''Kenyapithecus wickeri'' is a

fossil A fossil (from Classical Latin , ) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age. Examples include bones, shells, exoskeletons, stone imprints of animals or microbes, objects preserved ...

ape discovered by

Louis Leakey Louis Seymour Bazett Leakey (7 August 1903 – 1 October 1972) was a Kenyan-British palaeoanthropologist and archaeologist whose work was important in demonstrating that humans evolved in Africa, particularly through discoveries made at Olduvai ...

in 1961 at a site called Fort Ternan in

Kenya ) , national_anthem = " Ee Mungu Nguvu Yetu"() , image_map = , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Nairobi , coordinates = , largest_city = Nairobi , ...

. The upper jaw and

teeth A tooth ( : teeth) is a hard, calcified structure found in the jaws (or mouths) of many vertebrates and used to break down food. Some animals, particularly carnivores and omnivores, also use teeth to help with capturing or wounding prey, ...

were dated to 14 million years ago. One theory states that ''Kenyapithecus'' may be the common ancestor of all the

great ape The Hominidae (), whose members are known as the great apes or hominids (), are a taxonomic family of primates that includes eight extant species in four genera: '' Pongo'' (the Bornean, Sumatran and Tapanuli orangutan); ''Gorilla'' (the ...

s. More recent investigations suggest ''Kenyapithecus'' is more primitive than that and is only slightly more modern than ''

Proconsul A proconsul was an official of ancient Rome who acted on behalf of a consul. A proconsul was typically a former consul. The term is also used in recent history for officials with delegated authority. In the Roman Republic, military command, or ' ...

'', which is considered to be an ape. Evidence suggests that ''Kenyapithecus wickeri'' was one of the species that started a radiation of apes out of

Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...

Morphology

Impressed by ''Kenyapithecus''s modern-looking teeth, Leakey declared ''Kenyapithecus'' to be "a very early ancestor of man himself." ''Kenyapithecus'' possessed craniodental

adaptation In biology, adaptation has three related meanings. Firstly, it is the dynamic evolutionary process of natural selection that fits organisms to their environment, enhancing their evolutionary fitness. Secondly, it is a state reached by the po ...

s for hard object feeding including thicker molar enamel, and a large

mandible In anatomy, the mandible, lower jaw or jawbone is the largest, strongest and lowest bone in the human facial skeleton. It forms the lower jaw and holds the lower teeth in place. The mandible sits beneath the maxilla. It is the only movable bone ...

, large premolars and upper incisors that are similar to those seen in living pitheciine monkeys. ''Kenyapithecus'' also possessed macaque-like limbs adapted for a

knuckle-walking Knuckle-walking is a form of quadrupedal walking in which the forelimbs hold the fingers in a partially flexed posture that allows body weight to press down on the ground through the knuckles. Gorillas, bonobos, and chimpanzees use this style o ...

mode of semi-terrestrial locomotion.McCrossin ML,Benefit, BR Gitau, SN Palmer, AK Blue, KT. (1998
Fossil evidence for the origins of terrestriality among Old World higher primates
Primate locomotion: recent advances. New York: Plenum Press. p 353-396 This could show that as hominins evolved, they passed through a knuckle-walking phase. ''Kenyapithecus wickeri'' has very distinct features, especially details in the canine teeth and is similar to modern apes.

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q133165, from2=Q14505128 Prehistoric apes Miocene primates of Africa Fossil taxa described in 1962 Prehistoric primate genera Miocene mammals of Africa

Morphology

See also

References