The Kholm Gate (russian: Холмские ворота, be, Холмская брама) is a gate of the

citadel A citadel is the core fortified area of a town or city. It may be a castle, fortress, or fortified center. The term is a diminutive of "city", meaning "little city", because it is a smaller part of the city of which it is the defensive core. I ...

of Brest Fortress in

Brest Brest may refer to: Places *Brest, Belarus **Brest Region **Brest Airport **Brest Fortress * Brest, Kyustendil Province, Bulgaria * Břest, Czech Republic *Brest, France ** Arrondissement of Brest **Brest Bretagne Airport ** Château de Brest *Br ...

Belarus Belarus,, , ; alternatively and formerly known as Byelorussia (from Russian ). officially the Republic of Belarus,; rus, Республика Беларусь, Respublika Belarus. is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by ...

. Originally built in the 19th Century during

Russian Russian(s) refers to anything related to Russia, including: *Russians (, ''russkiye''), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries *Rossiyane (), Russian language term for all citizens and peo ...

rule, as one of the four fortified

gatehouse A gatehouse is a type of fortified gateway, an entry control point building, enclosing or accompanying a gateway for a town, religious house, castle, manor house, or other fortification building of importance. Gatehouses are typically the mo ...

s, leading into the Citadel of the Russian Brest Fortress. The exterior facade, facing the southern branch of the

Mukhavets River __NOTOC__ The Mukhavets or Mukhovets ( be, Мухаве́ц (''Muchaviec''), , BGN/PCGN romanization: ''Mukhavyets''; russian: Мухове́ц (''Muchovec''), pl, Muchawiec) is a river in western Belarus, a tributary to the Bug. The river ris ...

, was designed in a

classical style Classical architecture usually denotes architecture which is more or less consciously derived from the principles of Greek and Roman architecture of classical antiquity, or sometimes even more specifically, from the works of the Roman architect V ...

decorated with turrets and a medallion. The Kholm Gate was named after the town of

Chełm Chełm (; uk, Холм, Kholm; german: Cholm; yi, כעלם, Khelm) is a city in southeastern Poland with 60,231 inhabitants as of December 2021. It is located to the south-east of Lublin, north of Zamość and south of Biała Podlaska, some ...

, which was directly connected to the gate by a road, with Kholm being the East Slavic version of the town's name. In June 1941, Brest Fortress was the site of heavy fighting during the Defense of Brest Fortress, early into the

German invasion of the Soviet Union Operation Barbarossa (german: link=no, Unternehmen Barbarossa; ) was the invasion of the Soviet Union by Nazi Germany and many of its Axis allies, starting on Sunday, 22 June 1941, during the Second World War. The operation, code-named afte ...

during

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...

. Kholm Gate's facade was badly damaged, but survived relatively intact compared to the rest of the fortress and is one of the two surviving gates, along with the Terespol Gate. BF Kholm in

Books

* ''В. Бешанов.'' Бресткая крепость". Минск: Беларусь, 2004,

References

External links

{{commons category inline, Kholm Gate of the Brest Fortress
Informantion about the combats in the citadel in June 1941 at the official web site of the war memorial “Brest Hero-Fortress”
Fortifications in Belarus Buildings and structures in Brest, Belarus