gold Souk Grandé
Abad Nucleus Mall
Forum Thomsun Mall
Bay Pride Mall
Q1 Mall
Culture
Cochin Jews
Saint Thomas Christians
Cuisine of Kerala
Culture of Kerala
Kalabhavan
Malayalam
Onam
Syro-Malabar Catholic Major Archeparchy of Ernakulam-Angamaly
Roman Catholic
Roman Catholic Diocese of Cochin
Roman Catholic
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Verapoly
Vishu
Places of worship
Chottanikkara
Chottanikkara Temple
Sree Poornathrayeesa Temple
Ernakulam
Ernakulam Shiva Temple
Thamaramkulangara Sree Dharma Sastha Temple
Paradesi Synagogue
St. Mary's Syro-Malabar Catholic Cathedral Basilica, Ernakulam
St. George Syro-Malabar Catholic Forane Church, Edappally
St. Francis Church
Vallarpadam
Vallarpadam Church
Health care
Amala Institute of Medical Sciences
Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre
Aster Medcity
Gautham Hospital
General Hospital
Indira Gandhi Co-operative Hospital
Lakeshore Hospital
Lisie Hospital
Lisie Heart Institute
Lourdes Heart institute
Lourdes Hospital (Kerala)
Mar Augustine Kandathil Memorial Lisie Hospital
Medical Trust Hospital
Saraf Hospital
Sunrise Hospital Kochi
Renai medicity
Rajagiri
Rajagiri Hospital
Schools
Assissi Vidyaniketan
Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan
Chinmaya Vidyalaya
Choice School
Cochin Refineries School
Kendriya Vidyalaya
Navy Children School
Sacred Heart Higher Secondary School, Thevara
SRV High School
St.Treasas Convent Girls Higher Secondary School
Toc-H Public School
The Delta Study
Vidyodaya School
Universities
Cochin University
Cochin University of Science and Technology
National University of Advanced Legal Studies
Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute
Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit
Model Engineering College
Government Law College, Ernakulam
School of Communication and Management Studies
Albertian Institute of Management
Rajagiri
Rajagiri School of Engineering & Technology
Federal Institute of Science and Technology
Sacred Heart College, Thevara
SCMS School of Engineering and Technology
St. Teresa's College
Maharaja's College, Ernakulam
MES College Marampally, Aluva
Government Medical College, Ernakulam
Bharata Mata College
St. Albert's College
Roads
Mahatma Gandhi
Mahatma Gandhi Road
Chittoor
Chittoor Road
Banerji Road
Shanmugham Road
Park Avenue
S.A Road
Kaloor-
Kadavanthra
Kadavanthra Road
Subhash Chandra Bose Road
Kochi
Kochi Bypass
Seaport-Airport Road
Sports
Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium
Regional Sports Centre
Kochi Tuskers
Kochi Tuskers Kerala
Press
Malayala Manorama
Mathrubhumi
Madhyamam
Madhyamam Daily
Deshabhimani
Sathyadeepam
Television channels
Reporter TV
Indiavision
v
t
e
Neighbourhoods of Kochi
Alengad
Aluva
Ambalamugal
Angamaly
Arookutty
Azhikode
Chellanam
Chendamangalam
Chengamanad
Cherai
Cheranallur
Cherthala
Choornikkara
Chottanikkara
Chittoor
Edapally
Edathala
Elamkulam
Eloor
Ezhikkara
Fort Kochi
Gandhi Nagar
Kunnukara
Kadamakkudy
Kadavanthra
Kadungallur
Kakkanad
Kalady
Kalamassery
Kaloor
Karukutty
Kizhakkambalam
Kodungallur
Kolenchery
Kumbalam
Kumbalangy
Maliankara
Marine Drive
Moothakunnam
Mulavukad
Nedumbassery
Njarackal
North Paravur
Pachalam
Palarivattom
Palluruthy
Panampilly Nagar
Panayikulam
Pathalam
Pattimattom
Perumbavoor
Puthencruz
Puthuvype
Thiruvankulam
Thoppumpady
Thrikkakara
Thrippunithura
Thuravoor Thekku
Thuruthipuram
Vaduthala
Vallarpadam
Varapuzha
Vazhakulam
Vennala
Vypin
Vyttila
Willingdon Island
v
t
e
Million-plus agglomerations in India
North
Chandigarh
Delhi
Haryana: Faridabad
Jammu and Kashmir: Srinagar
Punjab: Ludhiana
Amritsar
Rajasthan: Jaipur
Jodhpur
Kota
Central
Chhattisgarh: Raipur
Bhilai
Madhya Pradesh: Indore
Bhopal
Jabalpur
Gwalior
Uttar Pradesh: Kanpur
Lucknow
Ghaziabad
Agra
Varanasi
Meerut
Allahabad
Eastern
Bihar: Patna
Jharkhand: Jamshedpur
Dhanbad
Ranchi
West Bengal: Kolkata
Asansol
Western
Gujarat: Ahmedabad
Surat
Vadodara
Rajkot
Maharashtra: Mumbai
Pune
Nagpur
Nashik
Vasai-Virar
Aurangabad
Southern
Andhra Pradesh: Visakhapatnam
Vijayawada
Karnataka: Bangalore
Kerala: Kochi
Kozhikode
Thrissur
Malappuram
Thiruvananthapuram
Kannur
Kollam
Tamil Nadu: Chennai
Coimbatore
Madurai
Tiruchirappalli
Telangana: Hyderabad
v
t
e
Populated places in
Ernakulam
Ernakulam district
Cities
and
towns
Aluva
Angamaly
Ayyampuzha
Chendamangalam
Chengamanad
Cheranallur
Choornikkara
Chottanikkara
Chowwara
Edathala
Edappally
Eloor
Ernakulam
Kadamakkudy
Kakkanad
Kalamassery
Kanayannur
Kochi
Kolenchery
Kothamangalam
Muvattupuzha
Koothattukulam
Piravom
Kalady
Kottuvally
Kumbalam
Kunnathunad
Kureekkad
Malayattoor
Maradu
Mulavukad
North Paravur
Perumbavoor
Puthuvypin
Thiruvankulam
Thrikkakara
Thrippunithura
Varappuzha
Vazhakkala
Willingdon Island
Sub-districts
and
villages
Aluva
Ayyampuzha
Karukutty
Malayattoor
Manjapra
Mookkannoor
Parakkadavu
Thuravoor
Kanayannur
Edakkattuvayal
Kaippattur
Keecherry
Kulayettikara
Thrikkakara North
Thrikkakara North (Part)
Kochi
Chellanam
Edavanakkad
Kuzhuppilly
Nayarambalam
Pallippuram
Kothamangalam
Kedavoor
Keerampara
Kottappady
Kuttamangalam
Kuttampuzha
Neriamangalam
Pindimana
Pothanikkad
Thrikkariyoor
Thrikkariyoor (Part)
Varappetty
Kunnathunad
Aikaranad North
Aikaranad South
Arakapady
Asamannoor
Irapuram
Kizhakkambalam
Kodanad
Kombanad
Mazhuvannoor
Pattimattom
Rayamangalam
Thiruvaniyoor
Vadavukode
Vengoor
Vengoor West
Vengoor
Muvattupuzha
Arakuzha
Elanji
Enanalloor
Kalloorkkad
Koothattukulam
Maneed
Manjalloor
Marady
Marady (Part)
Memury
Mulavoor
Muvattupuzha
Muvattupuzha (Part)
Onakkoor
Palakkuzha
Piravom
Ramamangalam
Thirumarady
Valakam
Paravur
Ezhikkara
Kunnukara
v
t
e
State of Kerala
Capital: Thiruvananthapuram
Symbols
Bird
Great hornbill
Animal
Indian elephant
Tree
Coconut
Flower
Golden shower
Fish
Karimeen
Topics
Arts
Culture
Demographics
Economy
Education
Film
Geography
Roads
Ports
History
Flora and Fauna
Government
Tourism
Sports
Districts
Thiruvananthapuram
Thiruvananthapuram KL-01
Kollam
Kollam KL-02
Pathanamthitta
Pathanamthitta KL-03
Alappuzha
Alappuzha KL-04
Kottayam
Kottayam KL-05
Idukki
Idukki KL-06
Ernakulam
Ernakulam KL-07
Thrissur
Thrissur KL-08
Palakkad
Palakkad KL-09
Malappuram
Malappuram KL-10
Kozhikode
Kozhikode KL-11
Wayanad KL-12
Kannur
Kannur KL-13
Kasaragod
Kasaragod KL-14
Taluks
Neyyattinkara
Kattakada
Thiruvananthapuram
Nedumangad
Chirayinkeezhu
Varkala
Kollam
Karunagappalli
Kunnathur
Kottarakkara
Punalur
Pathanapuram
Adoor
Konni
Kozhencherry
Ranni
Mallapally
Tiruvalla
Chengannur
Mavelikkara
Karthikappally
Ambalappuzha
Kuttanad
Cherthala
Changanassery
Kottayam
Kanjirappally
Meenachil
Vaikom
Peermade
Udumbanchola
Idukki
Thodupuzha
Devikulam
Kothamangalam
Muvattupuzha
Kunnathunad
Kanayannur
Kochi
Aluva
North Paravur
Kodungallur
Chalakudy
Mukundapuram
Thrissur
Chavakkad
Thalapilly
Alathur
Chittur
Palakkad
Pattambi
Ottapalam
Mannarkkad
Perinthalmanna
Ponnani
Thirur
Tirurangadi
Eranad
Kondotty
Nilambur
Kozhikode
Thamarassery
Koyilandy
Vatakara
Vythiri
Sultan Bathery
Mananthavady
Iritty
Thalassery
Kannur
Taliparamba
Hosdurg
Vellarikundu
Kasaragod
Manjeshwaram
Municipal Corporations
Thiruvananthapuram
Kochi
Kozhikode
Kollam
Thrissur
Kannur
Municipalities
Adoor
Anthoor
Alappuzha
Aluva
Angamaly
Attingal
Chalakudy
Changanassery
Chavakkad
Chengannur
Cherthala
Chittur
Tattamangalam
Eloor
Guruvayur
Irinjalakuda
Iritty
Kalamassery
Kalpetta
Kanhangad
Karunagappalli
Kasaragod
Kayamkulam
Kodungallur
Kuthuparamba
Kothamangalam
Kottakkal
Kottarakkara
Kottayam
Koyilandy
Kunnamkulam
Malappuram
Manjeri
Maradu
Mattanur
Mavelikkara
Muvattupuzha
Nedumangad
Neyyattinkara
Nilambur
Nileshwaram
North Paravur
Ottapalam
Palai
Palakkad
Panoor
Paravur
Pathanamthitta
Payyanur
Perintalmanna
Perumbavoor
Ponnani
Punalur
Shoranur
Sreekandapuram
Thalassery
Taliparamba
Tiruvalla
Thodupuzha
Thrikkakkara
Thrippunithura
Tirur
Vatakara
Vaikom
Varkala
Other Towns
Parassala
Balaramapuram
Kattakkada
Chirayinkeezhu
Kilimanoor
Chathannur
Kundara
Chavara
Oachira
Sasthamkotta
Kunnathur
Anchal
Pathanapuram
Kozhencherry
Konni
Ranni
Mallapally
Kumbanad
Aranmula
Kulanada
Omalloor
Vadasserikkara
Parumala
Mannar
Charummoodu
Ambalapuzha
Mararikulam
Aroor
Kanjirapally
Erumeli
Mundakayam
Vazhoor
Karukachal
Pampady
Puthuppally
Kuravilangad
Uzhavoor
Thalayolaparambu
Kaduthuruthy
Peermade
Vandiperiyar
Kumily
Rajakkad
Munnar
Devikulam
Adimali
Kolenchery
Puthencruz
Kunnathunad
Kalady
Malayattoor
Chottanikkara
Udayamperoor
Varapuzha
Sreemoolanagaram
Nedumbassery
Mala
Kodakara
Pudukkad
Manalur
Pavaratty
Chelakkara
Vadakkencherry
Alathur
Nemmara
Puthunagaram
Malampuzha
Sreekrishnapuram
Lakkidi-Perur
Thrithala
Edappal
Tavanur
Angadipuram
Mankada
Kuttippuram
Karipur
Areekode
Wandoor
Vengara
Vallikunnu
Olavanna
Kunnamangalam
Thamarassery
Thiruvambady
Kodencheri
Balussery
Perambra
Nadapuram
Kuttiyadi
Lakkidi
Vythiri
Chundale
Meppadi
Kottappadi
Muttil
Padinharethara
Meenangadi
Panamaram
Pulpally
Peravoor
Dharmadam
Anjarakandi
Muzhappilangad
Azhikode
Cherukunnu
Pappinisseri
Kaliiasseri
Irikkur
Alakode
Trikaripur
Cheruvathur
Bekal
Udma
Vellarikundu
Parappa
Karadka
Kumbala
Mangalpady
Uppala
Manjeshwaram
Historical Regions
Malabar
North Malabar
South Malabar
Cochin
Venad
Venad Swarupam (Kingdom of Quilon)
Travancore
Travancore-Cochin
Portal: Kerala
v
t
e
Portuguese overseas empire
North Africa
15th century
1415–1640
Ceuta
1458–1550
Alcácer Ceguer (El Qsar es Seghir)
1471–1550
Arzila (Asilah)
1471–1662
Tangier
1485–1550
Mazagan (El Jadida)
1487–16th century
Ouadane
1488–1541
Safim (Safi)
1489
Graciosa
16th century
1505–1541
Santa Cruz do Cabo de Gué (Agadir)
1506–1525
Mogador (Essaouira)
1506–1525
Aguz (Souira Guedima)
1506–1769
Mazagan (El Jadida)
1513–1541
Azamor (Azemmour)
1515–1541
São João da Mamora (Mehdya)
1577–1589
Arzila (Asilah)
Sub-Saharan Africa
15th century
1455–1633
Anguim
1462–1975
Cape Verde
1470–1975
São Tomé1
1471–1975
Príncipe1
1474–1778
Annobón
1478–1778
Fernando Poo (Bioko)
1482–1637
Elmina
Elmina (São Jorge da Mina)
1482–1642
Portuguese Gold Coast
1508–15472
Madagascar3
1498–1540
Mascarene Islands
16th century
1500–1630
Malindi
1501–1975
Portuguese Mozambique
1502–1659
Saint Helena
1503–1698
Zanzibar
1505–1512
Quíloa (Kilwa)
1506–1511
Socotra
1557–1578
Accra
1575–1975
Portuguese Angola
1588–1974
Cacheu4
1593–1698
Mombassa (Mombasa)
17th century
1645–1888
Ziguinchor
1680–1961
São João Baptista de Ajudá
1687–1974
Bissau4
18th century
1728–1729
Mombassa (Mombasa)
1753–1975
Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe
19th century
1879–1974
Portuguese Guinea
1885–1974
Portuguese Congo5
1 Part of São Tomé and
Príncipe
Príncipe from 1753.
2 Or 1600.
3 A factory (Anosy Region) and small temporary coastal bases.
4 Part of
Portuguese Guinea
Portuguese Guinea from 1879.
5 Part of
Portuguese Angola
Portuguese Angola from the 1920s.
Middle East [Persian Gulf]
16th century
1506–1615
Gamru (Bandar Abbas)
1507–1643
Sohar
1515–1622
Hormuz (Ormus)
1515–1648
Quriyat
1515–?
Qalhat
1515–1650
Muscat
1515?–?
Barka
1515–1633?
Julfar (Ras al-Khaimah)
1521–1602
Bahrain
Bahrain (Muharraq • Manama)
1521–1529?
Qatif
1521?–1551?
Tarut Island
1550–1551
Qatif
1588–1648
Matrah
17th century
1620–?
Khor Fakkan
1621?–?
As Sib
1621–1622
Qeshm
1623–?
Khasab
1623–?
Libedia
1624–?
Kalba
1624–?
Madha
1624–1648
Dibba Al-Hisn
1624?–?
Bandar-e Kong
Indian subcontinent
15th century
1498–1545
Laccadive Islands
(Lakshadweep)
16th century
Portuguese India
• 1500–1663
Cochim (Kochi)
• 1501–1663
Cannanore (Kannur)
• 1502–1658
1659–1661
Quilon
(Coulão / Kollam)
• 1502–1661
Pallipuram (Cochin de Cima)
• 1507–1657
Negapatam (Nagapatnam)
• 1510–1961
Goa
• 1512–1525
1750
Calicut
(Kozhikode)
• 1518–1619
Portuguese Paliacate outpost (Pulicat)
• 1521–1740
Chaul
(Portuguese India)
• 1523–1662
Mylapore
• 1528–1666
Chittagong
(Porto Grande De Bengala)
• 1531–1571
Chaul
• 1531–1571
Chalé
• 1534–1601
Salsette Island
• 1534–1661
Bombay (Mumbai)
• 1535
Ponnani
• 1535–1739
Baçaím (Vasai-Virar)
• 1536–1662
Cranganore (Kodungallur)
• 1540–1612
Surat
• 1548–1658
Tuticorin (Thoothukudi)
• 1559–1961
Daman and Diu
• 1568–1659
Mangalore
(Portuguese India)
• 1579–1632
Hugli
• 1598–1610
Masulipatnam (Machilipatnam)
1518–1521
Maldives
1518–1658
Portuguese Ceylon
.svg/250px-Flag_of_Portugal_(1640).svg.png)
Portuguese Ceylon (Sri Lanka)
1558–1573
Maldives
17th century
Portuguese India
• 1687–1749
Mylapore
18th century
Portuguese India
• 1779–1954
Dadra and Nagar Haveli
East Asia and Oceania
16th century
1511–1641
Portuguese Malacca
Portuguese Malacca [Malaysia]
1512–1621
Maluku [Indonesia]
• 1522–1575
Ternate
• 1576–1605
Ambon
• 1578–1650
Tidore
1512–1665
Makassar
1557–1999
Macau [China]
1580–1586
Nagasaki [Japan]
17th century
1642–1975
Portuguese Timor
Portuguese Timor (East Timor)1
19th century
Portuguese Macau
• 1864–1999
Coloane
• 1851–1999
Taipa
• 1890–1999
Ilha Verde
20th century
Portuguese Macau
• 1938–1941
Lapa and Montanha (Hengqin)
1 1975 is the year of East Timor's Declaration of Independence and
subsequent invasion by Indonesia. In 2002, East Timor's independence
was fully recognized.
North America & North Atlantic
15th century [Atlantic islands]
1420
Madeira
1432
Azores
16th century [Canada]
1500–1579?
Terra Nova (Newfoundland)
1500–1579?
Labrador
1516–1579?
Nova Scotia
South America & Antilles
16th century
1500–1822
Brazil
• 1534–1549
Captaincy Colonies of Brazil
• 1549–1572
Brazil
• 1572–1578
Bahia
• 1572–1578
Rio de Janeiro
• 1578–1607
Brazil
• 1621–1815
Brazil
1536–1620
Barbados
17th century
1621–1751
Maranhão
1680–1777
Nova Colónia do Sacramento
18th century
1751–1772
Grão-Pará and Maranhão
1772–1775
Grão-Pará and Rio Negro
1772–1775
Maranhão and Piauí
19th century
1808–1822
Cisplatina
Cisplatina (Uruguay)
1809–1817
Portuguese Guiana (Amapá)
1822
Upper Peru
Upper Peru (Bolivia)
Coats of arms of Portuguese colonies
Evolution of the Portuguese Empire
Portuguese colonial architecture
Portuguese colonialism in Indonesia
Portuguese colonization of the Americas
Theory of the Portuguese discovery of Australia
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 248705323
GND: 4285343-6
BNF: cb11969178g (data)<