Kinemacolor was the first successful colour motion picture process, used commercially from 1908 to 1914. It was invented by George Albert Smith in 1906. He was influenced by the work of William Norman Lascelles Davidson and, more directly,

Edward Raymond Turner Edward Raymond Turner (1873 – 9 March 1903) was a pioneering British inventor and cinematographer. He produced the earliest known colour motion picture film footage. Biography Turner was born in 1873 in Clevedon, North Somerset, UK. In late ...

. It was launched by Charles Urban's Urban Trading Co. of

London London is the capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary dow ...

in 1908. From 1909 on, the process was known and trademarked as Kinemacolor. It was a two-colour additive colour process, photographing and projecting a black-and-white film behind alternating red and green filters.

Process

"How to Make and Operate Moving Pictures" published by

Funk & Wagnalls Funk & Wagnalls was an American publisher known for its reference works, including ''A Standard Dictionary of the English Language'' (1st ed. 1893–5), and the ''Funk & Wagnalls Standard Encyclopedia'' (25 volumes, 1st ed. 1912).Funk & Wagnalls ...

in 1917 notes the following:

Premiere

The first motion picture exhibited in Kinemacolor was an eight-minute short filmed in Brighton titled '' A Visit to the Seaside'', which was trade shown in September 1908. On 26 February 1909, the general public first saw Kinemacolor in a programme of twenty-one short films shown at the

Palace Theatre Palace Theatre, or Palace Theater, is the name of many theatres in different countries, including: Australia * Palace Theatre, Melbourne, Victoria *Palace Theatre, Sydney, New South Wales Canada *Palace Theatre, housed in the Robillard Block, M ...

in London. The process was first seen in the United States on 11 December 1909, at an exhibition staged by Smith and Urban at

Madison Square Garden Madison Square Garden, colloquially known as The Garden or by its initials MSG, is a multi-purpose indoor arena in New York City. It is located in Midtown Manhattan between Seventh and Eighth avenues from 31st to 33rd Street, above Pennsylv ...

in New York City. In 1911, Kinemacolor released the first dramatic film made in the process, ''Checkmated''. The company then produced the

documentary film A documentary film or documentary is a non-fictional motion-picture intended to "document reality, primarily for the purposes of instruction, education or maintaining a historical record". Bill Nichols has characterized the documentary in te ...

s '' With Our King and Queen Through India'' (also known as ''The Durbar at Delhi'', 1912), and the notable recovery of £750,000 worth of gold and silver bullion from the wreck of P&O's SS ''Oceana'' in the

Strait of Dover The Strait of Dover or Dover Strait (french: Pas de Calais - ''Strait of Calais''), is the strait at the narrowest part of the English Channel, marking the boundary between the Channel and the North Sea, separating Great Britain from continent ...

(1912). '' With Our King and Queen Through India'' and the dramas '' The World, the Flesh and the Devil'' (1914), and ''

Little Lord Fauntleroy ''Little Lord Fauntleroy'' is a novel by Frances Hodgson Burnett. It was published as a serial in ''St. Nicholas Magazine'' from November 1885 to October 1886, then as a book by Scribner's (the publisher of ''St. Nicholas'') in 1886. The ill ...

'' (1914) were the first three

feature films A feature film or feature-length film is a narrative film (motion picture or "movie") with a running time long enough to be considered the principal or sole presentation in a commercial entertainment program. The term ''feature film'' originall ...

made in colour. These latter two features were also among the last films released by Kinemacolor.

Success and decline

Kinemacolor enjoyed the most commercial success in the UK where, between 1909 and 1918, it was shown at more than 250 entertainment venues. The system was made available to exhibitors either by licence or from 1913 through a series of touring companies. Although in most cases the system stayed at licensed venues for only a few months there were instances where it remained at a hall for up to two years. 54 dramatic films were produced. Four dramatic short films were also produced by Kinemacolor in the United States in 1912 and 1913, and one in Japan, ''Yoshitsune Senbon Zakura'' (1914). However, the company was never a success, partly due to the expense of installing special Kinemacolor projectors in cinemas. Also, the process suffered from "fringeing" and "haloing" of the images, an unsolvable problem as long as Kinemacolor remained a successive frame process. Kinemacolor in the U.S. became most notable for its Hollywood studio being taken over by

D. W. Griffith David Wark Griffith (January 22, 1875 – July 23, 1948) was an American film director. Considered one of the most influential figures in the history of the motion picture, he pioneered many aspects of film editing and expanded the art of the n ...

, who also took over Kinemacolor's uncompleted project to film Thomas Dixon's ''

The Clansman ''The Clansman: A Historical Romance of the Ku Klux Klan'' is a novel published in 1905, the second work in the Ku Klux Klan trilogy by Thomas Dixon Jr. (the others are ''The Leopard's Spots'' and ''The Traitor (Dixon novel), The Traitor''). Chro ...

'', which eventually became ''

The Birth of a Nation ''The Birth of a Nation'', originally called ''The Clansman'', is a 1915 American silent epic drama film directed by D. W. Griffith and starring Lillian Gish. The screenplay is adapted from Thomas Dixon Jr.'s 1905 novel and play ''The Clan ...

'' (

1915 Events Below, the events of World War I have the "WWI" prefix. January * January – British physicist Sir Joseph Larmor publishes his observations on "The Influence of Local Atmospheric Cooling on Astronomical Refraction". * January ...

). The 1 reels shot in Kinemacolor are lost, and the finished film is entirely in black-and-white. The first (additive) version of Prizma Color, developed by William Van Doren Kelley in the U.S. from 1913 to 1917, used some of the same principles as Kinemacolor. In the UK, William Friese-Greene developed another additive colour system for film called Biocolour. However, in 1914 George Albert Smith sued Friese-Greene for infringing Kinemacolor's patents, slowing the development of Biocolour by Friese-Greene and his son Claude in the 1920s.

Predecessor process

In 2012, the National Media Museum in

Bradford Bradford is a city and the administrative centre of the City of Bradford district in West Yorkshire, England. The city is in the Pennines' eastern foothills on the banks of the Bradford Beck. Bradford had a population of 349,561 at the 2011 ...

England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe ...

publicized its digital restoration of some very early three-colour alternating-filter test films, dated to 1902, made by

. They are believed to be the earliest existing colour film footage. Turner's process, for which Charles Urban had provided financial backing, was adapted by Smith after Turner's sudden death in 1903, and this in turn became Kinemacolor.

List of films made in Kinemacolor

*''The Adopted Child'' (1911) *"Advance Styles of Ostrich Plumage" (1911) *''

Aldershot Aldershot () is a town in Hampshire, England. It lies on heathland in the extreme northeast corner of the county, southwest of London. The area is administered by Rushmoor Borough Council. The town has a population of 37,131, while the Alder ...

Views'' (1912) *''

All's Well That Ends Well ''All's Well That Ends Well'' is a play by William Shakespeare, published in the '' First Folio'' in 1623, where it is listed among the comedies. There is a debate regarding the dating of the composition of the play, with possible dates rangi ...

'' (1914) *''

Alpes-Maritimes Alpes-Maritimes (; oc, Aups Maritims; it, Alpi Marittime, "Maritime Alps") is a department of France located in the country's southeast corner, on the Italian border and Mediterranean coast. Part of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region, ...

— Cascade de Courmes'' (1912) *''The

Alps The Alps () ; german: Alpen ; it, Alpi ; rm, Alps ; sl, Alpe . are the highest and most extensive mountain range system that lies entirely in Europe, stretching approximately across seven Alpine countries (from west to east): France, Sw ...

'' (1913) *''An American Invasion'' (1913) *''The Amorous Doctor'' (1911) *''Artillery Drill at

West Point The United States Military Academy (USMA), also known Metonymy, metonymically as West Point or simply as Army, is a United States service academies, United States service academy in West Point, New York. It was originally established as a f ...

'' (1910) *''

Atlantic City Atlantic City, often known by its initials A.C., is a coastal resort city in Atlantic County, New Jersey, United States. The city is known for its casinos, boardwalk, and beaches. In 2020, the city had a population of 38,497.

'' (1912) *''The Baby'' (1910) *''A Balkan Episode'' (1911) *''Band of Queen's Highlanders'' (1909) *"Barnyard Pets" (1910) *"Beads of the World" (1911) *''Big Waves at

Brighton Brighton () is a seaside resort and one of the two main areas of the City of Brighton and Hove in the county of East Sussex, England. It is located south of London. Archaeological evidence of settlement in the area dates back to the Bronze A ...

'' (1912) *"The Birth of a Flower" (1910) *''

'' (1911, uncompleted) *''Biskra and the

Sahara , photo = Sahara real color.jpg , photo_caption = The Sahara taken by Apollo 17 astronauts, 1972 , map = , map_image = , location = , country = , country1 = , ...

Desert'' (1910) *''The Blackmailer'' (1911) *''Boys Will Be Boys'' (1911) *"Britain Prepared" (1915) *''Brown's German Liver Cure'' (1911) *''The Bully'' (1910) *''The Burglar as Father Christmas'' (1911) *''Burial of the

Maine Maine () is a state in the New England and Northeastern regions of the United States. It borders New Hampshire to the west, the Gulf of Maine to the southeast, and the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Quebec to the northeast and nor ...

'' (1912) *''Butterflies'' (1913) *''By Order of Napoleon'' (1910) *''By the Side of the

Zuyder Zee The Zuiderzee or Zuider Zee (; old spelling ''Zuyderzee'' or ''Zuyder Zee'') was a shallow bay of the North Sea in the northwest of the Netherlands, extending about 100 km (60 miles) inland and at most 50 km (30 miles) wide, with an ov ...

'' (1912) *''Caesar's Prisoners'' (1911) *''

Cairo Cairo ( ; ar, القاهرة, al-Qāhirah, ) is the capital of Egypt and its largest city, home to 10 million people. It is also part of the largest urban agglomeration in Africa, the Arab world and the Middle East: The Greater Cairo metr ...

and the Nile'' (1912) *''The Call of the Blood'' (1913) *''The Cap of Invisibility'' (1912) *''Carnival at

Nice Nice ( , ; Niçard: , classical norm, or , nonstandard, ; it, Nizza ; lij, Nissa; grc, Νίκαια; la, Nicaea) is the prefecture of the Alpes-Maritimes department in France. The Nice agglomeration extends far beyond the administrative ...

'' (1914) *''Carnival in

Ceylon Sri Lanka (, ; si, ශ්‍රී ලංකා, Śrī Laṅkā, translit-std=ISO (); ta, இலங்கை, Ilaṅkai, translit-std=ISO ()), formerly known as Ceylon and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an ...

'' (1913) *''Carnival Scenes at

and

Cannes Cannes ( , , ; oc, Canas) is a city located on the French Riviera. It is a commune located in the Alpes-Maritimes department, and host city of the annual Cannes Film Festival, Midem, and Cannes Lions International Festival of Creativity. The ...

'' (1909) *''Cart Horse Parade-May 31-

Regent's Park Regent's Park (officially The Regent's Park) is one of the Royal Parks of London. It occupies of high ground in north-west Inner London, administratively split between the City of Westminster and the Borough of Camden (and historically betwee ...

'' (1912) *''Castles in the Air'' (1912) *''Cat Studies'' (1908) *''Charles Barnold's Dog and Monkey'' (1912) *''Checkmated'' (1911) *"The Chef’s Preparations" (1910) *''Children Forming United States Flag at Albany Capitol'' (1912) *''Children's Battle of Flowers at

'' (1909) *"Choice Bouquets" (1910) *''Choosing the Wallpaper'' (1910) *''A Christmas Spirit'' (1912) *''Church Parade of the 7th Hussars and 16th Lancers'' (1909) *''A Cingalese Fishing Village in

'' (1913) *''A Citizeness of Paris'' (1911) *''The Clown's Sacrifice'' (1911) *''Coney Gets the Glad Eye'' (1913) *''Coney as a Peacemaker'' (1913) *''Coronation of

George V George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 – 20 January 1936) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 6 May 1910 until his death in 1936. Born during the reign of his grandmother ...

'' (1911) *''The Coster's Wedding'' (1910) *''The Crusader'' (1911) *''Dandy Dick of

Bishopsgate Bishopsgate was one of the eastern gates in London's former defensive wall. The gate gave its name to the Bishopsgate Ward of the City of London. The ward is traditionally divided into ''Bishopsgate Within'', inside the line wall, and ''Bisho ...

'' (1911) *"A Day at Henley" (1911) *''A Detachment of Gordon Highlanders'' (1909) *''Detective Henry and the Paris Apaches'' (1911) *''A Devoted Friend'' (1911) *''Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde'' (1913 British) *''Egypt'' (1910) *''Elevating an Elephant'' (1913) *''An Elizabethan Romance'' (1912) *''Entertaining Auntie'' (1913) *''Esther: A Biblical Episode'' (1911) *''The Explorers'' (1913) *''The Fall of Babylon'' (1911) *''Farm Yard Friends'' (1910) *''Fate'' (1911) *"Feeding Poultry at Prowse Jones Farm" (1911) *''Fifty Miles from Tombstone'' (1913) *''The Fisherman's Daughter'' (1911) *''Floral Fiends'' (1910) *''The Flower Girl of Florence'' (1911) *''Following Mother's Footsteps'' (1911) *''For the Crown'' (1911) *"Forces of Europe" (1914) *"Fording the River" (1910) *''A French Duel'' (1911) *"The Freshwater Aquarium" (1911) *''From Bud to Blossom'' (1910) *''From Factory Girl to Prima Donna'' (1911) *''The Funeral of

Edward VII Edward VII (Albert Edward; 9 November 1841 – 6 May 1910) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and Emperor of India, from 22 January 1901 until Death and state funeral of Edward VII, his death in 1910. The second chil ...

'' (1910) *''

Galileo Galileo di Vincenzo Bonaiuti de' Galilei (15 February 1564 – 8 January 1642) was an Italian astronomer, physicist and engineer, sometimes described as a polymath. Commonly referred to as Galileo, his name was pronounced (, ). He was ...

'' (1911) *''A Gambler's Villainy'' (1912) *''Ganges at Benares'' (1913) *"Gems and Jewels" (1911) *''The General's Only Son'' (1911) *''George V's Visit to

Ireland Ireland ( ; ga, Éire ; Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean, in north-western Europe. It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel, the Irish Sea, and St George's Channel. Ireland is the s ...

'' (1911) *''Gerald's Butterfly'' (1912) *''Girl Worth Having'' (1913) *''Gladioli'' (1913) *''Grape vineyards in Piedmont, Italy'' (1914) *"The Harvest" (1908) *''Haunted Otter'' (1913) *''

Hiawatha Hiawatha ( , also : ), also known as Ayenwathaaa or Aiionwatha, was a precolonial Native American leader and co-founder of the Iroquois Confederacy. He was a leader of the Onondaga people, the Mohawk people, or both. According to some account ...

'' (1913) *''A Highland Lassie'' (1910) *''The Highlander'' (1911) *''His Brother's Keeper'' (1913) *''His Conscience'' (1911) *''His Last Burglary'' (1911) *''The House That Jack Built'' (1913) *
How to Live 100 Years
' (1913) *''The Hypnotist and the Convict'' (1911) *''Ice Cutting on the St. Lawrence River'' (1912) *''In Gollywog Land'' (1912) *''In the Reign of Terror'' (1911) *''Inaugurazione del Campanile di San Marco,

Venice Venice ( ; it, Venezia ; vec, Venesia or ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto Regions of Italy, region. It is built on a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 ...

'' (1912) *''Incident on

Beach'' (1909) *''Indiens sur le terrain M. A. A. A.'' (1910) *''The Inventor's Son'' (1911) *''The Investiture of the

Prince of Wales Prince of Wales ( cy, Tywysog Cymru, ; la, Princeps Cambriae/Walliae) is a title traditionally given to the heir apparent to the English and later British throne. Prior to the conquest by Edward I in the 13th century, it was used by the rule ...

at Caernarvon'' (1911) *''Italian Flower and Bead Vendors'' (1912) *''Italy'' (1910) *''

Jack and the Beanstalk "Jack and the Beanstalk" is an English fairy tale. It appeared as "The Story of Jack Spriggins and the Enchanted Bean" in 1734 4th edition On Commons and as Benjamin Tabart's moralized "The History of Jack and the Bean-Stalk" in 1807. Henry Co ...

'' (1912) *''

Jane Shore Elizabeth "Jane" Shore (née Lambert) (c. 1445 – c. 1527) was one of the many mistresses of King Edward IV of England. She became the best-known to history through being later accused of conspiracy by the future King Richard III, and compelle ...

'' (1911) *''Japan'' (1913) *''Johnson at the Wedding'' (1911) *''Julius Caesar's Sandals'' (1911) *"Khartoum and his Natives" (1911) *''Kinemacolor Fashion Gazette'' (1913) *''Kinemacolor Panama Pictures'' (1913) *''Kinemacolor Photo Plays'' (1913) *''Kinemacolor Puzzle'' (1909) *''Kinemacolor Songs'' (1911) *''The King and Queen on Their Way to Open the

Victoria and Albert Museum The Victoria and Albert Museum (often abbreviated as the V&A) in London is the world's largest museum of applied arts, decorative arts and design, housing a permanent collection of over 2.27 million objects. It was founded in 1852 and nam ...

'' (1912) *''The King of Indigo'' (1911) *''Kitty the Dressmaker'' (1911) *''Lady Beaulay's Necklace'' (1911) *''

Lake Garda Lake Garda ( it, Lago di Garda or ; lmo, label= Eastern Lombard, Lach de Garda; vec, Ƚago de Garda; la, Benacus; grc, Βήνακος) is the largest lake in Italy. It is a popular holiday location in northern Italy, about halfway between ...

Northern Italy'' (1910) *''Launch of the S.S. Olympic'' (1912) *''The Letter'' (1909) *''Liquors and Cigars'' (1910) *''The Little Daughter's Letter'' (1911) *''Little Lady Lafayette'' (1911) *''

'' (1914) *''The Little Picture Producer'' (1914) *''The Little Wooden Soldier'' (1912) *''The London Fire Brigade'' (1910) *''London Zoological Gardens'' (1910) *''Lost Collar Stud'' (1914) *''The Lost Ring'' (1911) *''Love and War in Toyland'' (1913) *''Love Conquers'' (1911) *''Love in a Cottage'' (1911) *''Love of Riches'' (1911) *''Love Story of Charles II'' (1911) *''Love's Strategy'' (1911) *''A Lucky Escape'' (1911) *''The Lust for Gold'' (1912) *''Magic Ring'' (1911) *''The Making of the

Panama Canal The Panama Canal ( es, Canal de Panamá, link=no) is an artificial waterway in Panama that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean and divides North and South America. The canal cuts across the Isthmus of Panama and is a condui ...

'' (1912) *"Man's Best Friends" (1911) *''The Marble Industry at

Carrara Carrara ( , ; , ) is a city and ''comune'' in Tuscany, in central Italy, of the province of Massa and Carrara, and notable for the white or blue-grey marble quarried there. It is on the Carrione River, some west-northwest of Florence. Its mot ...

Italy'' (1913) *"Mephisto" (1912) *''A Merry Monarch'' (1913) *''The Mighty Dollar'' (1912) *''The Millionaire's Nephew'' (1911) *''The Minstrel King'' (1912) *''Miscellaneous Flowers'' (1914) *''Mischievous Puck'' (1911) *''Mission Bells'' (1913) *''Modelling Extraordinary'' (1912) *''A Modern Hero'' (1911) *''The Modern Pygmalion and Galatea'' (1911) *''Motor and Yacht Boating in England'' (1910) *''Music Hath Charms'' (1911) *''Mystic Manipulations'' (1911) *''A Narrow Escape'' (1913) *''

Nathan Hale Nathan Hale (June 6, 1755 – September 22, 1776) was an American Patriot, soldier and spy for the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. He volunteered for an intelligence-gathering mission in New York City but was captured ...

'' (1913) *''Natural Color Portraiture'' (1909) *''Naval Review at Spithead'' (1910) *'' Nell Gwynn the Orange Girl'' (1911) *"New York Autumn Fashions" (1912) *"Niagara Falls" (1912) *''Nobility'' (1912) *''A Noble Heart'' (1911) *''Normal Melbourne'' (1912) *''

Nubia Nubia () ( Nobiin: Nobīn, ) is a region along the Nile river encompassing the area between the first cataract of the Nile (just south of Aswan in southern Egypt) and the confluence of the Blue and White Niles (in Khartoum in central Sud ...

Wadi Halfa Wādī Ḥalfā ( ar, وادي حلفا) is a city in the Northern state of Sudan on the shores of Lake Nubia near the border with Egypt. It is the terminus of a rail line from Khartoum and the point where goods are transferred from rail to fer ...

and the Second Cataract'' (1911) *''

Oedipus Rex ''Oedipus Rex'', also known by its Greek title, ''Oedipus Tyrannus'' ( grc, Οἰδίπους Τύραννος, ), or ''Oedipus the King'', is an Athenian tragedy by Sophocles that was first performed around 429 BC. Originally, to the ancient Gr ...

'' (1911) *''Ofia, the Woman Spy'' (1912) *''The Old Guitar'' (1912) *''The Old Hat'' (1910) *''

Oliver Cromwell Oliver Cromwell (25 April 15993 September 1658) was an English politician and military officer who is widely regarded as one of the most important statesmen in English history. He came to prominence during the 1639 to 1651 Wars of the Three ...

'' (1911) *''Only a Woman'' (1912) *''Other People's Children'' (1913) *"Out Gem of a Cook" (1910) *''Pageant of

New Romney New Romney is a market town in Kent, England, on the edge of Romney Marsh, an area of flat, rich agricultural land reclaimed from the sea after the harbour began to silt up. New Romney, one of the original Cinque Ports, was once a sea port, ...

Hythe Hythe, from Anglo-Saxon ''hȳð'', may refer to a landing-place, port or haven, either as an element in a toponym, such as Rotherhithe in London, or to: Places Australia * Hythe, Tasmania Canada *Hythe, Alberta, a village in Canada England * ...

, and

Sandwich A sandwich is a food typically consisting of vegetables, sliced cheese or meat, placed on or between slices of bread, or more generally any dish wherein bread serves as a container or wrapper for another food type. The sandwich began as a po ...

'' (1910) *''Pagsanjan Falls'' (1911) *''Paris Fashions'' (1913) *''The Passions of an Egyptian Princess'' (1911) *''The Peasants and the Fairy'' (1911) *''Performing Elephants'' (1913) *''Phil Rees' Stable Lads'' (1912) *''Picking Strawberries'' (1910) *''

Pisa Pisa ( , or ) is a city and ''comune'' in Tuscany, central Italy, straddling the Arno just before it empties into the Ligurian Sea. It is the capital city of the Province of Pisa. Although Pisa is known worldwide for its leaning tower, the ci ...

Italy'' (1913) *''

Pompeii Pompeii (, ) was an ancient city located in what is now the ''comune'' of Pompei near Naples in the Campania region of Italy. Pompeii, along with Herculaneum and many villas in the surrounding area (e.g. at Boscoreale, Stabiae), was burie ...

'' (1912) *'' Potomac Falls Virginia'' (1910) *''The Power of Prayer'' (1913) *''The Priest's Burden'' (1911) *''The Princess of Romana'' (1913) *''The Rabbits-Sheep-Carrots for the Donkey'' (1909) *''Rambles in Paris'' (1913) *''Reaping'' (1909) *''The Rebel's Daughter'' (1911) *"Refreshments" (1910) *''Representatives of the British Isles'' (1909) *''Reptiles'' (1912) *''Review of Troops by

'' (1910) *''Revues des Boy Scouts a

Montreal Montreal ( ; officially Montréal, ) is the second-most populous city in Canada and most populous city in the Canadian province of Quebec. Founded in 1642 as '' Ville-Marie'', or "City of Mary", it is named after Mount Royal, the triple- ...

'' (1910) *''The Richmond Horse Show'' (1910) *''The Rivals'' (1913) *''Riviera Coast Scenes'' (1909) *''Riviera Fisher Folk'' (1909) *''

Robin Hood Robin Hood is a legendary heroic outlaw originally depicted in English folklore and subsequently featured in literature and film. According to legend, he was a highly skilled archer and swordsman. In some versions of the legend, he is dep ...

'' (1913) *''A Romance of the Canadian Wilds'' (1910) *''Romani the Brigand'' (1912) *''Royal Ascot'' (1912) *''A Run with the

Exmoor Exmoor is loosely defined as an area of hilly open moorland in west Somerset and north Devon in South West England. It is named after the River Exe, the source of which is situated in the centre of the area, two miles north-west of Simonsbath ...

Staghounds'' (1912) *''Sailing and Motor Boat Scenes at Southwick'' (1909) *'' Samson and Delilah'' (1911) *''

Santa Claus Santa Claus, also known as Father Christmas, Saint Nicholas, Saint Nick, Kris Kringle, or simply Santa, is a legendary figure originating in Western Christian culture who is said to bring children gifts during the late evening and overnigh ...

'' (1913) *'' Saved From the Titanic'' (1912) (only two scenes were filmed in Kinemacolor) *''

The Scarlet Letter ''The Scarlet Letter: A Romance'' is a work of historical fiction by American author Nathaniel Hawthorne, published in 1850. Set in the Puritan Massachusetts Bay Colony during the years 1642 to 1649, the novel tells the story of Hester Prynne ...

'' (1913) *''Scenes a

comprenant le

Gymkhana Gymkhana () ( ur, جِمخانہ, sd, جمخانه, hi, जिमख़ाना, as, জিমখানা, bn, জিমখানা) is a British Raj term which originally referred to a place of assembly. The meaning then altered to den ...

'' (1910) *''Scenes in

Algeria ) , image_map = Algeria (centered orthographic projection).svg , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Algiers , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , relig ...

'' (1910) *"Scenes in Cornwall" (1910) *''Scenes on the Mediterranean'' (1913) *''A Scrap of Paper'' (1913) *''A Seaside Comedy'' (1912) *''The Silken Thread'' (1911) *''Simpkin's Dream of a Holiday'' (1911) *''Small Game at the Zoo'' (1912) *"The Smallest Barque in the World" (1911) *''Soldiers' Pet'' (1909) *''

Spreewald The Spree Forest (German: ''Spreewald'', ; Lower Sorbian: ''Błota'', i.e. 'the Swamps') is a large inland delta of the river Spree, and a historical cultural landscape located in the region of (Lower) Lusatia, in the state of Brandenburg, Germ ...

'' (1913) *''St. John the Baptist'' (1912) *''Stage Struck'' (1913) *''Steam'' (1910) *"The Story of Napoleon" (1910) *''The Story of the Orange'' (1913) *''The Story of the Wasp'' (1914) *''Strange Mounts'' (1912) *''Suffragette's Parade in Washington, D.C.'' (1913) *''The Sugar Industry of

Jamaica Jamaica (; ) is an island country situated in the Caribbean Sea. Spanning in area, it is the third-largest island of the Greater Antilles and the Caribbean (after Cuba and Hispaniola). Jamaica lies about south of Cuba, and west of Hispa ...

'' (1913) *''Sunset on the Nile'' (1913) *"Sunsets of Egypt" (1912) *''Swank and the Remedy'' (1911) *''Swans'' (1909) *''Sweet Flowers'' (1909) *'' Tartans of Scottish Clans'' (1906) *''Telemachus'' (1911) *''Three Cape Girls'' (1912) *''The Tide of Fortune'' (1912) *''

Theodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt Jr. ( ; October 27, 1858 – January 6, 1919), often referred to as Teddy or by his initials, T. R., was an American politician, statesman, soldier, conservationist, naturalist, historian, and writer who served as the 26t ...

'' (1912) *''There Is a God'' (1913) *''Tobogganing in Switzerland'' (1913) *'' La Tosca'' (1911) with

Lillian Russell Lillian Russell (born Helen Louise Leonard; December 4, 1860 or 1861 – June 6, 1922), was an American actress and singer. She became one of the most famous actresses and singers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, known for her beauty ...

based on the play by

Victorien Sardou Victorien Sardou ( , ; 5 September 18318 November 1908) was a French dramatist. He is best remembered today for his development, along with Eugène Scribe, of the well-made play. He also wrote several plays that were made into popular 19th-centur ...

*''A Tragedy of the Olden Times'' (1911) *''

Trilby A trilby is a narrow-brimmed type of hat. The trilby was once viewed as the rich man's favored hat; it is sometimes called the "brown trilby" in Britain Roetzel, Bernhard (1999). ''Gentleman's Guide to Grooming and Style''. Barnes & Noble. and ...

and Svengali'' (1911) *''A Trip Up Mount Lowe USA'' (1913) *''A True Briton'' (1912) *''Two Can Play at the Same Game'' (1911) *''The Two Chorus Girls'' (1911) *''Two Christmas Hampers'' (1911) *''Two Clowns'' (1906) *''The Two Rivals'' (1912) *''Uncle's Picnic'' (1911) *''The Unveiling of the Queen Victoria Memorial'' (1911) *''The Vandal Outlaws'' (1912) *"Varieties of Sweet Peas" (1911) *''

and the Grand Canal'' (1910) *''The Vicissitudes of a Top Hat'' (1912) *''View of

Front'' (1909) *''A Visit to

'' (1909) *'' A Visit to the Seaside'' (1908) *''Visite de son Altesse Royale le Duc de Connaught a

'' (1910) *''Voyage de

Liverpool Liverpool is a City status in the United Kingdom, city and metropolitan borough in Merseyside, England. With a population of in 2019, it is the List of English districts by population, 10th largest English district by population and its E ...

Vancouver Vancouver ( ) is a major city in western Canada, located in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia. As the most populous city in the province, the 2021 Canadian census recorded 662,248 people in the city, up from 631,486 in 2016. ...

via

'' (1910) *''Washington's Home and Grounds at

Mount Vernon Mount Vernon is an American landmark and former plantation of Founding Father, commander of the Continental Army in the Revolutionary War, and the first president of the United States George Washington and his wife, Martha. The estate is on ...

'' (1910) *''Water Carnival at

Villefranche-sur-Mer Villefranche-sur-Mer (, ; oc, Vilafranca de Mar ; it, Villafranca Marittima ) is a resort town in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region on the French Riviera and is located south-west of the Principality of ...

'' (1909) *''Waves and Spray'' (1909) *''

William Howard Taft William Howard Taft (September 15, 1857March 8, 1930) was the 27th president of the United States (1909–1913) and the tenth chief justice of the United States (1921–1930), the only person to have held both offices. Taft was elected pr ...

'' (1912) *'' William Tell'' (1914) *''Winter in

Moscow Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...

'' (1913) *''Winter Sports at

Are Are commonly refers to: * Are (unit), a unit of area equal to 100 m2 Are, ARE or Åre may also refer to: Places * Åre, a locality in Sweden * Åre Municipality, a municipality in Sweden ** Åre ski resort in Sweden * Are Parish, a munici ...

'' (1913) *'' With Our King and Queen Through India'' (''The Durbar at Delhi'') (1912) *"With the Fighting Forces of Europe" (1914) *''The Wizard and the Brigands'' (1911) *'' Woman Draped in Patterned Handkerchiefs'' (1908) *'' The World, the Flesh and the Devil'' (1914) *''Yoshitsune Senbon Zakura'' (Japan, 1914) *''An Expression'' (Japan, 1935)

References

{{reflist, 2

External links

*Kinemacolor on
Timeline of Historical Film Colors
', with primary and secondary sources, patents, and photographs of historical film prints.

].
Kinematograph Apparatus for the Production of Colored Pictures
by George Albert Smith, U.S. patent, filed 1907.
Improvements in, and relating to, Kinematograph Apparatus for the Production of Coloured Pictures
British patent 26,607 accepted 25 July 1907 cancelled 26 April 1915 *
My Impressions of 'Kinemacolor'
, ''Wilson's Photographic Magazine'', 1912. *
Animation in Natural Colours
, ''Moving Pictures'', 1912. Audiovisual introductions in 1908 History of film Motion picture film formats Film and video technology Articles containing video clips