Khawla bint Jaʿfar al-Ḥanafīyya ( ar, خولة بنت جعفر الحنفية), also known as Umm Muḥammad ( ar, أُمّ مُحَمَّد, link=no), was one of the wives of the Muslim Caliph and Imam
Ali ibn Abi Talib
ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib ( ar, عَلِيّ بْن أَبِي طَالِب; 600 – 661 CE) was the last of four Rightly Guided Caliphs to rule Islam (r. 656 – 661) immediately after the death of Muhammad, and he was the first Shia Imam. ...
.
Biography
She was known as Hanafiyya after her tribe
Banu Hanifa
Banu Hanifa ( ar, بنو حنيفة) is an ancient Arab tribe inhabiting the area of al-Yamama in the central region of modern-day Saudi Arabia. The tribe belongs to the great Rabi'ah branch of North Arabian tribes, which also included Abd ...
. When the people of
Yamama were threatening the integrity of the newly emerging empire by refusing to pay the
zakat
Zakat ( ar, زكاة; , "that which purifies", also Zakat al-mal , "zakat on wealth", or Zakah) is a form of almsgiving, often collected by the Muslim Ummah. It is considered in Islam as a religious obligation, and by Quranic ranking, is ...
(religious tax) to
Abu Bakr
Abu Bakr Abdallah ibn Uthman Abi Quhafa (; – 23 August 634) was the senior companion and was, through his daughter Aisha, a father-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, as well as the first caliph of Islam. He is known with the honor ...
, their men were all declared apostates and killed and she was brought to
Medina
Medina,, ', "the radiant city"; or , ', (), "the city" officially Al Madinah Al Munawwarah (, , Turkish: Medine-i Münevvere) and also commonly simplified as Madīnah or Madinah (, ), is the Holiest sites in Islam, second-holiest city in Islam, ...
as a slave girl together with the other womenfolk. When her tribesmen came to know her, they approached
Ali and requested him to save her from the blemish of slavery and protect her family's honor and prestige. Consequently,
Ali set her free after purchasing her and married her whereafter
Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya
Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib () also known as Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥanafīyya () (15 AH – 81 AH; AD 637 – 700) and surnamed Abū al-Qāsim. He was the third son of Ali ibn Abi Talib (the fourth rightly-guided caliph and the first ...
was born.
Her important descendants
See also
*
Khawlah Khawlah or Khawla () is a feminine Arabic given name, meaning "female deer." Notable people named Khawlah or Khawla include:
Khawlah
*Khawlah bint Ja'far
*Khawlah bint Hakim
*Khawla bint Tha'labah
*Khawlah bint al-Azwar
* Zainab Khawla
Khawla
* Kh ...
*
Jaʽfar
Jafar ( ar, جَعْفَر), meaning in Arabic "small stream/rivulet/creek", is a masculine Arabic given name, common among Muslims especially Arabs
It may also be transliterated Jafar, Jaffar, Jafer, Jaffer, Jafur or, in Egyptian Arabic pronunc ...
References
Tabi‘un
7th-century Arabs
Ali
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