Junta ( or ) is a Spanish, Portuguese and Italian () term for a civil deliberative or administrative council. In

English English usually refers to: * English language * English people English may also refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England ** English national ...

, the term, even when used alone, generally refers to a " military junta", the government of an authoritarian state run by high-ranking officers of a

military A military, also known collectively as armed forces, is a heavily armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare. It is typically authorized and maintained by a sovereign state, with its members identifiable by their distinct ...

. In

Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical ...

, a ''giunta'' is the civil

executive Executive ( exe., exec., execu.) may refer to: Role or title * Executive, a senior management role in an organization ** Chief executive officer (CEO), one of the highest-ranking corporate officers (executives) or administrators ** Executive di ...

of regions (see Regions of Italy#Institutions) and of municipalities (''

comune The (; plural: ) is a local administrative division of Italy, roughly equivalent to a township or municipality. It is the third-level administrative division of Italy, after regions ('' regioni'') and provinces (''province''). The can also ...

'', see Comune#Importance and function). In Spain, the term refers to various historical and current governing institutions of a particular territory or occasion. An earlier, different use of the word in English was the Whig Junto, a political faction in early 18th-century Britain. The term is not related to the

Sanskrit Sanskrit (; attributively , ; nominally , , ) is a classical language belonging to the Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages. It arose in South Asia after its predecessor languages had Trans-cultural diffusion ...

word '' Janatā'' (also transliterated as ''Jantā'' and ''Juntā''), which refers to ''the public/people/masses''.

Historical examples

Junta (Habsburg) Under Habsburg rule, a junta (or jointe) was an administrative body ruled in personal union with the Spanish Habsburgs. Juntas existed in Spain, Italy, and other European countries; in the Low Countries, the French name ''jointe'' was also off ...

* Specific to Spain: ** Name of some of the institutions of government of the autonomous communities of Spain (

Regional Government of Andalusia The Regional Government of Andalusia ( es, Junta de Andalucía) is the government of the Autonomous Community of Andalusia. It consists of the Parliament, the President of the Regional Government and the Government Council. The 2011 budget was 31 ...

and ''Junta of Castile and León'') or the parliament of the Principality of Asturias (

General Junta of the Principality of Asturias The General Junta of the Principality of Asturias (in Spanish: ''Junta General del Principado de Asturias'', in Asturian: ''Xunta Xeneral del Principáu d'Asturies'') is the parliament of Asturias, an autonomous community of Spain. Its Statute ...

) ** Junta (Peninsular War), 1808–1810 ** Junta acting as jury in Valladolid debate, 1550s * Argentina: ** Primera Junta, 1810 ** Junta Grande, 1810s ** National Reorganization Process, 1970's * Chile in the 1810s: ** List of Government Juntas of Chile * Portugal: ** National Salvation Junta, ruled 1974−1975, after the

Carnation Revolution The Carnation Revolution ( pt, Revolução dos Cravos), also known as the 25 April ( pt, 25 de Abril, links=no), was a military coup by left-leaning military officers that overthrew the authoritarian Estado Novo regime on 25 April 1974 in Lisbo ...

** Junta de freguesia, the executive body of a freguesia (civil parish) * Other organisations: ** Junta de Investigación de Accidentes de Aviación Civil, the Argentinian civil aviation accident investigation agency **

Revolutionary Government Junta The Revolutionary Government Junta ( es, Junta Revolucionaria de Gobierno, JRG) was the name of three consecutive joint civilian-military dictatorships that ruled El Salvador between 15 October 1979 and 2 May 1982. The first junta, from 1979 to 1 ...

, three consecutive Salvadoran joint civilian-military dictatorships **

Junta Investigadora de Accidentes de Aviación Civil The ''Civil Aviation Accident Investigation Board'' (JIAAC ) was the civil aviation accident investigation agency of Venezuela. The JIAAC had its headquarters in Chacao, Caracas, Miranda State. Before its closure, it was an organization under the ...

, the former Venezuelan civil aviation accident investigation agency ** Junta de Aviación Civil, the Dominican Republic civil aviation authority ** Junta de Administración Portuaria y de Desarrollo Económico de la Vertiente Atlántica de Costa Rica, the Costa Rican Board of Port Administration and Economic Development of the Atlantic Coast ** Junta (trade unionism), a group of leading British trade unionists in the 1860s

References

{{Authority control Broad-concept articles Authoritarianism Spanish words and phrases Portuguese words and phrases

Historical examples

See also

References