Kirzhach
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Kirzhach (russian: Киржа́ч) is a
town A town is a human settlement. Towns are generally larger than villages and smaller than cities, though the criteria to distinguish between them vary considerably in different parts of the world. Origin and use The word "town" shares an ori ...
and the
administrative center An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune is located. In countries with French as administrative language (such as Belgium, Lu ...
of
Kirzhachsky District Kirzhachsky District (russian: Киржа́чский райо́н) is an administrativeLaw #130-OZ and municipalLaw #36-OZ district (raion), one of the sixteen in Vladimir Oblast, Russia. It is located in the west of the oblast. The area of the d ...
in
Vladimir Oblast Vladimir Oblast (russian: Влади́мирская о́бласть, ''Vladimirskaya oblast'') is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its closest border 66 Meter, km east of central Moscow, the administrative cen ...
,
Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eig ...
, located on the
Kirzhach River The Kirzhach (russian: Киржа́ч) is a river in Vladimir Oblast, Russia. It is a left tributary of the Klyazma. The length of the river is 133 km. The area of its drainage basin is 1770 km².oblast An oblast (; ; Cyrillic (in most languages, including Russian and Ukrainian): , Bulgarian: ) is a type of administrative division of Belarus, Bulgaria, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Ukraine, as well as the Soviet Union and the Kingdo ...
, west of
Vladimir Vladimir may refer to: Names * Vladimir (name) for the Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Macedonian, Romanian, Russian, Serbian, Slovak and Slovenian spellings of a Slavic name * Uladzimir for the Belarusian version of the name * Volodymyr for the Ukr ...
and south of Alexandrov. Population:


Etymology

The town is named after the
Kirzhach River The Kirzhach (russian: Киржа́ч) is a river in Vladimir Oblast, Russia. It is a left tributary of the Klyazma. The length of the river is 133 km. The area of its drainage basin is 1770 km².Moksha ''Moksha'' (; sa, मोक्ष, '), also called ''vimoksha'', ''vimukti'' and ''mukti'', is a term in Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism for various forms of emancipation, enlightenment, liberation, and release. In its soteriologic ...
or Erzya word meaning "left".


History

It was established in the 14th century as a '' sloboda'' assigned to the Annunciation Monastery. The latter was established by Saint
Sergius of Radonezh Sergius of Radonezh (russian: Се́ргий Ра́донежский, ''Sergii Radonezhsky''; 14 May 1314 – 25 September 1392), also known as Sergiy Radonezhsky, Serge of Radonezh and Sergius of Moscow, was a spiritual leader and monastic re ...
, who lived in the area between 1354 and 1358. For most of its history, the abbey remained heavily dependent upon the
Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius The Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius (russian: Тро́ице-Се́ргиева ла́вра) is the most important Russian monastery and the spiritual centre of the Russian Orthodox Church. The monastery is situated in the town of Sergiyev Pos ...
, which lies to the west. After the monastery was disbanded in 1764, the ''sloboda'' was granted municipal rights in 1778. Thereafter, Kirzhach, as many other towns in the vicinity, developed primarily as a
textile Textile is an umbrella term that includes various fiber-based materials, including fibers, yarns, filaments, threads, different fabric types, etc. At first, the word "textiles" only referred to woven fabrics. However, weaving is not the ...
center. On October 12, 2004, the settlement of Krasny Oktyabr was merged with the town.


Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Kirzhach serves as the
administrative center An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune is located. In countries with French as administrative language (such as Belgium, Lu ...
of
Kirzhachsky District Kirzhachsky District (russian: Киржа́чский райо́н) is an administrativeLaw #130-OZ and municipalLaw #36-OZ district (raion), one of the sixteen in Vladimir Oblast, Russia. It is located in the west of the oblast. The area of the d ...
, to which it is directly subordinated.Resolution #433 As a municipal division, the
town A town is a human settlement. Towns are generally larger than villages and smaller than cities, though the criteria to distinguish between them vary considerably in different parts of the world. Origin and use The word "town" shares an ori ...
of Kirzhach is incorporated within Kirzhachsky Municipal District as Kirzhach Urban Settlement.Law #36-OZ


Climate

City's climate is moderately continental: a warm summer, a cold winter with a moderate spring and fall. Average temperature in January is and in July. Mean annual
precipitation In meteorology, precipitation is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls under gravitational pull from clouds. The main forms of precipitation include drizzle, rain, sleet, snow, ice pellets, graupel and hail. ...
is . It averages 151 days per year with temperatures above . A snow cover is present for four to five months; snow starts to fall usually at the end of November or at the beginning of December. Snow melts on sun-covered places in the middle of April and in forests at the end of April.


Demographics


Architecture and landmarks

Kirzhach is famous for its great monastery—Blagoveschensky cathedral. The diminutive katholikon, erected during the reign of Ivan the Terrible, conforms to the early
Muscovite Muscovite (also known as common mica, isinglass, or potash mica) is a hydrated phyllosilicate mineral of aluminium and potassium with formula K Al2(Al Si3 O10)( F,O H)2, or ( KF)2( Al2O3)3( SiO2)6( H2O). It has a highly perfect basal cleavag ...
type of cathedral church. It is commonly regarded as one of the last and loveliest specimens of this conservative strain. The monastery's open gallery connects the cathedral with the nearby Savior church, which has a square tower and a tent-like belfry. This church is a tomb of prominent Russian boyars- Miloslavskys. The 16th-century church was demolished during the Soviet time, but people began to rebuild it in 1990s. Today the cathedral is a
convent A convent is a community of monks, nuns, religious brothers or, sisters or priests. Alternatively, ''convent'' means the building used by the community. The word is particularly used in the Catholic Church, Lutheran churches, and the Anglic ...
. Since 1997, the monastery possesses the relics of the Russian Saint, Roman Kirzhachsky, the student of another great Russian saint, Sergey Radonezhsky. Tourists can see two ancient St. Nikolay's churches—one was built in 1764, the other in 1846. On the local art palace's facade is a plaque that commemorates the meeting of
Yuri Gagarin Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin; Gagarin's first name is sometimes transliterated as ''Yuriy'', ''Youri'', or ''Yury''. (9 March 1934 – 27 March 1968) was a Soviet pilot and cosmonaut who became the first human to journey into outer space. T ...
, the world's first spaceman, with local people on 29 March 1963. On 27 March 1968, 18 km from Kirzhach (near the village of Novoselovo), Gagarin and flight instructor
Vladimir Seryogin Vladimir Sergeyevich Seryogin (russian: Владимир Сергеевич Серёгин; 7 July 1922 – 27 March 1968) was a Soviet test pilot. Vladimir Seryogin became a volunteer of the Red Army after grammar school. His flying abilities re ...
died in a plane crash. A large memorial, museum and visitors spot have been built on the crash site. Tourists can also see the buildings of shopping malls, built in the 1850s.


References


Notes


Sources

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External links

* {{Use mdy dates, date=July 2011 Cities and towns in Vladimir Oblast Pokrovsky Uyezd