Klintsy
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Klintsy (russian: Клинцы́) is a
town A town is a human settlement. Towns are generally larger than villages and smaller than cities, though the criteria to distinguish between them vary considerably in different parts of the world. Origin and use The word "town" shares an ori ...
in
Bryansk Oblast Bryansk Oblast (russian: Бря́нская о́бласть, ''Bryanskaya oblast''), also known as Bryanshchina (russian: Брянщина, ) is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is th ...
,
Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...
,located on the Turosna River, southwest of
Bryansk Bryansk ( rus, Брянск, p=brʲansk) is a city and the administrative center of Bryansk Oblast, Russia, situated on the River Desna, southwest of Moscow. Population: Geography Urban layout The location of the settlement was originally ass ...
. Population: 60,000 (1972).


Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Klintsy serves as the
administrative center An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune A commune is an alternative term for an intentional community. Commune or comună or ...
of
Klintsovsky District Klintsovsky District (russian: Клинцо́вский райо́н) is an administrativeLaw #13-Z and municipalLaw #3-Z district ( raion), one of the twenty-seven in Bryansk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the west of the oblast. The area of t ...
,Law #13-Z even though it is not a part of it.Law #69-Z As an administrative division, it is, together with two rural localities, incorporated separately as Klintsovsky Urban Administrative Okrug—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the
districts A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivisions o ...
. As a municipal division, Klintsovsky Urban Administrative Okrug is incorporated as Klintsy Urban Okrug.


History

Klintsy Sloboda was founded in 1707 by peasants-
Old Believers Old Believers or Old Ritualists, ''starovery'' or ''staroobryadtsy'' are Eastern Orthodox Christians who maintain the liturgical and ritual practices of the Russian Orthodox Church as they were before the reforms of Patriarch Nikon of Moscow bet ...
, and is named after the last names of the first settlers (Klinets) in the plural. In 1782 Klintsy was founded in a part of Surazh district. There were companies printing predominantly Old Believers
liturgical Liturgy is the customary public ritual of worship performed by a religious group. ''Liturgy'' can also be used to refer specifically to public worship by Christians. As a religious phenomenon, liturgy represents a communal response to and partic ...
books. The development of the printing industry contributed to higher literacy Klintsov population. In 1782–1796 was Klintsy part of the Novgorod-Seversky governorship, and in 1796–1802 part of the
Little Russia Little Russia (russian: Малороссия/Малая Россия, Malaya Rossiya/Malorossiya; uk, Малоросія/Мала Росія, Malorosiia/Mala Rosiia), also known in English as Malorussia, Little Rus' (russian: Малая Ру ...
province. On February 27, 1802 posad Klintsy became part of Chernigov province, Surazh district. Since the 1830s textile industries were developed which gradually became the most important industry of the city. By the end of the 19th century there was concentrated more than 90% of the textile industry of Chernigov. The city became known as the "
Manchester Manchester () is a city in Greater Manchester, England. It had a population of 552,000 in 2021. It is bordered by the Cheshire Plain to the south, the Pennines to the north and east, and the neighbouring city of Salford to the west. The t ...
of Chernigov province". In 1918 in accordance with
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (also known as the Treaty of Brest in Russia) was a separate peace, separate peace treaty signed on 3 March 1918 between Russian SFSR, Russia and the Central Powers (German Empire, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Kingdom of ...
the city was a part of the
Ukrainian People's Republic The Ukrainian People's Republic (UPR), or Ukrainian National Republic (UNR), was a country in Eastern Europe that existed between 1917 and 1920. It was declared following the February Revolution in Russia by the First Universal. In March 1 ...
, Chernigov province, Surazh district. On July 11, 1919, as part of the Gomel province of the
RSFSR The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Russian SFSR or RSFSR ( rus, Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика, Rossíyskaya Sovétskaya Federatívnaya Soci ...
, Surazh district. Since 1921 Klintsy became a district center in a part of the
Gomel Voblast Gomel Region or Gomel Oblast or Homiel Voblasts ( be, Го́мельская во́бласць, Homielskaja vobłasć, russian: Гомельская область, Gomelskaya oblast) is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center i ...
. On 19 October 1937 the city of Klintsy became part of
Oryol Oblast Oryol Oblast (russian: Орло́вская о́бласть, ''Orlovskaya oblast''), also known as Orlovshchina (russian: Орловщина) is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is th ...
, and since July 5, 1944 is part of the Bryansk Oblast. During
World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
the city was occupied by German troops August 20, 1941 to September 25, 1943. Consequently, the Jewish population, which constituted about one-fifth of the population at the start of the 20th century, was massacred. More then 3 000 Jews were murdered by a mobile squad of Einsatzgruppen in the outskirts of the village. The city was moderately affected by fallout from the Chernobyl accident in 1986.


Culture

A famous native of Klintsy is
Evgeny Belyaev Evgeny Mikhailovich Belyaev, also written as Yevgeny Belyayev (Russian: Евгений Михайлович Беля́ев) (Klintsy, 11 September 1926 – 21/22 February 1994), was a Russian tenor soloist of the Alexandrov Ensemble under Boris ...
(1926–1994) of the
Alexandrov Ensemble The Alexandrov Ensemble ( rus, Ансамбль Александрова, r=Ansambl' Aleksandrova; commonly known as the Red Army Choir in the West) is an official army choir of the Russian armed forces. Founded during the Soviet era, the e ...
. A children's music school in Klintsy is named after him, and a bust of him has been placed in the town. It is also the birthplace of the artist
Jacob Kramer Jacob Kramer (26 December 1892 – 4 February 1962)''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'' was a Russian Empire-born painter who spent all of his working life in England. Early life Jacob Kramer was born in the small town of Klintsy, then ...
, who later emigrated to England to escape anti-semitic persecution.David Manson, ''Jacob Kramer: Creativity and Loss'' (London: Sansom Press, 2006) p.10f


Twin towns and sister cities

Klintsy is twinned with: *
Kyustendil Kyustendil ( bg, Кюстендил ) is a town in the far west of Bulgaria, the capital of the Kyustendil Province, a former bishopric and present Latin Catholic titular see. The town is situated in the southern part of the Kyustendil Valley, ...
,
Bulgaria Bulgaria (; bg, България, Bǎlgariya), officially the Republic of Bulgaria,, ) is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern flank of the Balkans, and is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Macedon ...


References


Notes


Sources

* * *


External links


The murder of the Jews of Klintsy
during
World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
, at
Yad Vashem Yad Vashem ( he, יָד וַשֵׁם; literally, "a memorial and a name") is Israel's official memorial to the victims of the Holocaust. It is dedicated to preserving the memory of the Jews who were murdered; honoring Jews who fought against th ...
website. {{Authority control Cities and towns in Bryansk Oblast Surazhsky Uyezd Holocaust locations in Russia