Lysyl-tRNA synthetase is an
enzyme
Enzymes () are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecules known as products ...
that in humans is encoded by the ''KARS''
gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a b ...
.
Function
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are a class of enzymes that charge tRNAs with their cognate amino acids. Lysyl-tRNA synthetase is a homodimer localized to the cytoplasm which belongs to the class II family of tRNA synthetases. It has been shown to be a target of autoantibodies in the human autoimmune diseases, polymyositis or dermatomyositis
Besides its role in translation, Lysyl-tRNA synthetase is involved in a signaling pathway leading to gene activation.
Following physiological stimulation of a variety of cells, Lysyl-tRNA synthetase binds to the transcription factors
MITF
Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor also known as class E basic helix-loop-helix protein 32 or bHLHe32 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''MITF'' gene.
MITF is a basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription fact ...
and
USF2 and can then influence their transcriptional activities. Such physiological stimulation includes immunological activation of mast cells, so this pathway maybe relevant to the allergic response.
Interactions
KARS (gene) has been shown to
interact
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with
Multisynthetase complex auxiliary component p38
Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase complex-interacting multifunctional protein 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''AIMP2'' gene.
Function
The JTV1 gene is located on chromosome 7p22 flanked by two genes, HRI and PMS2. JTV1 and HRI overla ...
.
Physiological trigger such as immunological activation results in the phosphorylation of LysRS on its serine residues. It separates from the multisynthetase complex and initiates
Ap4A production.
References
Further reading
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