This is a list of the monarchs of Armenia, for more information on ancient
Armenia
Armenia (), , group=pron officially the Republic of Armenia,, is a landlocked country in the Armenian Highlands of Western Asia.The UNbr>classification of world regions places Armenia in Western Asia; the CIA World Factbook , , and ''O ...
and
Armenians
Armenians ( hy, հայեր, ''hayer'' ) are an ethnic group native to the Armenian highlands of Western Asia. Armenians constitute the main population of Armenia and the ''de facto'' independent Artsakh. There is a wide-ranging diaspora ...
, please see
History of Armenia
The history of Armenia covers the topics related to the history of the Republic of Armenia, as well as the Armenian people, the Armenian language, and the regions historically and geographically considered ''Armenian''.
Armenia is locate ...
. For information on the medieval Armenian Kingdom in
Cilicia
Cilicia (); el, Κιλικία, ''Kilikía''; Middle Persian: ''klkyʾy'' (''Klikiyā''); Parthian: ''kylkyʾ'' (''Kilikiyā''); tr, Kilikya). is a geographical region in southern Anatolia in Turkey, extending inland from the northeastern co ...
, please see the separate page
Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
The Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (Middle Armenian: , '), also known as Cilician Armenia ( hy, Կիլիկեան Հայաստան, '), Lesser Armenia, Little Armenia or New Armenia, and formerly known as the Armenian Principality of Cilicia ( hy, ...
.
See
List of kings of Urartu
This article lists the kings of Urartu (Ararat or Kingdom of Van), an Iron Age kingdom centered on Lake Van in eastern Asia Minor.
Early kings
*Arame (also Aramu, Arama) 858 BC–844 BC
*Lutipri 844 BC–834 BC (?)
Rise to power
*Sarduri ...
for kings of
Urartu
Urartu (; Assyrian: ',Eberhard Schrader, ''The Cuneiform inscriptions and the Old Testament'' (1885), p. 65. Babylonian: ''Urashtu'', he, אֲרָרָט ''Ararat'') is a geographical region and Iron Age kingdom also known as the Kingdom of V ...
(Ararat), the predecessor state of
Greater Armenia
Greater Armenia ( hy, Մեծ Հայք, translit=Mets Hayk) is the name given to the Armenian state that emerged on the Armenian Highlands during the reign of King Artaxias I at the turn of the 2nd century BC. The term was used to refer prin ...
.
Greater Armenia
This is the historical designation of the largest and longest-lasting Armenian kingdom.
Orontid kings and satraps
In Armenian tradition
Early kings in traditional Armenian chronology according to
Moses of Chorene.
''Note that the early dates are traditional and of uncertain accuracy.''
*
Orontes I Sakavakyats
Orontes I Sakavakyats was a legendary king of Armenia, who was the personification of the Orontid dynasty.
In historiography
Orontes appears in both in the ''Cyropaedia'' of the Greek soldier and historian Xenophon (died 354 BC) and the ''Histor ...
(570–560 BC)
*
Tigranes Orontid (560–535 BC)
*
Vahagn
Vahagn or Vahakn ( hy, Վահագն), also known as Vahagn Vishapakagh ( hy, Վահագն Վիշապաքաղ, lit=Vahagn the Dragon-reaper, label=none), is a warrior god in Armenian mythology. Scholars consider him to be either the thunder, or s ...
(530–515 BC)
*
Hidarnes I (late 6th century BC)
*
Hidarnes II (early 5th century BC)
*
Hidarnes III Hydarnes ( peo, 𐎻𐎡𐎭𐎼𐎴, Vidṛna), also known as Idernes, was a Persian nobleman, who was active during the reign of Darius II (). He was a descendant (perhaps grandson) of Hydarnes the Younger
Hydarnes II ( peo, 𐎻𐎡𐎭𐎼𐎴, ...
(middle of the 5th century BC)
*
Ardashir (2nd half of the 5th century BC)
Attested satraps
*
Orontes (401–344 BC)
*
Darius Codomannus (344–336 BC)
Yervandian (Yervanduni or Orontid) Dynasty
*
Orontes II
Orontes II (Old Persian: ''*Arvanta-'') was a Persian noble living in the 4th century BC. He is probably to be identified as the satrap of Armenia under Darius III, and may in fact have succeeded Darius in this position when Darius ascended the t ...
(336–331 BC)
*
Mithranes (331–323 BC)
*
Neoptolemus Orontid (non-dynastic) (323–321 BC)
*
Mithranes (331–321 BC)
*
Orontes III (321–260 BC)
*
Sames (260–243 BC)
*
Arsames (243–228 BC)
*
Xerxes (228–212 BC)
*
Orontes IV (212–200 BC)
Artashesian (Artaxiad) Dynasty
*
Artaxias I
Artaxias I (from gr, Άρταξίας; in hy, Արտաշէս, translit=Artašēs) was the founder of the Artaxiad dynasty of Armenia, ruling from 189 BC to 160 BC. Artaxias was a member of a branch of the Orontid dynasty, the earlier ruling ...
(190–159 BC)
*
Artavasdes I (159–123 BC)
*
Tigranes I
Tigranes I of Armenia ( hy, Տիգրան Ա, grc, Τιγράνης) was an Artaxiad king of Armenia at the end of 2nd and the beginning of 1st century BC. Few records have survived about his and his predecessor Artavasdes I's reign, which has l ...
(123–95 BC)
*
Tigranes the Great
Tigranes II, more commonly known as Tigranes the Great ( hy, Տիգրան Մեծ, ''Tigran Mets''; grc, Τιγράνης ὁ Μέγας ''Tigránes ho Mégas''; la, Tigranes Magnus) (140 – 55 BC) was King of Armenia under whom the ...
(Tigranes II, 95–55 BC)
*
Artavasdes II (55–34 BC)
*
Artaxias II (33–20 BC)
*
Tigranes III (20–10 BC)
*
Tigranes IV with
Erato
In Greek mythology, Erato (; grc, Ἐρατώ) is one of the Greek Muses, which were inspirational goddesses of literature, science, and the arts. The name would mean "desired" or "lovely", if derived from the same root as Eros, as Apollonius ...
(10 BC–2 BC)
Roman
Roman or Romans most often refers to:
* Rome, the capital city of Italy
* Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD
*Roman people, the people of ancient Rome
*''Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a lett ...
and
Parthia
Parthia ( peo, 𐎱𐎼𐎰𐎺 ''Parθava''; xpr, 𐭐𐭓𐭕𐭅 ''Parθaw''; pal, 𐭯𐭫𐭮𐭥𐭡𐭥 ''Pahlaw'') is a historical region located in northeastern Greater Iran. It was conquered and subjugated by the empire of the Med ...
n non-dynastic candidates
*
Ariobarzanes, 2 BC to 4 (Roman protectorate)
*
Artavasdes III 4 to 6
*
Tigranes V, 6 then ruled with
Erato
In Greek mythology, Erato (; grc, Ἐρατώ) is one of the Greek Muses, which were inspirational goddesses of literature, science, and the arts. The name would mean "desired" or "lovely", if derived from the same root as Eros, as Apollonius ...
6–12
*
Vonones (former king of Parthia) 12–16 (Roman protectorate)
*Roman interregnum 16–18 (Vonones as nominal king)
*
Artaxias III 18–35 (Roman protectorate)
*
Arsaces I of Armenia
Arsaces I of Armenia, also known as Arsaces I, Arshak I and Arsak (ruled 35 AD) was a Parthian Prince who was King of Armenia during 35 AD.
Arsaces I was the first-born son of the Parthian King Artabanus II of Parthia by an unnamed wife.
Afte ...
(son of
Artabanus III) 35 (Parthian protectorate)
*
Orodes of Armenia (pretender, son of Artabanus III) 35
*
Mithridates 35–37 (Roman protectorate)
*Orodes (now king) 37–42 (Parthian protectorate)
*Mithridates (second time) 42–51 (Roman protectorate)
*
Rhadamistus (son of
Pharasmanes I of Iberia
Pharasmanes I the Great ( ka, ფარსმან I დიდი) (died 58) was a king of Iberia. He plays a prominent role in the historian Tacitus’ account of policy and campaigns in the eastern lands of the Roman Empire under Tiberius, Cali ...
) 51–53 (Roman protectorate)
*
Tiridates I (son of
Vonones II of Parthia) 53 (Roman protectorate)
*
Rhadamistus (second time) 53–54 (Roman protectorate)
Arshakuni (Arsacid) Kings of Armenia
*
Tiridates I (second time) 52–58
*
Tigranes VI
Tigranes VI, also known as Tigran VI or by his Roman name Gaius Julius Tigranes ( el, Γαίος Ιούλιος Τιγράνης, before 25 – after 68) was a Herodian Prince and served as a Roman Client King of Armenia in the 1st century.
H ...
59–62 (Roman protectorate)
*Tiridates I 62–88 (Parthian protectorate 62–63; from 63 Armenia again becomes a Roman protectorate)
*
Sanatruces (Sanatruk) 88–110
*
Axidares (Ashkhadar) 110–113
*
Parthamasiris (Partamasir) 113–114
*
Roman Province
The Roman provinces (Latin: ''provincia'', pl. ''provinciae'') were the administrative regions of Ancient Rome outside Roman Italy that were controlled by the Romans under the Roman Republic and later the Roman Empire. Each province was rule ...
114–117/8
*
Vologases I (Vagharsh I) 117/8–144
*
Sohaemus 144–161
*
Bakur 161–164
* Sohaemus (second time) 163/4–186?
*
Vologases II (Vagharsh II) 186–198
*
Khosrov I 198–217
*
Tiridates II 217–252
*
Khosrov II c. 252
*
Sassanid Occupation 252–287
**
Artavasdes IV 252–287 Sassanid Client King
*
Tiridates III 287–330 (Roman protectorate again)
*
Khosrov III 330–339
*
Tigranes VII (Tiran) 339 – c. 350
*
Arsaces II (Arshak II) c. 350–368
*
Sassanid Occupation 368
*
Papas (Pap) 370–374
*
Varasdates (Varazdat) 374–378
*
Arsaces III (Arshak III) 378–387 with co-ruler
Vologases III (Vagharsh III) 378–386
*
Khosrov IV 387–389
*
Vramshapuh
Vramshapuh ( hy, Վռամշապուհ) was a noble of the Arsacid dynasty who served as the Sasanian client king of Armenia from 389 until his death in 414. He is mainly remembered for presiding over the creation of the Armenian alphabet by Mes ...
389–417
* Local Independent Government 417–422
*
Artaxias IV (Artashir IV) 422–428
Presiding Marzbans and Princes of Armenia
Armenian Bagratid kingdom and vassals
Bagratuni dynasty
The Bagratuni or Bagratid dynasty ( hy, Բագրատունի, ) was an Armenian royal dynasty which ruled the medieval Kingdom of Armenia from c. 885 until 1045. Originating as vassals of the Kingdom of Armenia of antiquity, they rose to bec ...
Princes and Kings of Vaspurakan (800–1021)
Artsruni dynasty
The Artsruni ( hy, Արծրունի; also transliterated as Ardzruni) were an ancient noble (princely) family of Armenia.
Background and history
The Artsruni's claimed descent from Sennacherib, King of Assyria (705 BC–681 BC). Althoug ...
as princes
* 800–836:
Hamazasp II, married to a daughter of
Ashot Msaker Ashot IV Bagratuni ( hy, Աշոտ Դ Բագրատունի), better known as Ashot Msaker ( hy, Աշոտ Մսակեր, "Ashot the Meat Eater / the Carnivorous"), reputedly for his refusal to refrain from eating meat during Lent, was an Armenian princ ...
of the
Bagratuni family.
* 836–852:
Ashot I Abulabus, son, 1st time
* 852–853:
Gurgen I, brother of the above
* 853–854:
Abu Djafar, probably brother of the above
* 854–857:
Gurgen II, a distant relative from
Mardastan
* 857–868:
Grigor-Derenik, son of Ashot I, married Sofia, daughter of
Ashot I Bagratuni Ashot or Ashod ( hy, ) is an Armenian given name. Notable persons with that surname include:
Kings of the Bagratuni Dynasty
*Ashot Msaker (Ashot the Carnivorous) (died 826)
*Ashot I of Armenia (Ashot the Great), ruled 884-890
*Ashot II, Ashot Yerk ...
. 1st time
* 868–874: Ashot I Abulabus, 2nd time
* 874–887: Grigor-Derenik, 2nd time.
* 887–898: ''
Gagik Abu Morvan Artsruni'', regent for Grigor-Derenik's sons, then usurper from 896
* 898–900:
Ashot II Sargis, son of Grigor-Derenik.
* ''(Vaspurakan occupied in 900–01 by the
Sajid emir
Afshin)''
** ''
Safi, governor''
* 901–904: Ashot II Sargis, reinstated. After his death Vaspurakan is divided:
* 904–908:
Gagik III, brother of Ashot II, ruler in northwest Vaspurakan, crowned king 908
* 904–925:
Gurgen III, brother of Ashot II, ruler in southeast Vaspurakan.
Artsruni dynasty
The Artsruni ( hy, Արծրունի; also transliterated as Ardzruni) were an ancient noble (princely) family of Armenia.
Background and history
The Artsruni's claimed descent from Sennacherib, King of Assyria (705 BC–681 BC). Althoug ...
as kings
* 908/25–943:
Gagik I (III), brother of Ashot II, ruler in northwest, reunited Vaspurakan 925
* 943–953:
Derenik-Ashot I (III), son of the above
* 953–972:
Abusahl-Hamazasp, brother of the above
* 972–983:
Ashot II Sahak (IV), son of the above
* 983–1003:
Gurgen I Khachik (IV), brother of the above, also lord of
Antzevasiq.
* 1003–1021:
Seneqerim-Hovhannes, brother of the above, also lord of Rechtuniq.
Kings of Syunik (987–1170)
Siunia dynasty The Siuni or Siwni dynasty () was an ancient Armenian princely () dynasty which ruled the province of Siwnikʻ, with which the dynasty shared its name. They were one of the most important and powerful princely houses in antique and early medieval A ...
* 987–998:
Smbat I Sahak
* 998–1040:
Vasak, son of the above
* 1040–1044/51:
Smbat II, maternal grandson of the above
* 1044/51–1072:
Grigor I, brother of the above
* 1072–1094:
Seneqerim, brother-in-law of the above
* 1094–1166:
Grigor II, son of the above
* 1166–1170:
Hasan, son-in-law of the above
Kings of Georgia
Bagrationi dynasty
The Bagrationi dynasty (; ) is a royal dynasty which reigned in Georgia from the Middle Ages until the early 19th century, being among the oldest extant Christian ruling dynasties in the world. In modern usage, the name of the dynasty is som ...
(1118–1476)
*1118–1124:
David IV the Builder
*1125–1156:
Demetrius I
*1156–1184:
George III
George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 173829 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of the two kingdoms on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Br ...
*1184–1213:
Tamar the Great
*1213–1223:
George IV
George IV (George Augustus Frederick; 12 August 1762 – 26 June 1830) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and King of Hanover from the death of his father, King George III, on 29 January 1820, until his own death ten y ...
*1223–1245:
Rusudan
*1245–1247:
David VI
*1247–1270:
David VII
*1270–1289:
Demetrius II the Self-Sacrificer
*1289–1292:
Vakhtang II
Vakhtang II (died 1292), of the dynasty of Bagrationi, was king of Georgia from 1289 to 1292. He reigned during the Mongol dominance of Georgia.
A son of the western Georgian ruler, king David VI Narin, by his first wife Tamar, daughter of P ...
*1292–1311:
David VIII
*1311–1313:
George VI Mtsire
*1299–1346:
George V the Brilliant
*1346–1360:
David IX
*1360–1393:
Bagrat V
*1393–1407:
George VII
*1407–1411:
Constantine I
Constantine I ( , ; la, Flavius Valerius Constantinus, ; ; 27 February 22 May 337), also known as Constantine the Great, was Roman emperor from AD 306 to 337, the first one to convert to Christianity. Born in Naissus, Dacia Mediterran ...
*1412–1442:
Alexander I the Great
Alexander I the Great (, ''Aleksandre I Didi'') (1386 – between August 26, 1445 and March 7, 1446), of the Bagrationi house, was king of Georgia from 1412 to 1442. Despite his efforts to restore the country from the ruins left by the Turco-Mong ...
*1430:
Qara Iskander, ruler of
Kara Koyunlu
The Qara Qoyunlu or Kara Koyunlu ( az, Qaraqoyunlular , fa, قره قویونلو), also known as the Black Sheep Turkomans, were a culturally Persianate, Muslim Turkoman "Kara Koyunlu, also spelled Qara Qoyunlu, Turkish Karakoyunlular, En ...
declares himself to be “''Shah-i-Arman''”
Armenians in exile: The Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
The
Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
The Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (Middle Armenian: , '), also known as Cilician Armenia ( hy, Կիլիկեան Հայաստան, '), Lesser Armenia, Little Armenia or New Armenia, and formerly known as the Armenian Principality of Cilicia ( hy, ...
was a state formed in the
Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire ...
by Armenian refugees, who were fleeing the
Seljuk invasion of Armenia.
[ Poghosyan, S.; Katvalyan, M.; Grigoryan, G. et al. ''Cilician Armenia'' (Կիլիկյան Հայաստան). ]Soviet Armenian Encyclopedia
The ''Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia'' ( hy, Հայկական սովետական հանրագիտարան, ''Haykakan sovetakan hanragitaran''; ASE) publishing house was established in 1967 as a department of the Institute of History of the Arme ...
. vol. v. Yerevan, Armenian SSR: Armenian Academy of Sciences, 1979, pp. 406–428 It was initially founded by the
Rubenian dynasty
The Rubenids ( hy, Ռուբինեաններ) or Roupenids were an Armenian dynasty who dominated parts of Cilicia, and who established the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia. The dynasty takes its name from its founder, the Armenian prince Ruben I. The ...
, an offshoot of the larger
Bagratid family that at various times held the thrones of
Armenia
Armenia (), , group=pron officially the Republic of Armenia,, is a landlocked country in the Armenian Highlands of Western Asia.The UNbr>classification of world regions places Armenia in Western Asia; the CIA World Factbook , , and ''O ...
and
Georgia
Georgia most commonly refers to:
* Georgia (country), a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia
* Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the Southeast United States
Georgia may also refer to:
Places
Historical states and entities
* Related to the ...
. While the Rubenian rulers were initially regional princes, their close ties with the Western world after the
First Crusade
The First Crusade (1096–1099) was the first of a series of religious wars, or Crusades, initiated, supported and at times directed by the Latin Church in the medieval period. The objective was the recovery of the Holy Land from Islamic ...
saw the principality recognised as a kingdom under
Leo I
The LEO I (Lyons Electronic Office I) was the first computer used for commercial business applications.
The prototype LEO I was modelled closely on the Cambridge EDSAC. Its construction was overseen by Oliver Standingford, Raymond Thompson and ...
by the
Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire was a political entity in Western, Central, and Southern Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars.
From the accession of Otto I in 962 unt ...
in 1198.
The Rubenid dynasty fell in 1252 after the death of the last Rubenid monarch
Isabella, and her husband
Hethum I became sole ruler, beginning the
Hethumid dynasty
The Hethumids ( hy, Հեթումյաններ Hethumian) (also spelled Hetoumids or Het'umids), also known as the House of Lampron (after Lampron castle), were an Armenian dynasty and the rulers of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia from 1226 to 1341 ...
. After the death of
Leo IV in 1341 his cousin was elected to succeed him as
Constantine II, the first king of the
Lusignan dynasty. The kingdom fell at the beginning of
Leo V Leo V or Leon V may refer to:
* Leo V the Armenian (813–820), Byzantine emperor
* Pope Leo V, pope in 903
* Leo V, King of Armenia
Leo V or Levon V (occasionally Levon VI; hy, Լևոն, ''Levon V''; 1342 – 29 November 1393), of the House of ...
's reign to the
Mamluk
Mamluk ( ar, مملوك, mamlūk (singular), , ''mamālīk'' (plural), translated as "one who is owned", meaning " slave", also transliterated as ''Mameluke'', ''mamluq'', ''mamluke'', ''mameluk'', ''mameluke'', ''mamaluke'', or ''marmeluke'') ...
s, and henceforth title holders were only claimants to the throne.
Charlotte of Cyprus
Charlotte (28 June 1444 – 16 July 1487) was the Queen of Cyprus from 1458 until 1464. She was the eldest and only surviving daughter of King John II of Cyprus and Helena Palaiologina. At the age of 14, she succeeded to the Cypriot throne upo ...
ceded the throne to the
House of Savoy
The House of Savoy ( it, Casa Savoia) was a royal dynasty that was established in 1003 in the historical Savoy region. Through gradual expansion, the family grew in power from ruling a small Alpine county north-west of Italy to absolute rule of ...
in 1485,
and the title fell out of use until after 1861.
Rubenian dynasty
The Rubenids ( hy, Ռուբինեաններ) or Roupenids were an Armenian dynasty who dominated parts of Cilicia, and who established the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia. The dynasty takes its name from its founder, the Armenian prince Ruben I. The ...
Hethumid dynasty
The Hethumids ( hy, Հեթումյաններ Hethumian) (also spelled Hetoumids or Het'umids), also known as the House of Lampron (after Lampron castle), were an Armenian dynasty and the rulers of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia from 1226 to 1341 ...
Houses of Lusignan and Hethum-Neghir
Claimants
The title is contested by the ''
House of Savoy
The House of Savoy ( it, Casa Savoia) was a royal dynasty that was established in 1003 in the historical Savoy region. Through gradual expansion, the family grew in power from ruling a small Alpine county north-west of Italy to absolute rule of ...
''.
See also
*
List of Armenian royal consorts
This is a list of Armenian royal consorts.
Kingdom of Armenia
Ancient Armenian queens
*Rodogune of Persia, daughter of King Artaxerxes of Persia, wife of Orontes II
*Antiochis, sister of Antiochus III the Great, wife of Xerxes
* Satenik ...
*
List of rulers of Commagene
*
List of monarchs of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
Notes
References
*
*
* ''Histoire Des Princes de Lusignan, Anciens Rois de Jérusalem, de la Petite Arménie et de Chypre'', St. Petersbourg, Soikine, Stremiannaya 12, 1903.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Armenian Kings
Lists of monarchs
Kings
Kings or King's may refer to:
*Monarchs: The sovereign heads of states and/or nations, with the male being kings
*One of several works known as the "Book of Kings":
**The Books of Kings part of the Bible, divided into two parts
**The ''Shahnameh'' ...
*