Kinemacolor was the first successful colour motion picture process, used commercially from 1908 to 1914. It was invented by

George Albert Smith George Albert Smith Sr. (April 4, 1870 – April 4, 1951) was an American religious leader who served as the eighth president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). Early life Born in Salt Lake City, Utah Territor ...

in 1906. He was influenced by the work of William Norman Lascelles Davidson and, more directly,

Edward Raymond Turner Edward Raymond Turner (1873 – 9 March 1903) was a pioneering British inventor and cinematographer. He produced the earliest known colour motion picture film footage. Biography Turner was born in 1873 in Clevedon, North Somerset, UK. In late ...

. It was launched by

Charles Urban Charles Urban (April 15, 1867 – August 29, 1942) was an Anglo-American film producer and distributor, and one of the most significant figures in British cinema before the First World War. He was a pioneer of the documentary, educational, propa ...

's Urban Trading Co. of

London London is the capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary dow ...

in 1908. From 1909 on, the process was known and trademarked as Kinemacolor. It was a two-colour additive colour process, photographing and projecting a black-and-white film behind alternating red and green filters.

Process

"How to Make and Operate Moving Pictures" published by Funk & Wagnalls in 1917 notes the following:

Premiere

The first motion picture exhibited in Kinemacolor was an eight-minute short filmed in Brighton titled ''

A Visit to the Seaside ''A Visit to the Seaside'' (1908) was the first successful motion picture filmed in Kinemacolor. It is an 8-minute short film directed by George Albert Smith of Brighton, showing people doing everyday activities. It is ranked of high historica ...

'', which was trade shown in September 1908. On 26 February 1909, the general public first saw Kinemacolor in a programme of twenty-one short films shown at the Palace Theatre in London. The process was first seen in the United States on 11 December 1909, at an exhibition staged by Smith and Urban at Madison Square Garden in New York City. In 1911, Kinemacolor released the first dramatic film made in the process, ''Checkmated''. The company then produced the

documentary film A documentary film or documentary is a non-fictional motion-picture intended to "document reality, primarily for the purposes of instruction, education or maintaining a historical record". Bill Nichols has characterized the documentary in te ...

s ''

With Our King and Queen Through India ''With Our King and Queen Through India'' (1912) is a British documentary. The film is silent and made in the Kinemacolor additive color process. The film records the 12 December 1911 celebrations in India which marked the coronation of Geor ...

'' (also known as ''The Durbar at Delhi'', 1912), and the notable recovery of £750,000 worth of gold and silver bullion from the wreck of P&O's SS ''Oceana'' in the Strait of Dover (1912). ''

'' and the dramas '' The World, the Flesh and the Devil'' (1914), and ''

Little Lord Fauntleroy ''Little Lord Fauntleroy'' is a novel by Frances Hodgson Burnett. It was published as a serial in ''St. Nicholas Magazine'' from November 1885 to October 1886, then as a book by Scribner's (the publisher of ''St. Nicholas'') in 1886. The ill ...

'' (1914) were the first three

feature films A feature film or feature-length film is a narrative film (motion picture or "movie") with a running time long enough to be considered the principal or sole presentation in a commercial entertainment program. The term ''feature film'' originall ...

made in colour. These latter two features were also among the last films released by Kinemacolor.

Success and decline

Kinemacolor enjoyed the most commercial success in the UK where, between 1909 and 1918, it was shown at more than 250 entertainment venues. The system was made available to exhibitors either by licence or from 1913 through a series of touring companies. Although in most cases the system stayed at licensed venues for only a few months there were instances where it remained at a hall for up to two years. 54 dramatic films were produced. Four dramatic short films were also produced by Kinemacolor in the United States in 1912 and 1913, and one in Japan, ''Yoshitsune Senbon Zakura'' (1914). However, the company was never a success, partly due to the expense of installing special Kinemacolor projectors in cinemas. Also, the process suffered from "fringeing" and "haloing" of the images, an unsolvable problem as long as Kinemacolor remained a successive frame process. Kinemacolor in the U.S. became most notable for its Hollywood studio being taken over by D. W. Griffith, who also took over Kinemacolor's uncompleted project to film Thomas Dixon's ''

The Clansman ''The Clansman: A Historical Romance of the Ku Klux Klan'' is a novel published in 1905, the second work in the Ku Klux Klan trilogy by Thomas Dixon Jr. (the others are ''The Leopard's Spots'' and '' The Traitor''). Chronicling the American Civ ...

'', which eventually became ''

The Birth of a Nation ''The Birth of a Nation'', originally called ''The Clansman'', is a 1915 American silent epic drama film directed by D. W. Griffith and starring Lillian Gish. The screenplay is adapted from Thomas Dixon Jr.'s 1905 novel and play ''The Clan ...

'' (

1915 Events Below, the events of World War I have the "WWI" prefix. January * January – British physicist Sir Joseph Larmor publishes his observations on "The Influence of Local Atmospheric Cooling on Astronomical Refraction". * January ...

). The 1 reels shot in Kinemacolor are lost, and the finished film is entirely in black-and-white. The first (additive) version of Prizma Color, developed by William Van Doren Kelley in the U.S. from 1913 to 1917, used some of the same principles as Kinemacolor. In the UK,

William Friese-Greene William Friese-Greene (born William Edward Green, 7 September 1855 – 5 May 1921) was a prolific English inventor and professional photographer. He was known as a pioneer in the field of motion pictures, having devised a series of cameras in 1 ...

developed another additive colour system for film called Biocolour. However, in 1914 George Albert Smith sued Friese-Greene for infringing Kinemacolor's patents, slowing the development of Biocolour by Friese-Greene and his son Claude in the 1920s.

Predecessor process

In 2012, the

National Media Museum The National Science and Media Museum (formerly The National Museum of Photography, Film & Television, 1983–2006 and then the National Media Museum, 2006–2017), located in Bradford, West Yorkshire, is part of the national Science Museum G ...

in Bradford,

England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe b ...

publicized its digital restoration of some very early three-colour alternating-filter test films, dated to 1902, made by

. They are believed to be the earliest existing colour film footage. Turner's process, for which Charles Urban had provided financial backing, was adapted by Smith after Turner's sudden death in 1903, and this in turn became Kinemacolor.

List of films made in Kinemacolor

*''The Adopted Child'' (1911) *"Advance Styles of Ostrich Plumage" (1911) *''

Aldershot Aldershot () is a town in Hampshire, England. It lies on heathland in the extreme northeast corner of the county, southwest of London. The area is administered by Rushmoor Borough Council. The town has a population of 37,131, while the Alder ...

Views'' (1912) *'' All's Well That Ends Well'' (1914) *'' Alpes-Maritimes — Cascade de Courmes'' (1912) *''The

Alps The Alps () ; german: Alpen ; it, Alpi ; rm, Alps ; sl, Alpe . are the highest and most extensive mountain range system that lies entirely in Europe, stretching approximately across seven Alpine countries (from west to east): France, Swi ...

'' (1913) *''An American Invasion'' (1913) *''The Amorous Doctor'' (1911) *''Artillery Drill at

West Point The United States Military Academy (USMA), also known Metonymy, metonymically as West Point or simply as Army, is a United States service academies, United States service academy in West Point, New York. It was originally established as a f ...

'' (1910) *'' Atlantic City'' (1912) *''The Baby'' (1910) *''A Balkan Episode'' (1911) *''Band of Queen's Highlanders'' (1909) *"Barnyard Pets" (1910) *"Beads of the World" (1911) *''Big Waves at Brighton'' (1912) *"The Birth of a Flower" (1910) *''

'' (1911, uncompleted) *''Biskra and the Sahara Desert'' (1910) *''The Blackmailer'' (1911) *''Boys Will Be Boys'' (1911) *"Britain Prepared" (1915) *''Brown's German Liver Cure'' (1911) *''The Bully'' (1910) *''The Burglar as Father Christmas'' (1911) *''Burial of the

Maine Maine () is a state in the New England and Northeastern regions of the United States. It borders New Hampshire to the west, the Gulf of Maine to the southeast, and the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Quebec to the northeast and ...

'' (1912) *''Butterflies'' (1913) *''By Order of Napoleon'' (1910) *''By the Side of the

Zuyder Zee The Zuiderzee or Zuider Zee (; old spelling ''Zuyderzee'' or ''Zuyder Zee'') was a shallow bay of the North Sea in the northwest of the Netherlands, extending about 100 km (60 miles) inland and at most 50 km (30 miles) wide, with an ov ...

'' (1912) *''Caesar's Prisoners'' (1911) *''

Cairo Cairo ( ; ar, القاهرة, al-Qāhirah, ) is the Capital city, capital of Egypt and its largest city, home to 10 million people. It is also part of the List of urban agglomerations in Africa, largest urban agglomeration in Africa, List of ...

and the Nile'' (1912) *''The Call of the Blood'' (1913) *''The Cap of Invisibility'' (1912) *''Carnival at

Nice Nice ( , ; Niçard dialect, Niçard: , classical norm, or , nonstandard, ; it, Nizza ; lij, Nissa; grc, Νίκαια; la, Nicaea) is the prefecture of the Alpes-Maritimes departments of France, department in France. The Nice urban unit, agg ...

'' (1914) *''Carnival in Ceylon'' (1913) *''Carnival Scenes at

and

Cannes Cannes ( , , ; oc, Canas) is a city located on the French Riviera. It is a commune located in the Alpes-Maritimes department, and host city of the annual Cannes Film Festival, Midem, and Cannes Lions International Festival of Creativity. T ...

'' (1909) *''Cart Horse Parade-May 31-

Regent's Park Regent's Park (officially The Regent's Park) is one of the Royal Parks of London. It occupies of high ground in north-west Inner London, administratively split between the City of Westminster and the Borough of Camden (and historically betwee ...

'' (1912) *''Castles in the Air'' (1912) *''Cat Studies'' (1908) *''Charles Barnold's Dog and Monkey'' (1912) *''Checkmated'' (1911) *"The Chef’s Preparations" (1910) *''Children Forming United States Flag at Albany Capitol'' (1912) *''Children's Battle of Flowers at

'' (1909) *"Choice Bouquets" (1910) *''Choosing the Wallpaper'' (1910) *''A Christmas Spirit'' (1912) *''Church Parade of the 7th Hussars and 16th Lancers'' (1909) *''A Cingalese Fishing Village in Ceylon'' (1913) *''A Citizeness of Paris'' (1911) *''The Clown's Sacrifice'' (1911) *''Coney Gets the Glad Eye'' (1913) *''Coney as a Peacemaker'' (1913) *''Coronation of

George V George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 – 20 January 1936) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 6 May 1910 until his death in 1936. Born during the reign of his grandmother Qu ...

'' (1911) *''The Coster's Wedding'' (1910) *''The Crusader'' (1911) *''Dandy Dick of Bishopsgate'' (1911) *"A Day at Henley" (1911) *''A Detachment of Gordon Highlanders'' (1909) *''Detective Henry and the Paris Apaches'' (1911) *''A Devoted Friend'' (1911) *''Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde'' (1913 British) *''Egypt'' (1910) *''Elevating an Elephant'' (1913) *''An Elizabethan Romance'' (1912) *''Entertaining Auntie'' (1913) *''Esther: A Biblical Episode'' (1911) *''The Explorers'' (1913) *''The Fall of Babylon'' (1911) *''Farm Yard Friends'' (1910) *''Fate'' (1911) *"Feeding Poultry at Prowse Jones Farm" (1911) *''Fifty Miles from Tombstone'' (1913) *''The Fisherman's Daughter'' (1911) *''Floral Fiends'' (1910) *''The Flower Girl of Florence'' (1911) *''Following Mother's Footsteps'' (1911) *''For the Crown'' (1911) *"Forces of Europe" (1914) *"Fording the River" (1910) *''A French Duel'' (1911) *"The Freshwater Aquarium" (1911) *''From Bud to Blossom'' (1910) *''From Factory Girl to Prima Donna'' (1911) *''The Funeral of

Edward VII Edward VII (Albert Edward; 9 November 1841 – 6 May 1910) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and Emperor of India, from 22 January 1901 until his death in 1910. The second child and eldest son of Queen Victoria and ...

'' (1910) *'' Galileo'' (1911) *''A Gambler's Villainy'' (1912) *''Ganges at Benares'' (1913) *"Gems and Jewels" (1911) *''The General's Only Son'' (1911) *''George V's Visit to

Ireland Ireland ( ; ga, Éire ; Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean, in Northwestern Europe, north-western Europe. It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel (Grea ...

'' (1911) *''Gerald's Butterfly'' (1912) *''Girl Worth Having'' (1913) *''Gladioli'' (1913) *''Grape vineyards in Piedmont, Italy'' (1914) *"The Harvest" (1908) *''Haunted Otter'' (1913) *''

Hiawatha Hiawatha ( , also : ), also known as Ayenwathaaa or Aiionwatha, was a precolonial Native American leader and co-founder of the Iroquois Confederacy. He was a leader of the Onondaga people, the Mohawk people, or both. According to some account ...

'' (1913) *''A Highland Lassie'' (1910) *''The Highlander'' (1911) *''His Brother's Keeper'' (1913) *''His Conscience'' (1911) *''His Last Burglary'' (1911) *''The House That Jack Built'' (1913) *
How to Live 100 Years
' (1913) *''The Hypnotist and the Convict'' (1911) *''Ice Cutting on the

St. Lawrence River The St. Lawrence River (french: Fleuve Saint-Laurent, ) is a large river in the middle latitudes of North America. Its headwaters begin flowing from Lake Ontario in a (roughly) northeasterly direction, into the Gulf of St. Lawrence, connecting ...

'' (1912) *''In Gollywog Land'' (1912) *''In the Reign of Terror'' (1911) *''Inaugurazione del Campanile di San Marco,

Venice Venice ( ; it, Venezia ; vec, Venesia or ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto region. It is built on a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 bridges. The isla ...

'' (1912) *''Incident on Brighton Beach'' (1909) *''Indiens sur le terrain M. A. A. A.'' (1910) *''The Inventor's Son'' (1911) *''The Investiture of the

Prince of Wales Prince of Wales ( cy, Tywysog Cymru, ; la, Princeps Cambriae/Walliae) is a title traditionally given to the heir apparent to the English and later British throne. Prior to the conquest by Edward I in the 13th century, it was used by the rulers ...

at Caernarvon'' (1911) *''Italian Flower and Bead Vendors'' (1912) *''Italy'' (1910) *''

Jack and the Beanstalk "Jack and the Beanstalk" is an English fairy tale. It appeared as "The Story of Jack Spriggins and the Enchanted Bean" in 1734 4th edition On Commons and as Benjamin Tabart's moralized "The History of Jack and the Bean-Stalk" in 1807. Henry Co ...

'' (1912) *''

Jane Shore Elizabeth "Jane" Shore (née Lambert) (c. 1445 – c. 1527) was one of the many mistresses of King Edward IV of England. She became the best-known to history through being later accused of conspiracy by the future King Richard III, and compelle ...

'' (1911) *''Japan'' (1913) *''Johnson at the Wedding'' (1911) *''Julius Caesar's Sandals'' (1911) *"Khartoum and his Natives" (1911) *''Kinemacolor Fashion Gazette'' (1913) *''Kinemacolor Panama Pictures'' (1913) *''Kinemacolor Photo Plays'' (1913) *''Kinemacolor Puzzle'' (1909) *''Kinemacolor Songs'' (1911) *''The King and Queen on Their Way to Open the

Victoria and Albert Museum The Victoria and Albert Museum (often abbreviated as the V&A) in London is the world's largest museum of applied arts, decorative arts and design, housing a permanent collection of over 2.27 million objects. It was founded in 1852 and nam ...

'' (1912) *''The King of Indigo'' (1911) *''Kitty the Dressmaker'' (1911) *''Lady Beaulay's Necklace'' (1911) *''

Lake Garda Lake Garda ( it, Lago di Garda or ; lmo, label= Eastern Lombard, Lach de Garda; vec, Ƚago de Garda; la, Benacus; grc, Βήνακος) is the largest lake in Italy. It is a popular holiday location in northern Italy, about halfway between ...

Northern Italy'' (1910) *''Launch of the S.S. Olympic'' (1912) *''The Letter'' (1909) *''Liquors and Cigars'' (1910) *''The Little Daughter's Letter'' (1911) *''Little Lady Lafayette'' (1911) *''

'' (1914) *''The Little Picture Producer'' (1914) *''The Little Wooden Soldier'' (1912) *''The London Fire Brigade'' (1910) *''London Zoological Gardens'' (1910) *''Lost Collar Stud'' (1914) *''The Lost Ring'' (1911) *''Love and War in Toyland'' (1913) *''Love Conquers'' (1911) *''Love in a Cottage'' (1911) *''Love of Riches'' (1911) *''Love Story of Charles II'' (1911) *''Love's Strategy'' (1911) *''A Lucky Escape'' (1911) *''The Lust for Gold'' (1912) *''Magic Ring'' (1911) *''The Making of the

Panama Canal The Panama Canal ( es, Canal de Panamá, link=no) is an artificial waterway in Panama that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean and divides North and South America. The canal cuts across the Isthmus of Panama and is a condui ...

'' (1912) *"Man's Best Friends" (1911) *''The Marble Industry at

Carrara Carrara ( , ; , ) is a city and ''comune'' in Tuscany, in central Italy, of the province of Massa and Carrara, and notable for the white or blue-grey marble quarried there. It is on the Carrione River, some west-northwest of Florence. Its mot ...

Italy'' (1913) *"Mephisto" (1912) *''A Merry Monarch'' (1913) *''The Mighty Dollar'' (1912) *''The Millionaire's Nephew'' (1911) *''The Minstrel King'' (1912) *''Miscellaneous Flowers'' (1914) *''Mischievous Puck'' (1911) *''Mission Bells'' (1913) *''Modelling Extraordinary'' (1912) *''A Modern Hero'' (1911) *''The Modern Pygmalion and Galatea'' (1911) *''Motor and Yacht Boating in England'' (1910) *''Music Hath Charms'' (1911) *''Mystic Manipulations'' (1911) *''A Narrow Escape'' (1913) *'' Nathan Hale'' (1913) *''Natural Color Portraiture'' (1909) *''Naval Review at

Spithead Spithead is an area of the Solent and a roadstead off Gilkicker Point in Hampshire, England. It is protected from all winds except those from the southeast. It receives its name from the Spit, a sandbank stretching south from the Hampshire ...

'' (1910) *''

Nell Gwynn Eleanor Gwyn (2 February 1650 – 14 November 1687; also spelled ''Gwynn'', ''Gwynne'') was a celebrity figure of the Restoration period. Praised by Samuel Pepys for her comic performances as one of the first actresses on the English stag ...

the Orange Girl'' (1911) *"New York Autumn Fashions" (1912) *"Niagara Falls" (1912) *''Nobility'' (1912) *''A Noble Heart'' (1911) *''Normal Melbourne'' (1912) *''

Nubia Nubia () (Nobiin: Nobīn, ) is a region along the Nile river encompassing the area between the first cataract of the Nile (just south of Aswan in southern Egypt) and the confluence of the Blue and White Niles (in Khartoum in central Sudan), or ...

, Wadi Halfa and the Second Cataract'' (1911) *'' Oedipus Rex'' (1911) *''Ofia, the Woman Spy'' (1912) *''The Old Guitar'' (1912) *''The Old Hat'' (1910) *''

Oliver Cromwell Oliver Cromwell (25 April 15993 September 1658) was an English politician and military officer who is widely regarded as one of the most important statesmen in English history. He came to prominence during the 1639 to 1651 Wars of the Three K ...

'' (1911) *''Only a Woman'' (1912) *''Other People's Children'' (1913) *"Out Gem of a Cook" (1910) *''Pageant of New Romney,

Hythe Hythe, from Anglo-Saxon ''hȳð'', may refer to a landing-place, port or haven, either as an element in a toponym, such as Rotherhithe in London, or to: Places Australia * Hythe, Tasmania Canada *Hythe, Alberta, a village in Canada England * T ...

, and

Sandwich A sandwich is a food typically consisting of vegetables, sliced cheese or meat, placed on or between slices of bread, or more generally any dish wherein bread serves as a container or wrapper for another food type. The sandwich began as a po ...

'' (1910) *''Pagsanjan Falls'' (1911) *''Paris Fashions'' (1913) *''The Passions of an Egyptian Princess'' (1911) *''The Peasants and the Fairy'' (1911) *''Performing Elephants'' (1913) *''Phil Rees' Stable Lads'' (1912) *''Picking Strawberries'' (1910) *'' Pisa Italy'' (1913) *'' Pompeii'' (1912) *'' Potomac Falls Virginia'' (1910) *''The Power of Prayer'' (1913) *''The Priest's Burden'' (1911) *''The Princess of Romana'' (1913) *''The Rabbits-Sheep-Carrots for the Donkey'' (1909) *''Rambles in Paris'' (1913) *''Reaping'' (1909) *''The Rebel's Daughter'' (1911) *"Refreshments" (1910) *''Representatives of the British Isles'' (1909) *''Reptiles'' (1912) *''Review of Troops by

'' (1910) *''Revues des Boy Scouts a

Montreal Montreal ( ; officially Montréal, ) is the second-most populous city in Canada and most populous city in the Canadian province of Quebec. Founded in 1642 as '' Ville-Marie'', or "City of Mary", it is named after Mount Royal, the triple ...

'' (1910) *''The Richmond Horse Show'' (1910) *''The Rivals'' (1913) *''Riviera Coast Scenes'' (1909) *''Riviera Fisher Folk'' (1909) *''

Robin Hood Robin Hood is a legendary heroic outlaw originally depicted in English folklore and subsequently featured in literature and film. According to legend, he was a highly skilled archer and swordsman. In some versions of the legend, he is dep ...

'' (1913) *''A Romance of the Canadian Wilds'' (1910) *''Romani the Brigand'' (1912) *''Royal Ascot'' (1912) *''A Run with the

Exmoor Exmoor is loosely defined as an area of hilly open moorland in west Somerset and north Devon in South West England. It is named after the River Exe, the source of which is situated in the centre of the area, two miles north-west of Simonsbath ...

Staghounds'' (1912) *''Sailing and Motor Boat Scenes at Southwick'' (1909) *''

Samson and Delilah Samson and Delilah are Biblical figures. Samson and Delilah may also refer to: In music * ''Samson and Delilah'' (opera), an opera by Camille Saint-Saëns * ''Samson & Delilah'' (album), released in 2013 by V V Brown * "Samson and Delilah" (t ...

'' (1911) *'' Santa Claus'' (1913) *''

Saved From the Titanic ''Saved from the Titanic'' is a 1912 American silent motion picture short starring Dorothy Gibson, an American film actress who survived the sinking of the RMS ''Titanic'' on April 15, 1912. Premiering in the United States just 31 days after ...

'' (1912) (only two scenes were filmed in Kinemacolor) *''

The Scarlet Letter ''The Scarlet Letter: A Romance'' is a work of historical fiction by American author Nathaniel Hawthorne, published in 1850. Set in the Puritan Massachusetts Bay Colony during the years 1642 to 1649, the novel tells the story of Hester Prynne, ...

'' (1913) *''Scenes a

comprenant le

Gymkhana Gymkhana () ( ur, جِمخانہ, sd, جمخانه, hi, जिमख़ाना, as, জিমখানা, bn, জিমখানা) is a British Raj term which originally referred to a place of assembly. The meaning then altered to den ...

'' (1910) *''Scenes in

Algeria ) , image_map = Algeria (centered orthographic projection).svg , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Algiers , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , relig ...

'' (1910) *"Scenes in Cornwall" (1910) *''Scenes on the Mediterranean'' (1913) *''A Scrap of Paper'' (1913) *''A Seaside Comedy'' (1912) *''The Silken Thread'' (1911) *''Simpkin's Dream of a Holiday'' (1911) *''Small Game at the Zoo'' (1912) *"The Smallest Barque in the World" (1911) *''Soldiers' Pet'' (1909) *''

Spreewald The Spree Forest (German: ''Spreewald'', ; Lower Sorbian: ''Błota'', i.e. 'the Swamps') is a large inland delta of the river Spree, and a historical cultural landscape located in the region of (Lower) Lusatia, in the state of Brandenburg, Ge ...

'' (1913) *''St. John the Baptist'' (1912) *''Stage Struck'' (1913) *''Steam'' (1910) *"The Story of Napoleon" (1910) *''The Story of the Orange'' (1913) *''The Story of the Wasp'' (1914) *''Strange Mounts'' (1912) *''Suffragette's Parade in

Washington, D.C. ) , image_skyline = , image_caption = Clockwise from top left: the Washington Monument and Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall, United States Capitol, Logan Circle, Jefferson Memorial, White House, Adams Morgan, ...

'' (1913) *''The Sugar Industry of

Jamaica Jamaica (; ) is an island country situated in the Caribbean Sea. Spanning in area, it is the third-largest island of the Greater Antilles and the Caribbean (after Cuba and Hispaniola). Jamaica lies about south of Cuba, and west of His ...

'' (1913) *''Sunset on the Nile'' (1913) *"Sunsets of Egypt" (1912) *''Swank and the Remedy'' (1911) *''Swans'' (1909) *''Sweet Flowers'' (1909) *''

Tartans of Scottish Clans ''Tartans of Scottish Clans'' is a 1906 in film, 1906 UK, British Short subject, short silent film, silent documentary film, directed by George Albert Smith (inventor), George Albert Smith as a test for his newly patented Kinemacolor system, whi ...

'' (1906) *''Telemachus'' (1911) *''Three Cape Girls'' (1912) *''The Tide of Fortune'' (1912) *''

Theodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt Jr. ( ; October 27, 1858 – January 6, 1919), often referred to as Teddy or by his initials, T. R., was an American politician, statesman, soldier, conservationist, naturalist, historian, and writer who served as the 26t ...

'' (1912) *''There Is a God'' (1913) *''Tobogganing in Switzerland'' (1913) *''

La Tosca ''La Tosca'' is a five- act drama by the 19th-century French playwright Victorien Sardou. It was first performed on 24 November 1887 at the Théâtre de la Porte Saint-Martin in Paris, with Sarah Bernhardt in the title role. Despite negative ...

'' (1911) with

Lillian Russell Lillian Russell (born Helen Louise Leonard; December 4, 1860 or 1861 – June 6, 1922), was an American actress and singer. She became one of the most famous actresses and singers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, known for her beauty ...

based on the play by

Victorien Sardou Victorien Sardou ( , ; 5 September 18318 November 1908) was a French dramatist. He is best remembered today for his development, along with Eugène Scribe, of the well-made play. He also wrote several plays that were made into popular 19th-centur ...

*''A Tragedy of the Olden Times'' (1911) *''

Trilby A trilby is a narrow-brimmed type of hat. The trilby was once viewed as the rich man's favored hat; it is sometimes called the "brown trilby" in Britain Roetzel, Bernhard (1999). ''Gentleman's Guide to Grooming and Style''. Barnes & Noble. and ...

and Svengali'' (1911) *''A Trip Up Mount Lowe USA'' (1913) *''A True Briton'' (1912) *''Two Can Play at the Same Game'' (1911) *''The Two Chorus Girls'' (1911) *''Two Christmas Hampers'' (1911) *''Two Clowns'' (1906) *''The Two Rivals'' (1912) *''Uncle's Picnic'' (1911) *''The Unveiling of the Queen Victoria Memorial'' (1911) *''The Vandal Outlaws'' (1912) *"Varieties of Sweet Peas" (1911) *''

and the Grand Canal'' (1910) *''The Vicissitudes of a Top Hat'' (1912) *''View of Brighton Front'' (1909) *''A Visit to

'' (1909) *''

'' (1908) *''Visite de son Altesse Royale le Duc de Connaught a

'' (1910) *''Voyage de

Liverpool Liverpool is a city and metropolitan borough in Merseyside, England. With a population of in 2019, it is the 10th largest English district by population and its metropolitan area is the fifth largest in the United Kingdom, with a populat ...

Vancouver Vancouver ( ) is a major city in western Canada, located in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia. As the List of cities in British Columbia, most populous city in the province, the 2021 Canadian census recorded 662,248 people in the ...

via

'' (1910) *''Washington's Home and Grounds at

Mount Vernon Mount Vernon is an American landmark and former plantation of Founding Father, commander of the Continental Army in the Revolutionary War, and the first president of the United States George Washington and his wife, Martha. The estate is on ...

'' (1910) *''Water Carnival at

Villefranche-sur-Mer Villefranche-sur-Mer (, ; oc, Vilafranca de Mar ; it, Villafranca Marittima ) is a resort town in the Alpes-Maritimes Departments of France, department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Regions of France, region on the French Riviera and is l ...

'' (1909) *''Waves and Spray'' (1909) *''

William Howard Taft William Howard Taft (September 15, 1857March 8, 1930) was the 27th president of the United States (1909–1913) and the tenth chief justice of the United States (1921–1930), the only person to have held both offices. Taft was elected pr ...

'' (1912) *''

William Tell William Tell (german: Wilhelm Tell, ; french: Guillaume Tell; it, Guglielmo Tell; rm, Guglielm Tell) is a folk hero of Switzerland. According to the legend, Tell was an expert mountain climber and marksman with a crossbow who assassinated Albr ...

'' (1914) *''Winter in

Moscow Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 millio ...

'' (1913) *''Winter Sports at Are'' (1913) *''

'' (''The Durbar at Delhi'') (1912) *"With the Fighting Forces of Europe" (1914) *''The Wizard and the Brigands'' (1911) *''

Woman Draped in Patterned Handkerchiefs ''Woman Draped in Patterned Handkerchiefs'' is a 1908 in film, 1908 UK, British Short subject, short silent film, silent documentary film, directed by George Albert Smith (inventor), George Albert Smith as a showcase of his new Kinemacolor syst ...

'' (1908) *'' The World, the Flesh and the Devil'' (1914) *''Yoshitsune Senbon Zakura'' (Japan, 1914) *''An Expression'' (Japan, 1935)

References

{{reflist, 2

External links

*Kinemacolor on
Timeline of Historical Film Colors
', with primary and secondary sources, patents, and photographs of historical film prints.

].
Kinematograph Apparatus for the Production of Colored Pictures
by George Albert Smith, U.S. patent, filed 1907.
Improvements in, and relating to, Kinematograph Apparatus for the Production of Coloured Pictures
British patent 26,607 accepted 25 July 1907 cancelled 26 April 1915 *
My Impressions of 'Kinemacolor'
, ''Wilson's Photographic Magazine'', 1912. *
Animation in Natural Colours
, ''Moving Pictures'', 1912. Audiovisual introductions in 1908 History of film Motion picture film formats Film and video technology Articles containing video clips