Viking
Vikings ; non, víkingr is the modern name given to seafaring people originally from Scandinavia (present-day Denmark, Norway and Sweden),
who from the late 8th to the late 11th centuries raided, pirated, traded and se ...
s invaded the territory around
Dublin
Dublin (; , or ) is the capital and largest city of Ireland. On a bay at the mouth of the River Liffey, it is in the province of Leinster, bordered on the south by the Dublin Mountains, a part of the Wicklow Mountains range. At the 2016 ...
in the 9th century, establishing the
Norse Kingdom of Dublin, the earliest and longest-lasting Norse kingdom in
Ireland
Ireland ( ; ga, Éire ; Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean, in north-western Europe. It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel, the Irish Sea, and St George's Channel. Ireland is the s ...
. Its territory corresponded to most of present-day
County Dublin
"Action to match our speech"
, image_map = Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Dublin.svg
, map_alt = map showing County Dublin as a small area of darker green on the east coast within the lighter green background of ...
. The Norse referred to the kingdom as ''Dyflin'', which is derived . The first reference to the Vikings comes from the ''
Annals of Ulster
The ''Annals of Ulster'' ( ga, Annála Uladh) are annals of medieval Ireland. The entries span the years from 431 AD to 1540 AD. The entries up to 1489 AD were compiled in the late 15th century by the scribe Ruaidhrí Ó Luinín, ...
'' and the first entry for 841 AD reads: "Pagans still on Lough Neagh". It is from this date onward that historians get references to ship fortresses or
longphort
A longphort (Ir. plur. ''longphuirt'') is a term used in Ireland for a Viking ship enclosureConnolly S.J (1998). The Oxford Companion to Irish History. Oxford University Press. p. 580 or shore fortress. Although these ''longphorts'' were used as ...
s being established in Ireland. It may be safe to assume that the Vikings first over-wintered in 840–841 AD. The actual location of the longphort of Dublin is still a hotly debated issue. Norse rulers of Dublin were often co-kings, and occasionally also
Kings of Jórvík
Northumbria, a kingdom of Angles, in what is now northern England and south-east Scotland, was initially divided into two kingdoms: Bernicia and Deira. The two were first united by king Æthelfrith around the year 604, and except for occasiona ...
in what is now
Yorkshire
Yorkshire ( ; abbreviated Yorks), formally known as the County of York, is a Historic counties of England, historic county in northern England and by far the largest in the United Kingdom. Because of its large area in comparison with other Eng ...
. Under their rule, Dublin became the biggest
slave
Slavery and enslavement are both the state and the condition of being a slave—someone forbidden to quit one's service for an enslaver, and who is treated by the enslaver as property. Slavery typically involves slaves being made to perf ...
port in
Western Europe
Western Europe is the western region of Europe. The region's countries and territories vary depending on context.
The concept of "the West" appeared in Europe in juxtaposition to "the East" and originally applied to the ancient Mediterranean ...
.
Over time, the settlers in Dublin became increasingly
Gaelicized. They began to exhibit a great deal of Gaelic and Norse cultural syncretism, and are often referred to as
Norse-Gaels.
The extent of the kingdom varied, but in peaceful times it extended roughly as far as
Wicklow () in the south, Glen Ding near
Blessington
Blessington, historically known as Ballycomeen (, from the Irish surname ''Ó Coimín''), is a town on the River Liffey in County Wicklow, Ireland, near the border with County Kildare. It is around 25 km south-west of Dublin, and is sit ...
,
Leixlip
Leixlip ( or ; , IPA: lʲeːmʲənˠˈwɾˠad̪ˠaːnʲ is a town in north-east County Kildare, Ireland. Its location on the confluence of the River Liffey and the Rye Water has marked it as a frontier town historically: on the border betwee ...
() west of Dublin, and
Skerries, Dublin
Skerries () is a coastal town in Fingal, in the north of County Dublin, Ireland. Skerries was historically a fishing port and later a centre of hand embroidery. These industries declined in the early 20th century, however, and it became both a ...
() to the north. The
Fingal
Fingal ( ; ) is a county in Ireland. It is located in the province of Leinster and is part of the Eastern and Midland Region. It is one of three successor counties to County Dublin, which was disestablished for administrative purposes in 1994. ...
area north of Dublin was named after the Norse who lived there.
In 988,
Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill
Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill ( ga, Maolsheachlann mac Domhnaill), also called Máel Sechnaill Mór or Máel Sechnaill II (949 – 2 September 1022), was a King of Mide and High King of Ireland. His great victory at the Battle of Tara aga ...
led the initial Gaelic conquest of Dublin. As a result, the founding of Dublin is counted by some from the year 988, although a village had existed on the site of Dublin nearly a thousand years earlier.
Coins were minted in Dublin by about 995, and on Mann by about 1025.
[ Barrett (2016) p. 4.]
In the mid-11th century, the
Kingdom of Leinster began exerting influence over Dublin. Though the last king of Dublin was killed by the
Norman conquerors of Dublin in 1171, the population of the city retained their distinctiveness for some generations.
Kings of Dublin
^ Disputed * Speculative
Timeline of Kings of Dublin
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from: 853 till: 875 color: n text:pre-Uí Ímair
from: 875 till: 902 color: w text: Uí Ímair
from: 917 till: 1052 color: w text: Uí Ímair
from: 1052 till: 1072 color: s text: Uí C.
from: 1072 till: 1075 color: w text:
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from: 1086 till: 1089 color: s text:
from: 1089 till: 1094 color: a text:
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from: 1165 till: 1170 color: d text:
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from:853 till: 871 color:n text:" Amlaíb I Conung"
from:857 till: 873 color:n text:" Ímar I"
from:863 till: 867 color:n text:"Auisle
Auisle or Óisle ( non, Ásl or ; died c. 867) was a Viking leader in Ireland and Scotland in the mid-late ninth century. He was the son of the king of Lochlann, identified in the non-contemporary ''Fragmentary Annals of Ireland'' as Gofraid, an ...
"
from:873 till: 875 color:w text:" Oistin"
from:873 till: 881 color:w text:" Bárid"
from:875 till: 877 color:n text:" Albann"
from:881 till: 888 color:w text:" Sichfrith"
from:888 till: 896 color:w text:" Sitric I"
from:893 till: 893 color:l text:" Sichfrith Jarl"
from:896 till: 900 color:w text:" Glúniarann I"
from:900 till: 902 color:w text:" Ímar II"
from:917 till: 921 color:w text:" Sitric II Cáech"
from:921 till: 934 color:w text:" Gofraid I"
from:934 till: 941 color:w text:" Amlaíb II"
from:941 till: 945 color:w text:" Blácaire"
from:945 till: 947 color:w text:" Amlaíb III Cuarán"
from:947 till: 948 color:w text:" Blácaire"
from:948 till: 951 color:w text:" Gofraid II"
from:951 till: 980 color:w text:" Amlaíb III Cuarán"
from:980 till: 989 color:w text:" Glúniarann II"
from:989 till: 995 color:w text:" Ímar III"
from:995 till: 1036 color:w text:" Sitric III Silkbeard"
from:1036 till: 1038 color:w text:" Echmarcach"
from:1038 till: 1046 color:w text:" Ímar IV"
from:1046 till: 1052 color:w text:" Echmarcach"
from:1052 till: 1070 color:s text:" Murchad"
from:1070 till: 1072 color:s text:" Diarmait I"
from:1072 till: 1072 color:t text:" Toirdelbach I"
from:1072 till: 1075 color:w text:" Gofraid III"
from:1075 till: 1075 color:s text:" Domnall I"
from:1075 till: 1086 color:l text:" Muirchertach"
from:1086 till: 1089 color:s text:" Donnchad"
from:1091 till: 1094 color:a text:" Gofraid IV Crobán"
from:1094 till: 1094 color:l text:" Domnall II"
from:1094 till: 1102 color:l text:" Domnall III Gerrlámhach"
from:1102 till: 1103 color:y text:" Magnus Barefoot"
from:1103 till: 1115 color:l text:" Domnall III Gerrlámhach"
from:1115 till: 1117 color:s text:" Diarmait II"
from:1117 till: 1118 color:l text:" Domnall III Gerrlámhach"
from:1118 till: 1122 color:b text:" Toirdelbach II"
from:1122 till: 1126 color:s text:" Énna"
from:1126 till: 1127 color:b text:" Conchobar I"
from:1141 till: 1142 color:l text:" Conchobar II"
from:1142 till: 1148 color:t text:" Oitir"
from:1144 till: 1146 color:d text:"Ragnall
Ragnall is a village and civil parish in Nottinghamshire, England. At the time of the 2001 census it had a population of 102, increasing to 146 at the 2011 census. It is located on the A57 road one mile west of the River Trent. The parish chur ...
"
from:1148 till: 1160 color:d text:"Brodar
Brodar ( sr-cyrl, Бродар) is a village in the municipality of Višegrad, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina ( sh, / , ), abbreviated BiH () or B&H, sometimes called Bosnia–Herzegovina and often known informally as Bosn ...
"
from:1160 till: 1165 color:a text:" Gofraid V"
from:1165 till: 1170 color:d text:" Ascall"
barset:skip
See also
*
Irish nobility
*
The Pale
The Pale ( Irish: ''An Pháil'') or the English Pale (' or ') was the part of Ireland directly under the control of the English government in the Late Middle Ages. It had been reduced by the late 15th century to an area along the east coast ...
*
Uí Ímair
References
Notes
Sources
*
* Downham, Clare, ''Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of Ívarr to A.D. 1014''. Edinburgh. 2007.
*
* Forte, Angelo,
Oram, Richard, & Pedersen, Frederik,
Viking Empires'. Cambridge University Press. 2005 .
*
Hudson, Benjamin T.,
Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic'. Oxford. 2005 .
* Larsen, Anne-Christine (ed.), ''The Vikings in Ireland''. Roskilde: The Viking Ship Museum. 2001.
* Todd, James Henthorn (ed. and tr.)
Cogadh Gaedhel re Gallaibh: The War of the Gaedhil with the Gaill Longmans. 1867.
*
Woolf, Alex, "Age of Sea-Kings: 900–1300", in Donald Omand (ed.), ''The Argyll Book''. Edinburgh. 2004. pp. 94–109.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dublin, Kingdom of
1171 disestablishments
States and territories established in the 850s
Lists of monarchs
History of County Dublin
Norwegian noble families
Norwegian noble titles
Kingdoms of medieval Ireland
Viking Age in Ireland
Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)
Former kingdoms
853 establishments
1170s disestablishments in Europe
Former kingdoms in Ireland