The Karkin people (also called ''Los Carquines'' in Spanish) are one of eight Ohlone peoples,

indigenous peoples of California The indigenous peoples of California (known as Native Californians) are the indigenous inhabitants who have lived or currently live in the geographic area within the current boundaries of California before and after the arrival of Europeans. ...

. The Karkin people have historically lived in the

Carquinez Strait The Carquinez Strait (; Spanish: ''Estrecho de Carquinez'') is a narrow tidal strait in Northern California. It is part of the tidal estuary of the Sacramento and the San Joaquin rivers as they drain into the San Francisco Bay. The strait is ...

region in the northeast portion of the

San Francisco Bay San Francisco Bay is a large tidal estuary in the U.S. state of California, and gives its name to the San Francisco Bay Area. It is dominated by the big cities of San Francisco, San Jose, and Oakland. San Francisco Bay drains water f ...

estuary. They spoke the

Karkin language The Karkin language (also called ''Los Carquines'' in Spanish) is one of eight Ohlone languages. It was formerly spoken in north central California, but by the 1950s there were no more native speakers.

, the only documentation of which is a single vocabulary obtained by linguist-missionary Felipe Arroyo de la Cuesta at

Mission Dolores Dolores, Spanish for "pain; grief", most commonly refers to: * Our Lady of Sorrows or La Virgen María de los Dolores * Dolores (given name) Dolores may also refer to: Film * ''Dolores'' (2017 film), an American documentary by Peter Bratt * ...

in 1821 from Karkin speaker Mariano Antonio Sagnegse. According to de la Cuesta, ''karkin'' means 'to trade.' Although meager, the records of Karkin show that it constituted a distinct branch of Costanoan/Ohlone, strikingly different from the neighboring

Chochenyo The Chochenyo (also called Chocheño, Chocenyo) are one of the divisions of the indigenous Ohlone (Costanoan) people of Northern California. The Chochenyo reside on the east side of the San Francisco Bay (the East Bay), primarily in what is ...

and other Ohlone languages spoken farther south and across the bay. It is believed that there were about 200 Karkin speakers before colonization. Starting in 1787, some Karkin people began moving to

in present-day San Francisco. In 1804 and 1807, Karkins resisted attempts by Mission Indians to recapture fugitive Indians who had escaped the mission. The last Karkins moved to the mission between 1809 and 1810. At the end of 1817, 49 Karkins were living at Mission Dolores. By the end of 1823, 35 Karkin people lived at Mission Dolores, Mission San Francisco Solano, and Mission San Jose, seven of whom had been born in the missions.Milliken, Shoup, and Ortiz 2009:122 The Confederated Villages of Lisjan is a tribe made up of Karkin and six other neighboring indigenous groups.

Corrina Gould Corrina Gould, spokeswoman and Tribal Chair of the Confederated Villages of Lisjan/Ohlone, a Chochenyo and a Karkin Ohlone woman,

is a Karkin and

activist who co-founded Indian People Organizing for Change and the Sogorea Te’ Land Trust, and is the spokesperson for the Confederated Villages of Lisjan.

Notes

References

* Beeler, Madison S. 1961. "Northern Costanoan." ''International Journal of American Linguistics'' 27: 191–197. * Callaghan, Catherine A. 1997. "Evidence for Yok-Utian." ''International Journal of American Linguistics'' 63:18–64. * Golla, Victor. 2007. "Linguistic Prehistory." ''California Prehistory: Colonization, Culture, and Complexity''. Terry L. Jones and Kathryn A. Klar, eds., pp. 71–82. New York: Altamira Press. . * Levy 1978, cited in
"Karkin"
'. Survey of California and Other Indian Languages. University of California, Berkeley. Retrieved 16 August 2021. * Milliken, Randall T. 1995. ''A Time of Little Choice: The Disintegration of Tribal Culture in the San Francisco Bay Region, 1769–1810''. Menlo Park, CA: Ballena Press. * Milliken, Randall T. 2008. ''Native Americans at Mission San Jose''. Banning, CA: Malki-Ballena Press. . * Milliken, Randall; Shoup, Laurence H.; Ortiz, Beverly R.; Archaeological and Historical Consultants Oakland, California (June 2009)
Ohlone/Costanoan Indians of the San Francisco Peninsula and their Neighbors, Yesterday and Today
(PDF) (Report). National Park Service Golden Gate National Recreation Area, San Francisco, California. Retrieved 16 August 2021.

External links

Karkin language
overview at the Survey of California and Other Indian Languages
Costanoan/Ohlone Indian Language
Ohlone Native American tribes in California California Mission Indians History of Contra Costa County, California History of Solano County, California History of the San Francisco Bay Area Culture in the San Francisco Bay Area {{NorthAm-native-stub fr:Karkin hr:Karkin pms:Lenga karkin

See also

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References

External links