Kandyba or Candyba ( Hittite: 𒄭𒅔𒁺𒉿 ''Hinduwa'', Lycian: 𐊜𐊙𐊋𐊂𐊆 ''Xãkbi'', grc, Κάνδυβα, la, Candyba) was a settlement in

ancient Lycia Lycia ( Lycian: 𐊗𐊕𐊐𐊎𐊆𐊖 ''Trm̃mis''; el, Λυκία, ; tr, Likya) was a state or nationality that flourished in Anatolia from 15–14th centuries BC (as Lukka) to 546 BC. It bordered the Mediterranean Sea in what is ...

, in modern-day

Antalya province Antalya Province ( tr, ) is located on the Mediterranean coast of south-west Turkey, between the Taurus Mountains and the Mediterranean Sea. Antalya Province is the centre of Turkey's tourism industry, attracting 30% of foreign tourists visi ...

on the southwestern Mediterranean coast of

Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula in ...

. The modern Turkish village next to the ruins of ancient Kandyba is named Çataloluk.

Name

The name Kandyba is the Greek version of the Lycian name Khãkbi, which is a variation of the

Bronze Age The Bronze Age is a historic period, lasting approximately from 3300 BC to 1200 BC, characterized by the use of bronze, the presence of writing in some areas, and other early features of urban civilization. The Bronze Age is the second prin ...

Hittite name Hinduwa. According to Greek legends, it took its name from the Candybus, son of

Deucalion In Greek mythology, Deucalion (; grc-gre, Δευκαλίων) was the son of Prometheus; ancient sources name his mother as Clymene, Hesione, or Pronoia.A scholium to ''Odyssey'' 10.2 (='' Catalogue'' fr. 4) reports that Hesiod called Deucal ...

from

Greek mythology A major branch of classical mythology, Greek mythology is the body of myths originally told by the ancient Greeks, and a genre of Ancient Greek folklore. These stories concern the origin and nature of the world, the lives and activities ...

Geography

The ancient settlement is set on a hilltop high above the plain of Kasaba, 13 kilometres north of

Kaş Kaş (; el, Αντίφελλος, translit=Antífellos, translit-std=ISO) is a small fishing, diving, yachting and tourist town, and a district of Antalya Province of Turkey, 168 km west of the city of Antalya. As a tourist resort, it is re ...

. The modern village is located to the south of the ruins.

History

In antiquity, Candyba was one of the smaller cities of Lycia, but was an independent

polis ''Polis'' (, ; grc-gre, πόλις, ), plural ''poleis'' (, , ), literally means "city" in Greek. In Ancient Greece, it originally referred to an administrative and religious city center, as distinct from the rest of the city. Later, it also ...

with voting rights in the

Lycian League Lycia ( Lycian: 𐊗𐊕𐊐𐊎𐊆𐊖 ''Trm̃mis''; el, Λυκία, ; tr, Likya) was a state or nationality that flourished in Anatolia from 15–14th centuries BC (as Lukka) to 546 BC. It bordered the Mediterranean Sea in what is t ...

and minted its own coins. Since it was in the

Roman province The Roman provinces (Latin: ''provincia'', pl. ''provinciae'') were the administrative regions of Ancient Rome outside Roman Italy that were controlled by the Romans under the Roman Republic and later the Roman Empire. Each province was rule ...

of Lycia, the

bishopric In church governance, a diocese or bishopric is the ecclesiastical district under the jurisdiction of a bishop. History In the later organization of the Roman Empire, the increasingly subdivided provinces were administratively associate ...

of Candyba was a suffragan of the

metropolitan see Metropolitan may refer to: * Metropolitan area, a region consisting of a densely populated urban core and its less-populated surrounding territories * Metropolitan borough, a form of local government district in England * Metropolitan county, a ...

of Myra, the province's capital. The names of two of its

bishop A bishop is an ordained clergy member who is entrusted with a position of authority and oversight in a religious institution. In Christianity, bishops are normally responsible for the governance of dioceses. The role or office of bishop is c ...

s are preserved in extant records. Constantinus took part in the

Second Council of Nicaea The Second Council of Nicaea is recognized as the last of the first seven ecumenical councils by the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Catholic Church. In addition, it is also recognized as such by the Old Catholics, the Anglican Communion, an ...

in 787; and Basilius was at the Photian

Council of Constantinople (879) The Fourth Council of Constantinople was held in 879–880. It confirmed the reinstatement of Photius I as patriarch of Constantinople. The result of this council is accepted by some Eastern Orthodox as having the authority of an ecumenical co ...

. No longer a residential bishopric, Candyba is today listed by the

Catholic Church The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...

as a

titular see A titular see in various churches is an episcopal see of a former diocese that no longer functions, sometimes called a "dead diocese". The ordinary or hierarch of such a see may be styled a "titular metropolitan" (highest rank), "titular archbis ...

Archaeology

Some of the rock tombs are beautifully executed. One perfect inscription in Lycian characters was found. A coin procured on the spot from the peasantry had the letters KAND on it. Spratt's ''Lycia'', vol. i. p. 95.

References

* Martin Zimmermann: Untersuchungen zur historischen Landeskunde Zentrallykiens, Bonn 1992, pp. 56–61. * Hansgerd Hellenkemper, Friedrich Hild: Lykien und Pamphylien. Tabula Imperii Byzantini 8. Vienna 2004. Vol. 2, pp. 595–596. *

External links

Description and photos of Kandyba (in German)
{{coord, 36.321453, N, 29.679548, E, source:wikidata, display=title Archaeological sites in Antalya Province Hellenistic colonies in Anatolia Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Turkey Former populated places in Turkey Geography of Antalya Province Populated places in ancient Lycia Kaş District