Kháng (), also known as Mang U’, is an
Austroasiatic language of
Vietnam
Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making ...
. It is closely related to the
Bumang language of southern
Yunnan
Yunnan , () is a landlocked province in the southwest of the People's Republic of China. The province spans approximately and has a population of 48.3 million (as of 2018). The capital of the province is Kunming. The province borders the ...
, China.
Classification
Paul Sidwell
Paul James Sidwell is an Australian linguist based in Canberra, Australia who has held research and lecturing positions at the Australian National University. Sidwell, who is also an expert and consultant in forensic linguistics, is most notab ...
(2014) classifies Khang as
Palaungic
The nearly thirty Palaungic or Palaung–Wa languages form a branch of the Austroasiatic languages.
Phonological developments
Most of the Palaungic languages lost the contrastive voicing of the ancestral Austroasiatic consonants, with the disti ...
, although
Jerold Edmondson
Jerold Alan Edmondson (born 1941) (Chinese name: 艾杰瑞 Aì Jiéruì) is an American linguist whose work spans four subdisciplines: historical and comparative linguistics, Asian linguistics, field linguistics, and phonetics. He is a leading spe ...
(2010) suggests it is
Khmuic.
Kháng is most closely related to
Bumang (Edmondson 2010).
Distribution
Kháng speakers are an officially recognized ethnic group in Vietnam, and officially numbered 10,272 in 1999.
The Kháng are distributed in the following districts of northwest Vietnam in
Sơn La Province
''Toxicodendron succedaneum'', the wax tree, Japanese Hazenoki tree (Sumac or wax tree), sơn in Vietnam or charão in Portuguese, is a flowering plant species in the genus ''Toxicodendron'' found in Asia, although it has been planted elsewhere, ...
and
Lai Châu Province
Lai or LAI may refer to:
Abbreviations
* Austrian Latin America Institute (Österreichisches Lateinamerika-Institut)
* '' Latin American Idol'', TV series
* La Trobe Institute, Melbourne, Australia
* Leaf area index, leaf area of a crop or ...
:
[
]
*
Sơn La Province
''Toxicodendron succedaneum'', the wax tree, Japanese Hazenoki tree (Sumac or wax tree), sơn in Vietnam or charão in Portuguese, is a flowering plant species in the genus ''Toxicodendron'' found in Asia, although it has been planted elsewhere, ...
(along the Black River)
**
Thuận Châu (including Bản Ná Lai village)
**
Quỳnh Nhai
**
Mường La
*
Lai Châu Province
Lai or LAI may refer to:
Abbreviations
* Austrian Latin America Institute (Österreichisches Lateinamerika-Institut)
* '' Latin American Idol'', TV series
* La Trobe Institute, Melbourne, Australia
* Leaf area index, leaf area of a crop or ...
**
Phong Thổ Phong may refer to:
Computer graphics
*Phong shading
*Phong reflection model
* Blinn–Phong shading model
*Bui Tuong Phong - creator of the Phong shading interpolation method and reflection model.
Other
*Phong-Kniang language
*Nam Phong (di ...
**
Mường Tè
**
Than Uyên
*
Điện Biên Province
**
Mường Lay (alternatively Mường Chà)
**
Tuần Giáo
References
Further reading
*Dao Jie 刀洁. 2007. ''Bumang yu yanjiu 布芒语研究
study of Bumang'. Beijing: Minzu University.
*Ferlus, Michel. 1996
''Langues et peuples viet-muong'' iet-Muong languages and peoples Mon-Khmer Studies Journal (MKS) 26. 7–28
*Mikami, Naomitsu. 2003. "A Khang phonology and wordlist." ''Reports on Minority Languages in Mainland Southeast Asia'', ed. by Ueda Hiromi, 1–42. Endangered Languages of the Pacific Rim. Osaka: Faculty of Informatics, Osaka Gakuin University.
*Schliesinger, Joachim. 1998. ''Hill tribes of Vietnam. Vol''. Vol. 2. 2 vols. Bangkok: White Lotus Co. Ltd.
*Thông Tấn Xã Việt Nam
ietnam News Agency 2006. ''Việt Nam Hình Ảnh Cộng Dồng 54 Dân Tộc''
ietnam Image of the Community of 54 Ethnic Groups Hanoi: The Vna Publishing House.
External links
*https://web.archive.org/web/20131202221448/http://cema.gov.vn/modules.php?name=Content&op=details&mid=508
*http://projekt.ht.lu.se/rwaai RWAAI (Repository and Workspace for Austroasiatic Intangible Heritage)
*
http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0003-93F5-2@view Khang in RWAAI Digital Archive
Khmuic languages
Palaungic languages
Languages of Vietnam
{{AustroAsiatic-lang-stub