Kingdom of Montenegro (1910–1918)
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The Kingdom of Montenegro ( sr, Краљевина Црна Горa, Kraljevina Crna Gora) was a monarchy in southeastern Europe, present-day Montenegro, during the tumultuous period of time on the Balkan Peninsula leading up to and during World War I. Officially it was a constitutional monarchy, but absolutist in practice. On 28 November 1918, following the end of World War I, with the Montenegrin government still in exile, the Podgorica Assembly proclaimed unification with the
Kingdom of Serbia The Kingdom of Serbia ( sr-cyr, Краљевина Србија, Kraljevina Srbija) was a country located in the Balkans which was created when the ruler of the Principality of Serbia, Milan I, was proclaimed king in 1882. Since 1817, the Princi ...
, which itself was merged into the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes three days later, on 1 December 1918. This unification with Serbia would last, through various successor states, for almost 88 years, until finally coming to an end in 2006.


History

Prince
Nicholas of Montenegro Nikola I Petrović-Njegoš ( sr-cyr, Никола I Петровић-Његош; – 1 March 1921) was the last monarch of Montenegro from 1860 to 1918, reigning as prince from 1860 to 1910 and as the country's first and only king from 1910 to 19 ...
proclaimed the Kingdom of Montenegro in
Cetinje Cetinje (, ) is a town in Montenegro. It is the former royal capital (''prijestonica'' / приjестоница) of Montenegro and is the location of several national institutions, including the official residence of the president of Montenegro ...
on 28 August 1910, elevating the country from the rank of Principality. King Nicholas I had ruled the country as Prince since 1860, and had initiated several modernising reforms at the beginning of the 20th century, such as introducing a constitution and a new currency, the Montenegrin perper. Montenegro joined the First Balkan War in 1912, hoping to win a share in the last Ottoman-controlled areas of
Rumelia Rumelia ( ota, روم ايلى, Rum İli; tr, Rumeli; el, Ρωμυλία), etymologically "Land of the Names of the Greeks#Romans (Ῥωμαῖοι), Romans", at the time meaning Eastern Orthodox Christians and more specifically Christians f ...
. Montenegro did make further territorial gains by splitting Sandžak with Serbia on 30 May 1913. But the Montenegrins had to abandon the newly captured city of İşkodra (''Skadar'' in Serbian, modern-day
Shkodër Shkodër ( , ; sq-definite, Shkodra) is the fifth-most-populous city of the Republic of Albania and the seat of Shkodër County and Shkodër Municipality. The city sprawls across the Plain of Mbishkodra between the southern part of Lake Shkod ...
) to the new state of Albania in May 1913, at the insistence of the
Great Powers A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power in ...
. Esad Pasha made a deal to surrender the town to the Montenegrins in exchange for Montenegro supporting his claims in Central Albania. However, as Shkodër and the surroundings had a large ethnic Albanian majority, the area went to the state of Albania instead. When the Second Balkan War broke out in June 1913, Serbia fought against Bulgaria, and King Nicholas sided with Serbia. During World War I (1914–1918) Montenegro allied itself with the Triple Entente, in line with King Nicholas' pro-Serbian policy. Accordingly, Austria-Hungary
occupied ' (Norwegian: ') is a Norwegian political thriller TV series that premiered on TV2 on 5 October 2015. Based on an original idea by Jo Nesbø, the series is co-created with Karianne Lund and Erik Skjoldbjærg. Season 2 premiered on 10 October 2 ...
Montenegro from 15 January 1916 to October 1918. On 20 July 1917, the signing of the Corfu Declaration foreshadowed the unification of Montenegro with Serbia. On 26 November 1918, the Podgorica Assembly, an elected body claiming to represent Montenegrin people, unanimously adopted a resolution deposing king Nicholas I (who was still in exile) and unifying Montenegro with Serbia. Upon this event Nicholas I, who had previously supported unification with Serbia into a greater state with his dynasty playing the pivotal role, switched to promoting Montenegrin nationalism and opposing the union with Serbia, a position he maintained until his death in France in 1921. On 1 December 1918, Serbia and Montenegro together formed a major part of the new Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (Yugoslavia). During World War II, the occupying forces in Yugoslavia considered turning the Italian governorate of Montenegro into a puppet kingdom, but nothing came of these plans.


Rulers


King of Montenegro (1910–1918)

* Nicholas I of Montenegro (1910–1918)


Prime Ministers (1910–1916)

* Lazar Tomanović (1910–1912) *
Mitar Martinović Mitar Martinović ( sr-cyrl, Митар Мартиновић; Cetinje, 8 September 1870 – Belgrade, 11 February 1954) was a Montenegrin vojvoda and divisional general in the Yugoslav Royal Army. He was a short-term Prime Minister of Montenegro ...
(1912–1913) * Janko Vukotić (1913–1915) *Milo Matanović (1915–1916) *Lazar Mijušković (1916)


Prime Ministers in-exile (1916–1922)

*Lazar Mijušković (1916) *Andrija Radović (1916–1917) *Milo Matanović (1917) *Evgenije Popović (1917–1919) *Jovan Plamenac (1919–1921) *Anto Gvozdenović (1921–1922) *Milutin Vučinić (1922) *Anto Gvozdenović (1922)


Gallery

File:Flag of Montenegro (1905-1918 & 1941-1944).svg, Civil flag, Civil Flag of Montenegro, flag of the Kingdom of Montenegro File:Montenegro1913.png, The Kingdom of Montenegro in 1913 File:Proclamation of the Kingdom of Montenegro.jpg, Proclamation of the Kingdom of Montenegro, 28 August 1910


See also

*History of Montenegro *Principality of Montenegro


References


Further reading

*


External links

*
Kingdom of Montenegro in 1918


– World Statesmen {{DEFAULTSORT:Kingdom of Montenegro Kingdom of Montenegro, 1910s in Montenegro, * Former countries in the Balkans, Montenegro, Kingdom of Former monarchies, Montenegro Former monarchies of Europe, Montenegro Former kingdoms, Montenegro Former Slavic countries, Montenegro, Kingdom of 1910s establishments in Montenegro 1916 disestablishments in Europe 1918 disestablishments in Europe 1922 disestablishments in Europe States and territories established in 1910 States and territories disestablished in 1918 1910 establishments in Europe Christian states, Montenegro