The Kiev pogrom of October 18-October 20 (October 31-November 2, 1905, N.S.) came as a result of the collapse of the city hall meeting of October 18, 1905 in

Kiev Kyiv, also spelled Kiev, is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine. It is in north-central Ukraine along the Dnieper, Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2021, its population was 2,962,180, making Kyiv the List of European cities by populat ...

in the

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...

. Consequently, a mob was drawn into the streets. Among the perpetrators were

monarchists Monarchism is the advocacy of the system of monarchy or monarchical rule. A monarchist is an individual who supports this form of government independently of any specific monarch, whereas one who supports a particular monarch is a royalist. ...

reactionaries In political science, a reactionary or a reactionist is a person who holds political views that favor a return to the ''status quo ante'', the previous political state of society, which that person believes possessed positive characteristics abse ...

anti-Semites Antisemitism (also spelled anti-semitism or anti-Semitism) is hostility to, prejudice towards, or discrimination against Jews. A person who holds such positions is called an antisemite. Antisemitism is considered to be a form of racism. Antis ...

, and common

criminals In ordinary language, a crime is an unlawful act punishable by a State (polity), state or other authority. The term ''crime'' does not, in modern criminal law, have any simple and universally accepted definition,Farmer, Lindsay: "Crime, definit ...

, proclaiming that "all Russia's troubles stemmed from the machinations of the

Jews Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The ...

and

socialists Socialism is a left-wing economic philosophy and movement encompassing a range of economic systems characterized by the dominance of social ownership of the means of production as opposed to private ownership. As a term, it describes the eco ...

." The pogrom resulted in a massacre of approximately 100 Jews.

History

According to William C. Fuller, The events building up to the Kiev pogrom included a country-wide wave of Jewish pogroms in a number of towns in southern Russian Empire. According to the Jewish Encyclopedia, "anti-Jewish riots (''

Pogrom A pogrom () is a violent riot incited with the aim of massacring or expelling an ethnic or religious group, particularly Jews. The term entered the English language from Russian to describe 19th- and 20th-century attacks on Jews in the Russia ...

y'') broke out in

Elizabethgrad Kropyvnytskyi ( uk, Кропивницький, Kropyvnytskyi ) is a city in central Ukraine on the Inhul river with a population of . It is an administrative center of the Kirovohrad Oblast. Over its history, Kropyvnytskyi has changed its name ...

(April 27, 28),

(May 8–11),

Shpola Shpola ( uk, Шпола, ; yi, שפּאָלע, Shpole) is a city located in Zvenyhorodka Raion of Cherkasy Oblast (province) in central Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Shpola urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. It had a popu ...

(May 9), Ananiv (May 9), Wasilkov (May 10),

Konotop Konotop ( uk, Конотоп ) is a city in Sumy Oblast in northeastern Ukraine. Konotop serves as the administrative center of Konotop Raion. Konotop is located about 129 km from Sumy, the oblast administrative center. It is host to Ko ...

(May 10), and during the following six months, in one hundred and sixty other places of southern Russia...It was clear that the riots were premeditated. To give but one example—a week before the pogrom of Kiev broke out, Von Hubbenet, chief of police of Kiev, warned some of his Jewish friends of the coming riots." In the opinion of "a Russian from Kiev", published in Prince

Vladimir Meshchersky Prince Vladimir Petrovich Meshchersky (11 January 1839 – 23 July 1914) was a Russian journalist and novelist who, throughout his career, wielded significant political clout. He was the grandson of historian Nikolay Karamzin. A strong support ...

's journal, ''Grazhdanin'' (The Citizen), as quoted by

Vladimir Lenin Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov. ( 1870 – 21 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin,. was a Russian revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He served as the first and founding head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 to 19 ...

, Historian Shlomo Lambroza, not trusting the police sources, used data from opposition materials and counted 3,103 murdered Jews for the entire country of Russia during the 1905-1906 wave of pogroms.John Klier, Shlomo Lambroza, Pogroms: Anti-Jewish violence in modern Russian history (Cambridge, 1992): 228, 231.

Notes

References

*Early Twentieth Century Timelines: Russia in Chao

*William C. Fuller, The Foe Within: Fantasies of Treason and the End of Imperial Russia, 2006

*Michael F. Hamm, Kiev: A Portrait, 1800-1917, rev. ed. (Princeton, 1995), p. 191. *S.N. Dubnow, History of the Jews in Russia and Poland from the Earliest Times Until the Present Day, trans. I. Friedlander, vol.2 (Philadelphia, 1920; repr., New York, 1972), p. 128. *Herman Rosenthal Jewish Encyclopedia, volume I page 347 column 1 article "Alexander III., Alexandrovic

{{Massacres of Jews Anti-Jewish pogroms in the Russian Empire Massacres in Ukraine 1900s in Kyiv Antisemitism in Ukraine Mass murder in 1905 Jews and Judaism in Kyiv Jewish Ukrainian history Kiev Governorate 1905 in Ukraine 1905 in the Russian Empire October 1905 events November 1905 events 1905 in Judaism

History

See also

Notes

References