Kirishsky District
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Kirishsky District (russian: Ки́ришский райо́н) is an administrativeOblast Law #32-oz and municipalLaw #49-oz district (
raion A raion (also spelt rayon) is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet states. The term is used for both a type of subnational entity and a division of a city. The word is from the French (meaning 'honeycomb, department'), and is co ...
), one of the
seventeen Seventeen or 17 may refer to: *17 (number), the natural number following 16 and preceding 18 * one of the years 17 BC, AD 17, 1917, 2017 Literature Magazines * ''Seventeen'' (American magazine), an American magazine * ''Seventeen'' (Japanese m ...
in
Leningrad Oblast Leningrad Oblast ( rus, Ленинградская область, Leningradskaya oblast’, lʲɪnʲɪnˈgratskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ, , ) is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia (an oblast). It was established on 1 August 1927, a ...
,
Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...
. It is located in the central southern part of the
oblast An oblast (; ; Cyrillic (in most languages, including Russian and Ukrainian): , Bulgarian: ) is a type of administrative division of Belarus, Bulgaria, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Ukraine, as well as the Soviet Union and the Kingdom of ...
and borders with
Volkhovsky District Volkhovsky District (russian: Во́лховский райо́н) is an administrativeOblast Law #32-oz and municipalLaw #56-oz district (raion), one of the seventeen in Leningrad Oblast, Russia. It is located in the central eastern part of the o ...
in the north,
Tikhvinsky District Tikhvinsky District (russian: Ти́хвинский райо́н) is an administrativeOblast Law #32-oz and municipalLaw #52-oz district (raion), one of the seventeen in Leningrad Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southeast of the oblast and bo ...
in the northeast,
Lyubytinsky District Lyubytinsky District (russian: Любытинский райо́н) is an administrativeLaw #559-OZ and municipalLaw #357-OZ district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Novgorod Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northeast of the oblast and borde ...
of
Novgorod Oblast Novgorod Oblast (russian: Новгоро́дская о́бласть, ''Novgorodskaya oblast'') is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Veliky Novgorod. Some of the oldest Russian cities, including ...
in the southeast,
Malovishersky District Malovishersky District (russian: Малови́шерский райо́н) is an administrativeLaw #559-OZ and municipalLaw #356-OZ district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Novgorod Oblast, Russia. It is located in the north of the oblast and b ...
of Novgorod Oblast in the south,
Chudovsky District Chudovsky District (russian: Чу́довский райо́н) is an administrativeLaw #559-OZ and municipalLaw #368-OZ district (raion), one of the administrative divisions of Novgorod Oblast, twenty-one in Novgorod Oblast, Russia. It is located ...
of Novgorod Oblast in the southwest,
Tosnensky District Tosnensky District (russian: То́сненский райо́н) is an administrativeOblast Law #32-oz and municipalLaw #116-oz district (raion), one of the seventeen in Leningrad Oblast, Russia. It is located in the central southwestern part of ...
in the west, and Kirovsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is . Its
administrative center An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune A commune is an alternative term for an intentional community. Commune or comună or ...
is the
town A town is a human settlement. Towns are generally larger than villages and smaller than cities, though the criteria to distinguish between them vary considerably in different parts of the world. Origin and use The word "town" shares an ori ...
of
Kirishi Kirishi (russian: Ки́риши, ) is a town and the administrative center of Kirishsky District in Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Volkhov River, southeast of St. Petersburg. Population: It was previously kno ...
. Population (excluding the administrative center): 12,075 ( 2002 Census);


Geography

Kirishsky District is elongated from northwest to southeast, and almost the whole area of the district belongs to the
drainage basin A drainage basin is an area of land where all flowing surface water converges to a single point, such as a river mouth, or flows into another body of water, such as a lake or ocean. A basin is separated from adjacent basins by a perimeter, t ...
of the
Volkhov River The Volkhov (russian: Во́лхов) is a river in Novgorodsky and Chudovsky Districts of Novgorod Oblast and Kirishsky and Volkhovsky Districts of Leningrad Oblast in northwestern Russia. It connects Lake Ilmen and Lake Ladoga and forms pa ...
. The Volkhov crosses the district from south to north, with its biggest tributaries within the district being the Pchyovzha River (right) and the
Tigoda River The Tigoda () is a river in Novgorodsky and Chudovsky Districts of Novgorod Oblast and Tosnensky and Kirishsky Districts of Leningrad Oblast in Russia. It is a left tributary of the Volkhov. The length of the river is , and the area of its drain ...
(left). Minor areas in the east of the district belong to the basin of the
Syas River The Syas () is a river in Lyubytinsky District of Novgorod Oblast and Tikhvinsky and Volkhovsky Districts of Leningrad Oblast, Russia. The Syas flows from the Valdai Hills north into Lake Ladoga. The town of Syasstroy is located at its mouth. It ...
. The forests occupy two thirds of the area of the district, with swamps occupying further 13%. By far the most common tree is
spruce A spruce is a tree of the genus ''Picea'' (), a genus of about 35 species of coniferous evergreen trees in the family Pinaceae, found in the northern temperate and boreal (taiga) regions of the Earth. ''Picea'' is the sole genus in the subfami ...
.


History

The Volkhov River in the medieval times served as a part of the
trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks The trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks was a medieval trade route that connected Scandinavia, Kievan Rus' and the Eastern Roman Empire. The route allowed merchants along its length to establish a direct prosperous trade with the Empir ...
. The area was a part of Novgorod Lands, subsequently of the
Novgorod Republic The Novgorod Republic was a medieval state that existed from the 12th to 15th centuries, stretching from the Gulf of Finland in the west to the northern Ural Mountains in the east, including the city of Novgorod and the Lake Ladoga regions of m ...
. After the fall of the republic, it was, together will all Novgorod Lands, annexed by the
Grand Duchy of Moscow The Grand Duchy of Moscow, Muscovite Russia, Muscovite Rus' or Grand Principality of Moscow (russian: Великое княжество Московское, Velikoye knyazhestvo Moskovskoye; also known in English simply as Muscovy from the Lati ...
. The area was included into Obozerskaya Pyatina, one of the which Novgorod Lands were divided into. Kirishi was first mentioned in chronicles in 1693. In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by
Peter the Great Peter I ( – ), most commonly known as Peter the Great,) or Pyotr Alekséyevich ( rus, Пётр Алексе́евич, p=ˈpʲɵtr ɐlʲɪˈksʲejɪvʲɪtɕ, , group=pron was a Russian monarch who ruled the Tsardom of Russia from t ...
, the area was included into Ingermanland Governorate (known since 1710 as
Saint Petersburg Governorate Saint Petersburg Governorate (russian: Санкт-Петербу́ргская губе́рния, ''Sankt-Peterburgskaya guberniya''), or Government of Saint Petersburg, was an administrative division (a '' guberniya'') of the Tsardom of Russia ...
) as
Ladozhsky Uyezd Ladozhsky (masculine), Ladozhskaya (feminine), or Ladozhskoye (neuter) may refer to: *Ladozhsky Rail Terminal, a rail terminal in St. Petersburg, Russia *Ladoga Canal (''Ladozhsky Kanal''), a water transport route in Leningrad Oblast, linking ...
with the center in
Staraya Ladoga Staraya Ladoga (russian: Ста́рая Ла́дога, p=ˈstarəjə ˈladəɡə, lit=Old Ladoga), known as Ladoga until 1704, is a rural locality (a '' selo'') in Volkhovsky District of Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the Volkhov River near ...
. In 1727, separate
Novgorod Governorate Novgorod Governorate (Pre-reformed rus, Новгоро́дская губе́рнія, r=Novgorodskaya guberniya, p=ˈnofɡərətskəjə ɡʊˈbʲernʲɪjə, t=Government of Novgorod), was an administrative division (a '' guberniya'') of the Ru ...
was split off, and the was transformed into
Novoladozhsky Uyezd Novoladozhsky Uyezd (''Новоладожский уезд'') was one of the subdivisions of the Saint Petersburg Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the northeastern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Novaya L ...
, and the administrative center was moved to
Novaya Ladoga Novaya Ladoga (russian: Но́вая Ла́дога, lit=New Ladoga) is a town in Volkhovsky District of Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located at the point where the Volkhov River flows into Lake Ladoga, east of St. Petersburg. Population: ...
. In 1776, the area was transferred to
Novgorod Viceroyalty Novgorod Viceroyalty (russian: Новгоро́дское наме́стничество) was an administrative division (a '' namestnichestvo'') of the Russian Empire, which existed in 1776–1796. The seat of the Viceroyalty was located in Novg ...
, and in 1781, it was moved back into Saint Petersburg Governorate. On December 9, 1922, the administrative center of the was moved to the selo of Gostinopolye, which was renamed Volkhov and was granted town status. The was renamed Volkhovsky. In 1924 the changes were rolled back, the administrative center moved to Novaya Ladoga, and Volkhov was demoted to a (eventually renamed Gostinopolye). The name of the uyezd remained Volkhovsky. Saint Petersburg Governorate was twice renamed, to Petrograd Governorate and subsequently to Leningrad Governorate. On August 1, 1927, the were abolished and Andreyevsky District, with the administrative center in the selo of Andreyevo, was established. The governorates were also abolished, and the district was a part of
Leningrad Okrug The Leningrad Okrug (russian: Ленингра́дский о́круг) was an okrug that briefly existed within the Leningrad Oblast in the Soviet Union, between 1927 and 1930. It covered the city currently known as Saint Petersburg, which was ...
of
Leningrad Oblast Leningrad Oblast ( rus, Ленинградская область, Leningradskaya oblast’, lʲɪnʲɪnˈgratskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ, , ) is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia (an oblast). It was established on 1 August 1927, a ...
. It included parts of former Volkhovsky Uyezd. On July 23, 1930, the okrugs were abolished as well, and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast. On September 30, 1931, the administrative center of the district was moved to the selo of Kirishi, which was formerly known as Soltsy, and the district was renamed Kirishsky. On December 27, 1933, Kirishi was granted urban-type settlement status. Between October 1941 and January 1944, during
World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
, the district were occupied by German troops. Kirishi, which was occupied for two years, was greatly damaged, and in February 1944 the administrative center of the district was moved to the urban-type settlement of
Budogoshch Budogoshch (russian: Бу́догощь) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Kirishsky District of Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the banks of the Pchyovzha River. Municipally, it serves as the administrative center of Budog ...
. On February 1, 1963, the district was abolished and merged into Volkhovsky District, and on January 12, 1965, it was re-established. Kirishi was granted town status and made the administrative center of the district. On January 26, 1967, Kirishi was made a town of oblast significance. In 2010, the administrative division of Leningrad Oblast was harmonized with the municipal division, and Kirishi was made a town of district significance. On August 1, 1927, Budogoshchensky District with the administrative center in the urban-type settlement of
Budogoshch Budogoshch (russian: Бу́догощь) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Kirishsky District of Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the banks of the Pchyovzha River. Municipally, it serves as the administrative center of Budog ...
was established as well as part of Leningrad Okrug of Leningrad Oblast. On January 1, 1932, Budogoshchensky District was abolished and split between Dregelsky and Kirishsky Districts.


Economy


Industry

There are several oil refineries and chemical industry enterprises, all located in the town of
Kirishi Kirishi (russian: Ки́риши, ) is a town and the administrative center of Kirishsky District in Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Volkhov River, southeast of St. Petersburg. Population: It was previously kno ...
. The biggest of them is
Kinef Kinef ( rus, КИНЕФ), an syllabic abbreviation, abbreviation for Kirishi Petroleum Organic Synthesis ( rus, Киришинефтеоргсинтез, Kirishinefteorgsintez), is a Russian joint stock production association operating a large o ...
. As of 2012, industry was responsible for the 88%
GDP Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all the final goods and services produced and sold (not resold) in a specific time period by countries. Due to its complex and subjective nature this measure is ofte ...
produced in the district.
Kirishi Power Station Kirishi Power Station (Kirishskya GRES) is a thermal power station ( GRES) at the town of Kirishi, Kirishsky District, Leningrad Oblast, Russia. The power plant is located adjacent to a larger Kirishi oil refinery.thermal power station A thermal power station is a type of power station in which heat energy is converted to electrical energy. In a steam-generating cycle heat is used to boil water in a large pressure vessel to produce high-pressure steam, which drives a stea ...
, is located in the town of Kirishi as well.


Agriculture

Agricultural lands occupy 17% of the district and are located in the valleys of the Volkhov, the Pchyovzha, and the Sharya, a tributary of the Oskuya. The main agricultural specializations in the district are milk and vegetables production.


Transportation

The railroad connecting
Sonkovo Sonkovo (russian: Сонко́во) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) and the administrative center of Sonkovsky District of Tver Oblast, Russia. Population: History Founded by the Russian Greek Orthodox Inkeriköt ( Izhorians) i ...
and
Mga MGA can refer to: Transport *MGA, IATA code for Augusto C. Sandino International Airport (Managua International Airport) in Managua, Nicaragua *Monongahela Railway, a former coal-hauling short line railroad in the United States *The MG MGA, a pop ...
crosses the district. The principal railway stations are Kirishi and Budogoshch. In Kirishi, another railway branches off north. It connects Kirishi with
Tikhvin Tikhvin (russian: Ти́хвин; Veps: ) is a town and the administrative center of Tikhvinsky District in Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located on both banks of the Tikhvinka River in the east of the oblast, east of St. Petersburg. Tikhvin i ...
, which lies on the line connecting St. Petersburg and
Vologda Vologda ( rus, Вологда, p=ˈvoləɡdə) is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, city and the administrative center of Vologda Oblast, Russia, located on the river Vologda (river), Vologda within the watershed of the Northern Dvina. ...
via
Cherepovets Cherepovets ( rus, Череповец, p=tɕɪrʲɪpɐˈvʲɛts) is a city in Vologda Oblast, Russia, located in the west of the oblast on the banks of the Sheksna River (a tributary of the Volga River) and on the shores of the Rybinsk Reservoir. ...
. Kirishi is connected by road with
Volkhov Volkhov (russian: Во́лхов) is an industrial town and the administrative center of Volkhovsky District in Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the river Volkhov east of St. Petersburg. Population: It was previously known as ''Zvanka ...
and
Chudovo Chudovo (russian: Чудово) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia. ;Urban localities *Chudovo, Chudovsky District, Novgorod Oblast, a town of district significance in Chudovsky District of Novgorod Oblast ;Rural localities * ...
. There are also local roads. The Volkhov River is navigable within the district, however, there is no passenger navigation.


Culture and recreation

The district contains thirty-two objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local significance. Most of them commemorate the events of World War II. The only museum in the district is the Kirishsky District Museum, located in Kirishi.


References


Notes


Sources

* * {{Use mdy dates, date=August 2012 Districts of Leningrad Oblast States and territories established in 1927