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The Most Exalted Order of the Star of India is an order of chivalry founded by Queen Victoria in 1861. The Order includes members of three classes:
# Knight Grand Commander (:Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India, GCSI)
# Knight Commander (:Knights Commander of the Order of the Star of India, KCSI)
# Companion (:Companions of the Order of the Star of India, CSI)
No appointments have been made since the 1948 New Year Honours, shortly after the Partition of India in 1947. With the death in 2009 of the last surviving knight, the Tej Singh Prabhakar, Maharaja of Alwar, the order became dormant.
The motto of the order was "Heaven's Light Our Guide". The Star of India (flag)#Emblem, Star of India emblem, the insignia of order and the informal emblem of British India, was also used as the basis of Star of India (flag), a series of flags to represent the Indian Empire.
The order was the fifth most senior British order of chivalry, following the Order of the Garter, Order of the Thistle, Order of St Patrick and Order of the Bath. It is the senior order of chivalry associated with the British Raj; junior to it is the Order of the Indian Empire, Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire, and there is also, for women only, the Imperial Order of the Crown of India.
The first appointees were:
* Albert, Prince Consort, The Prince Consort
* Edward VII, The Prince of Wales
*Kashirao Dada Saheb Holkar, Raja Of Indore
* Charles Canning, 1st Earl Canning, Earl Canning, Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath, GCB, Governor-General of India and Grand Master (order), Grand Master of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India
*Shahu of Kolhapur, Maharaja of Kolhapur
* Afzal ad-Dawlah, Asaf Jah V, the 5th Nizam of Hyderabad
* Jayajirao Scindia, Maharaja of Gwalior
* Maharaja Duleep Singh, former Maharaja of the Sikh Empire
* Ranbir Singh (Maharaja), Ranbir Singh Dogra, Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir
* Tukojirao Holkar, Maharaja of Indore
* Narendra Singh, Maharaja of Patiala
* Khanderrao Gaekwad, Maharaja of Baroda
* Maharaja Bir Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana of Nepal
* Nawab Sikander Begum, Nawab Begum of Bhopal
* Yusef Ali Khan Bahadur, Nawab of Rampur
* Nawab Khwaja_Salimullah, Sir Khwaja Salimullah Bahadur, Nawab of Dhaka
* Hugh Gough, 1st Viscount Gough, Viscount Gough, Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Army
* George Harris, 3rd Baron Harris, Lord Harris, Governor of Madras
* Colin Campbell, 1st Baron Clyde, Lord Clyde, Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Army
* Sir George Russell Clerk, Governor of Bombay
* Sir John Laird Mair Lawrence, Bt, GCB, Lieutenant-Governor of the Punjab
* Sir James Outram, 1st Baronet, Sir James Outram, Bt, GCB, Member of the Viceroy's Council
* Sir Hugh Henry Rose, GCB, Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Army
* Mir Osman Ali Khan, Mir Osman Ali Khan Siddiqi Bayafandi - Asaf Jah VII - 7th Nizam of Hyderabad State, Hyderabad
* Maharaj Bhim Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana
* Sadeq Mohammad Khan IV, Nawab of Bahawalpur
The Order of the Indian Empire, founded in 1877, was intended to be a less exclusive version of the Order of the Star of India; consequently, many more appointments were made to the latter than to the former. The last appointments to the orders relating to the British Empire in India were made in the 1948 New Year Honours, some months after the Partition of India in August 1947. As the last Grand Master of the orders, the Earl Mountbatten of Burma was also the last known individual to have publicly worn the stars of a Knight Grand Commander of both orders, during the Queen's Silver Jubilee celebrations in 1977.
The orders have never been formally abolished, and Charles III succeeded his mother Elizabeth II as Sovereign of the Orders when he ascended the throne in 2022. He remains Sovereign of the Order to this day. However, there are no living members of the order.
* There were only three female members of the Order: Sultan Shah Jahan, Begum of Bhopal and her daughter, Kaikhusrau Jahan, Begum of Bhopal, Hajjah Nawab Begum Dame Sultan Jahan, and Mary of Teck.
* The last Grand Master of the Order, Admiral of the Fleet Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, The Earl Mountbatten of Burma (1900–1979), was assassinated by the Provisional Irish Republican Army, Provisional IRA on 27 August 1979.
* The last surviving Knight Grand Commander, Maharaja Sree Padmanabhadasa Sir Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma GCSI, GCIE, Maharajah of Travancore (1912–1991); died 19 July 1991 in Trivandrum.
* The last surviving Knight Commander, Maharaja Sir Tej Singh Prabhakar Bahadur KCSI (1911–2009), Maharaja of Alwar, died on 15 February 2009 in New Delhi.
* The last surviving Companion of the Order, Vice-Admiral Sir Ronald Brockman Companion of the Order of the Star of India, CSI (1909–1999), died on 3 September 1999 in London.
The British monarchy, British Sovereign was, and still is, Sovereign of the Order. The next most senior member was the Grand Master, a position held ''ex officio'' by the Viceroy of India. When the order was established in 1861, there was only one class of Knights Companion, who bore the postnominals KSI. In 1866, however, it was expanded to three classes. Members of the first class were known as "Knights Grand Commander" (rather than the usual "Knights Grand Cross") so as not to offend the non-Christian Indians appointed to the Order. All those surviving members who had already been made Knights Companion of the Order were retroactively known as Knights Grand Commander.
Former viceroys and other high officials, as well as those who served in the Department of the Secretary of State for India for at least thirty years were eligible for appointment. Rulers of Indian Princely States were also eligible for appointment. Some states were of such importance that their rulers were almost always appointed Knights Grand Commanders; such rulers included the Nizam of Hyderabad state, Hyderabad, the Maharaja of Mysore, the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir, the Gaekwad of Baroda, Maharaja of Vadodara, Baroda, the Maharajas of Gwalior, the Nawab of Bhopal, the Holkar, Maharaja of Indore, the Maharajas of Singrauli, the Maharana of Mewar, Maharana of Udaipur, Rajasthan, Udaipur, the Maharaja of Travancore, the Maharaja of Jodhpur and the Maharao of Kutch, Cutch.
Kashi Naresh Prabhu Narayan Singh of Benares and Sir Azizul Haque were appointed Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire (KCIE) in 1892 and 1941 respectively, Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire (GCIE) in 1898, and Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India (GCSI) for his services in the First World War in the 1921 New Year Honours.
Rulers of other nations in Asia and the Middle East, including the Emir of Kuwait, the Maharajas of the Rana dynasty, the Khedive of Egypt, the King of Bhutan and the rulers of Zanzibar, Bahrain and Oman were also appointed to the Order. Like some rulers of princely states, some rulers of particular prestige, for example the Maharajas of the Rana dynasty or the Sultans of Oman, were usually appointed Knights Grand Commanders.
Women, save the princely rulers, were ineligible for appointment to the order. They were, unlike the habit of many other orders, admitted as "Knights", rather than as "Dames" or "Ladies". The first woman to be admitted to the order was Nawab Sikandar Begum Sahiba, Nawab Begum of Bhopal; she was created a Knight Companion at the Order's foundation in 1861. The order's statutes were specially amended to permit the admission of Mary of Teck, Queen Mary as a Knight Grand Commander in 1911.
Members of the Order wore elaborate costumes on important ceremonial occasions:
* The ''wikt:Mantle, mantle'', worn only by Knights Grand Commander, was made of light blue satin lined with white silk. On the left side was a representation of the star (see below).
* The ''Collar (Order of Knighthood), collar'', also worn only by Knights Grand Commander, was made of gold. It was composed of alternating figures of lotuses, red and white roses and palm branches, with an imperial crown in the centre.
On certain "collar days" designated by the Sovereign, members attending formal events wore the order's collar over their military uniform, formal day dress, or evening wear. When collars were worn (either on collar days or on formal occasions such as coronations), the badge was suspended from the collar.
At less important occasions, simpler insignia were used:
* The ''star'', worn only by Knights Grand Commanders and Knights Commanders, included a sunburst, with twenty-six large rays alternating with twenty-six small rays; it was in gold and circular for Knights Grand Commanders, and in silver and eight-pointed for Knights Commanders. In the centre of the sunburst was a light blue ring bearing the motto of the Order. Within the ribbon was a five-pointed star, decorated with diamonds for Knights Grand Commanders.
* The ''badge'' was worn by Knights Grand Commanders on a white-edged light blue riband, or sash, passing from the right shoulder to the left hip, and by Knights Commanders and Companions from a white-edged light blue ribbon around the neck. It included an oval, containing the effigy of the Sovereign, surrounded by a light blue ring bearing the motto of the Order; the oval was suspended from a five-pointed star, which may be decorated with diamonds depending on class.
Unlike the insignia of most other British chivalric orders, the insignia of the Order of the Star of India did not incorporate crosses, as they were deemed unacceptable to the Indian Princes appointed to the Order.
Knights Grand Commanders used the post-nominal initials "GCSI", Knights Commanders "KCSI" and Companions "CSI". Knights Grand Commanders and Knights Commanders prefixed "Sir" to their forenames. Wives of Knights Grand Commanders and Knights Commanders could prefix "Lady" to their surnames. Such forms were not used by peers and Indian princes, except when the names of the former were written out in their fullest forms.
Knights Grand Commanders were also entitled to receive Heraldry, heraldic supporters. They could, furthermore, encircle their arms with a depiction of the circlet (a circle bearing the motto) and the Collar (Order of Knighthood), collar; the former is shown either outside or on top of the latter. Knights Commanders and Companions were permitted to display the circlet, but not the collar, surrounding their arms. The badge is depicted suspended from the collar or circlet.
File:Victor Bruce, 9th Earl of Elgin Viceroy of India.jpg, Victor Bruce, 9th Earl of Elgin, Viceroy of India, in the robes of the Order of the Star of India
File:Sayajirao_Gaekwad_III,_Maharaja_of_Baroda,_1919.jpg, Sayajirao Gaekwad III, Maharaja of Baroda, wearing the sash and star of a GCSI, as well as the star of a GCIE, 1919
File:Sir Asutosh Mukharji.JPG, Ashutosh Mukherjee, the "Tiger of Bengal"
File:Charles Hardinge.jpg, Charles Hardinge, Viceroy of India, in the robes of the Order
File:H H Raja of Cochin.jpg, Rama Varma XV, The Maharaja of Cochin wearing the mantle of the Order for the occasion of Edward VII of the United Kingdom, King Edward VII's Delhi Durbar of 1903
Proclamation founding the Order of the Star of India
london-gazette.co.uk, 25 June 1861. {{DEFAULTSORT:Order Of The Star Of India Order of the Star of India, Orders of chivalry of the United Kingdom Orders, decorations, and medals of British India 1861 establishments in the United Kingdom Awards established in 1861 Orders, decorations, and medals of the British Empire
The Most Exalted Order of the Star of India is an order of chivalry founded by Queen Victoria in 1861. The Order includes members of three classes:
# Knight Grand Commander (:Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India, GCSI)
# Knight Commander (:Knights Commander of the Order of the Star of India, KCSI)
# Companion (:Companions of the Order of the Star of India, CSI)
No appointments have been made since the 1948 New Year Honours, shortly after the Partition of India in 1947. With the death in 2009 of the last surviving knight, the Tej Singh Prabhakar, Maharaja of Alwar, the order became dormant.
The motto of the order was "Heaven's Light Our Guide". The Star of India (flag)#Emblem, Star of India emblem, the insignia of order and the informal emblem of British India, was also used as the basis of Star of India (flag), a series of flags to represent the Indian Empire.
The order was the fifth most senior British order of chivalry, following the Order of the Garter, Order of the Thistle, Order of St Patrick and Order of the Bath. It is the senior order of chivalry associated with the British Raj; junior to it is the Order of the Indian Empire, Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire, and there is also, for women only, the Imperial Order of the Crown of India.
History
Several years after the Indian Mutiny and the consolidation of Great Britain's power as the governing authority in India, it was decided by the British Crown to create a new order of knighthood to honour Indian Princes and Chiefs, as well as British officers and administrators who served in India. On 25 June 1861, the following proclamation was issued by Queen Victoria:
Recipients
The first appointees were:
* Albert, Prince Consort, The Prince Consort
* Edward VII, The Prince of Wales
*Kashirao Dada Saheb Holkar, Raja Of Indore
* Charles Canning, 1st Earl Canning, Earl Canning, Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath, GCB, Governor-General of India and Grand Master (order), Grand Master of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India
*Shahu of Kolhapur, Maharaja of Kolhapur
* Afzal ad-Dawlah, Asaf Jah V, the 5th Nizam of Hyderabad
* Jayajirao Scindia, Maharaja of Gwalior
* Maharaja Duleep Singh, former Maharaja of the Sikh Empire
* Ranbir Singh (Maharaja), Ranbir Singh Dogra, Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir
* Tukojirao Holkar, Maharaja of Indore
* Narendra Singh, Maharaja of Patiala
* Khanderrao Gaekwad, Maharaja of Baroda
* Maharaja Bir Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana of Nepal
* Nawab Sikander Begum, Nawab Begum of Bhopal
* Yusef Ali Khan Bahadur, Nawab of Rampur
* Nawab Khwaja_Salimullah, Sir Khwaja Salimullah Bahadur, Nawab of Dhaka
* Hugh Gough, 1st Viscount Gough, Viscount Gough, Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Army
* George Harris, 3rd Baron Harris, Lord Harris, Governor of Madras
* Colin Campbell, 1st Baron Clyde, Lord Clyde, Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Army
* Sir George Russell Clerk, Governor of Bombay
* Sir John Laird Mair Lawrence, Bt, GCB, Lieutenant-Governor of the Punjab
* Sir James Outram, 1st Baronet, Sir James Outram, Bt, GCB, Member of the Viceroy's Council
* Sir Hugh Henry Rose, GCB, Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Army
* Mir Osman Ali Khan, Mir Osman Ali Khan Siddiqi Bayafandi - Asaf Jah VII - 7th Nizam of Hyderabad State, Hyderabad
* Maharaj Bhim Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana
* Sadeq Mohammad Khan IV, Nawab of Bahawalpur
The Order of the Indian Empire, founded in 1877, was intended to be a less exclusive version of the Order of the Star of India; consequently, many more appointments were made to the latter than to the former. The last appointments to the orders relating to the British Empire in India were made in the 1948 New Year Honours, some months after the Partition of India in August 1947. As the last Grand Master of the orders, the Earl Mountbatten of Burma was also the last known individual to have publicly worn the stars of a Knight Grand Commander of both orders, during the Queen's Silver Jubilee celebrations in 1977.
The orders have never been formally abolished, and Charles III succeeded his mother Elizabeth II as Sovereign of the Orders when he ascended the throne in 2022. He remains Sovereign of the Order to this day. However, there are no living members of the order.
* There were only three female members of the Order: Sultan Shah Jahan, Begum of Bhopal and her daughter, Kaikhusrau Jahan, Begum of Bhopal, Hajjah Nawab Begum Dame Sultan Jahan, and Mary of Teck.
* The last Grand Master of the Order, Admiral of the Fleet Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, The Earl Mountbatten of Burma (1900–1979), was assassinated by the Provisional Irish Republican Army, Provisional IRA on 27 August 1979.
* The last surviving Knight Grand Commander, Maharaja Sree Padmanabhadasa Sir Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma GCSI, GCIE, Maharajah of Travancore (1912–1991); died 19 July 1991 in Trivandrum.
* The last surviving Knight Commander, Maharaja Sir Tej Singh Prabhakar Bahadur KCSI (1911–2009), Maharaja of Alwar, died on 15 February 2009 in New Delhi.
* The last surviving Companion of the Order, Vice-Admiral Sir Ronald Brockman Companion of the Order of the Star of India, CSI (1909–1999), died on 3 September 1999 in London.
Composition
The British monarchy, British Sovereign was, and still is, Sovereign of the Order. The next most senior member was the Grand Master, a position held ''ex officio'' by the Viceroy of India. When the order was established in 1861, there was only one class of Knights Companion, who bore the postnominals KSI. In 1866, however, it was expanded to three classes. Members of the first class were known as "Knights Grand Commander" (rather than the usual "Knights Grand Cross") so as not to offend the non-Christian Indians appointed to the Order. All those surviving members who had already been made Knights Companion of the Order were retroactively known as Knights Grand Commander.
Former viceroys and other high officials, as well as those who served in the Department of the Secretary of State for India for at least thirty years were eligible for appointment. Rulers of Indian Princely States were also eligible for appointment. Some states were of such importance that their rulers were almost always appointed Knights Grand Commanders; such rulers included the Nizam of Hyderabad state, Hyderabad, the Maharaja of Mysore, the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir, the Gaekwad of Baroda, Maharaja of Vadodara, Baroda, the Maharajas of Gwalior, the Nawab of Bhopal, the Holkar, Maharaja of Indore, the Maharajas of Singrauli, the Maharana of Mewar, Maharana of Udaipur, Rajasthan, Udaipur, the Maharaja of Travancore, the Maharaja of Jodhpur and the Maharao of Kutch, Cutch.
Kashi Naresh Prabhu Narayan Singh of Benares and Sir Azizul Haque were appointed Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire (KCIE) in 1892 and 1941 respectively, Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire (GCIE) in 1898, and Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India (GCSI) for his services in the First World War in the 1921 New Year Honours.
Rulers of other nations in Asia and the Middle East, including the Emir of Kuwait, the Maharajas of the Rana dynasty, the Khedive of Egypt, the King of Bhutan and the rulers of Zanzibar, Bahrain and Oman were also appointed to the Order. Like some rulers of princely states, some rulers of particular prestige, for example the Maharajas of the Rana dynasty or the Sultans of Oman, were usually appointed Knights Grand Commanders.
Women, save the princely rulers, were ineligible for appointment to the order. They were, unlike the habit of many other orders, admitted as "Knights", rather than as "Dames" or "Ladies". The first woman to be admitted to the order was Nawab Sikandar Begum Sahiba, Nawab Begum of Bhopal; she was created a Knight Companion at the Order's foundation in 1861. The order's statutes were specially amended to permit the admission of Mary of Teck, Queen Mary as a Knight Grand Commander in 1911.
Vestments and accoutrements
Members of the Order wore elaborate costumes on important ceremonial occasions:
* The ''wikt:Mantle, mantle'', worn only by Knights Grand Commander, was made of light blue satin lined with white silk. On the left side was a representation of the star (see below).
* The ''Collar (Order of Knighthood), collar'', also worn only by Knights Grand Commander, was made of gold. It was composed of alternating figures of lotuses, red and white roses and palm branches, with an imperial crown in the centre.
On certain "collar days" designated by the Sovereign, members attending formal events wore the order's collar over their military uniform, formal day dress, or evening wear. When collars were worn (either on collar days or on formal occasions such as coronations), the badge was suspended from the collar.
At less important occasions, simpler insignia were used:
* The ''star'', worn only by Knights Grand Commanders and Knights Commanders, included a sunburst, with twenty-six large rays alternating with twenty-six small rays; it was in gold and circular for Knights Grand Commanders, and in silver and eight-pointed for Knights Commanders. In the centre of the sunburst was a light blue ring bearing the motto of the Order. Within the ribbon was a five-pointed star, decorated with diamonds for Knights Grand Commanders.
* The ''badge'' was worn by Knights Grand Commanders on a white-edged light blue riband, or sash, passing from the right shoulder to the left hip, and by Knights Commanders and Companions from a white-edged light blue ribbon around the neck. It included an oval, containing the effigy of the Sovereign, surrounded by a light blue ring bearing the motto of the Order; the oval was suspended from a five-pointed star, which may be decorated with diamonds depending on class.
Unlike the insignia of most other British chivalric orders, the insignia of the Order of the Star of India did not incorporate crosses, as they were deemed unacceptable to the Indian Princes appointed to the Order.
Precedence and privileges
Members of all classes of the Order were assigned positions in the order of precedence. Wives of members of all classes also featured on the order of precedence, as did sons, daughters and daughters-in-law of Knights Grand Commanders and Knights Commanders. (See order of precedence in England and Wales for the exact positions.)
Knights Grand Commanders used the post-nominal initials "GCSI", Knights Commanders "KCSI" and Companions "CSI". Knights Grand Commanders and Knights Commanders prefixed "Sir" to their forenames. Wives of Knights Grand Commanders and Knights Commanders could prefix "Lady" to their surnames. Such forms were not used by peers and Indian princes, except when the names of the former were written out in their fullest forms.
Knights Grand Commanders were also entitled to receive Heraldry, heraldic supporters. They could, furthermore, encircle their arms with a depiction of the circlet (a circle bearing the motto) and the Collar (Order of Knighthood), collar; the former is shown either outside or on top of the latter. Knights Commanders and Companions were permitted to display the circlet, but not the collar, surrounding their arms. The badge is depicted suspended from the collar or circlet.
Gallery
See also
*List of Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of IndiaReferences
External links
*Proclamation founding the Order of the Star of India
london-gazette.co.uk, 25 June 1861. {{DEFAULTSORT:Order Of The Star Of India Order of the Star of India, Orders of chivalry of the United Kingdom Orders, decorations, and medals of British India 1861 establishments in the United Kingdom Awards established in 1861 Orders, decorations, and medals of the British Empire