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Pre-1600

* 1098 – Fighters of the
First Crusade The First Crusade (1096–1099) was the first of a series of religious wars, or Crusades, initiated, supported and at times directed by the Latin Church in the medieval period. The objective was the recovery of the Holy Land from Islamic ...
defeat Kerbogha of Mosul at the battle of Antioch. * 1360Muhammed VI becomes the tenth
Nasrid The Nasrid dynasty ( ar, بنو نصر ''banū Naṣr'' or ''banū al-Aḥmar''; Spanish: ''Nazarí'') was the last Muslim dynasty in the Iberian Peninsula, ruling the Emirate of Granada from 1230 until 1492. Its members claimed to be of Arab ...
king of
Granada Granada (,, DIN: ; grc, Ἐλιβύργη, Elibýrgē; la, Illiberis or . ) is the capital city of the province of Granada, in the autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain. Granada is located at the foot of the Sierra Nevada mountains, at the c ...
after killing his brother-in-law
Ismail II Ismail II (; Born Ismail Mirza; 31 May 1537 – 24 November 1577) was the third Shah of Safavid Iran from 1576 to 1577. He was the second son of Tahmasp I with his principal consort, Sultanum Begum. By the orders of Tahmasp, Ismail spent twen ...
. * 1461 – Edward, Earl of March, is crowned King Edward IV of England. *
1495 Year 1495 ( MCDXCV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * February – King's College, Aberdeen, predecessor of the University of Aberdeen i ...
– A French force heavily defeats a much larger Neapolitan and Spanish army at the battle of Seminara, leading to the creation of the Tercios by Gonzalo de Córdoba. * 1519Charles V is elected Emperor of the
Holy Roman Empire The Holy Roman Empire was a political entity in Western, Central, and Southern Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars. From the accession of Otto I in 962 unt ...
. *
1575 __NOTOC__ Year 1575 ( MDLXXV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * January 21 – Queen Elizabeth I of England grants a monopoly on producin ...
Sengoku period The was a period in History of Japan, Japanese history of near-constant civil war and social upheaval from 1467 to 1615. The Sengoku period was initiated by the Ōnin War in 1467 which collapsed the Feudalism, feudal system of Japan under the ...
of Japan: The combined forces of
Oda Nobunaga was a Japanese ''daimyō'' and one of the leading figures of the Sengoku period. He is regarded as the first "Great Unifier" of Japan. Nobunaga was head of the very powerful Oda clan, and launched a war against other ''daimyō'' to unify ...
and
Tokugawa Ieyasu was the founder and first ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa Shogunate of Japan, which ruled Japan from 1603 until the Meiji Restoration in 1868. He was one of the three "Great Unifiers" of Japan, along with his former lord Oda Nobunaga and fello ...
are victorious in the Battle of Nagashino.


1601–1900

* 1635
Guadeloupe Guadeloupe (; ; gcf, label= Antillean Creole, Gwadloup, ) is an archipelago and overseas department and region of France in the Caribbean. It consists of six inhabited islands— Basse-Terre, Grande-Terre, Marie-Galante, La Désirade, and ...
becomes a French colony. * 1651 – The Battle of Berestechko between
Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populou ...
and
Ukraine Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inva ...
starts. * 1745 – A
New England New England is a region comprising six states in the Northeastern United States: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont. It is bordered by the state of New York to the west and by the Canadian provinces ...
colonial army captures the French fortifications at
Louisbourg Louisbourg is an unincorporated community and former town in Cape Breton Regional Municipality, Nova Scotia. History The French military founded the Fortress of Louisbourg in 1713 and its fortified seaport on the southwest part of the harbour ...
( New Style). * 1776
American Revolutionary War The American Revolutionary War (April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783), also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, was a major war of the American Revolution. Widely considered as the war that secured the independence of t ...
: The Battle of Sullivan's Island ends with the American victory, leading to the commemoration of
Carolina Day The following are minor or locally celebrated holidays related to the American Revolution. A Great Jubilee Day A Great Jubilee Day, first organized May 26, 1783 in North Stratford, now Trumbull, Connecticut, celebrated end of major fighting in t ...
. * 1776 – American Revolutionary War: Thomas Hickey,
Continental Army The Continental Army was the army of the United Colonies (the Thirteen Colonies) in the Revolutionary-era United States. It was formed by the Second Continental Congress after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War, and was establis ...
private and bodyguard to General
George Washington George Washington (February 22, 1732, 1799) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first president of the United States from 1789 to 1797. Appointed by the Continental Congress as commander of ...
, is hanged for mutiny and
sedition Sedition is overt conduct, such as speech and organization, that tends toward rebellion against the established order. Sedition often includes subversion of a constitution and incitement of discontent toward, or insurrection against, esta ...
. * 1778 – American Revolutionary War: The American Continentals engage the British in the Battle of Monmouth Courthouse resulting in standstill and British withdrawal under cover of darkness. * 1797 – French troops disembark in
Corfu Corfu (, ) or Kerkyra ( el, Κέρκυρα, Kérkyra, , ; ; la, Corcyra.) is a Greek island in the Ionian Sea, of the Ionian Islands, and, including its small satellite islands, forms the margin of the northwestern frontier of Greece. The isl ...
, beginning the French rule in the Ionian Islands. * 1807 – Second British invasion of the Río de la Plata;
John Whitelocke John Whitelocke (1757 – 23 October 1833) was a British Army officer. Military career Educated at Marlborough Grammar School and at Lewis Lochée's military academy in Chelsea, Whitelocke entered the army in 1778 and served in Jamaica and in Sa ...
lands at Ensenada on an attempt to recapture
Buenos Aires Buenos Aires ( or ; ), officially the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires ( es, link=no, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires), is the capital and primate city of Argentina. The city is located on the western shore of the Río de la Plata, on South ...
and is defeated by the locals. *
1838 Events January–March * January 10 – A fire destroys Lloyd's Coffee House and the Royal Exchange in London. * January 11 – At Morristown, New Jersey, Samuel Morse, Alfred Vail and Leonard Gale give the first public demonstration o ...
Coronation of Queen Victoria The coronation of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom took place on Thursday, 28 June 1838, just over a year after she succeeded to the throne of the United Kingdom at the age of 18. The ceremony was held in Westminster Abbey after a publi ...
of the
United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and ...
. * 1841 – The Paris Opera Ballet premieres ''
Giselle ''Giselle'' (; ), originally titled ''Giselle, ou les Wilis'' (, ''Giselle, or The Wilis''), is a romantic ballet (" ballet-pantomime") in two acts with music by Adolphe Adam. Considered a masterwork in the classical ballet performance canon ...
'' in the
Salle Le Peletier The Salle Le Peletier or Lepeletier (sometimes referred to as the Salle de la rue Le Peletier or the Opéra Le Peletier) was the home of the Paris Opera from 1821 until the building was destroyed by fire in 1873. The theatre was designed and con ...
. * 1855Sigma Chi
fraternity A fraternity (from Latin ''frater'': "brother"; whence, " brotherhood") or fraternal organization is an organization, society, club or fraternal order traditionally of men associated together for various religious or secular aims. Fraternit ...
is founded in North America. * 1859 – The first conformation dog show is held in
Newcastle upon Tyne Newcastle upon Tyne ( RP: , ), or simply Newcastle, is a city and metropolitan borough in Tyne and Wear, England. The city is located on the River Tyne's northern bank and forms the largest part of the Tyneside built-up area. Newcastle is ...
, England. *
1865 Events January–March * January 4 – The New York Stock Exchange opens its first permanent headquarters at 10-12 Broad near Wall Street, in New York City. * January 13 – American Civil War : Second Battle of Fort Fisher ...
– The
Army of the Potomac The Army of the Potomac was the principal Union Army in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War. It was created in July 1861 shortly after the First Battle of Bull Run and was disbanded in June 1865 following the surrender of the Confede ...
is disbanded. *
1870 Events January–March * January 1 ** The first edition of ''The Northern Echo'' newspaper is published in Priestgate, Darlington, England. ** Plans for the Brooklyn Bridge are completed. * January 3 – Construction of the Br ...
– The US Congress establishes the first federal holidays (New Year Day, July 4th, Thanksgiving, and Christmas). * 1880 – Australian bushranger Ned Kelly is captured at Glenrowan. * 1881 – The
Austro–Serbian Alliance of 1881 The Austro–Serbian Convention of 1881 was a secret bilateral treaty signed in Belgrade on 28 June 1881 by Gabriel Freiherr Herbert-Rathkeal on behalf of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and by Čedomilj Mijatović″Austro-ugarsko-srpska tajna konv ...
is secretly signed. * 1882 – The
Anglo-French Convention of 1882 The Anglo-French Convention of 1882 was signed on 28 June 1882 between Great Britain and France. It confirmed the territorial boundaries between Guinea and Sierra Leone around Conakry and Freetown. However, it was never fully ratified by the Fren ...
marks the territorial boundaries between
Guinea Guinea ( ),, fuf, 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫, italic=no, Gine, wo, Gine, nqo, ߖߌ߬ߣߍ߫, bm, Gine officially the Republic of Guinea (french: République de Guinée), is a coastal country in West Africa. It borders the Atlantic Ocean to the we ...
and
Sierra Leone Sierra Leone,)]. officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country on the southwest coast of West Africa. It is bordered by Liberia to the southeast and Guinea surrounds the northern half of the nation. Covering a total area of , Sierr ...
. * 1894Labor Day becomes an official US holiday. * 1895 – The
United States Court of Private Land Claims The United States Court of Private Land Claims (1891–1904) was an ad-hoc court created to decide land claims guaranteed by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, in the territories of New Mexico, Arizona, and Utah, and in the states of Nevada, Color ...
rules
James Reavis James Addison Reavis (May 10, 1843November 27, 1914), later using the name James Addison Peralta-Reavis, the so-called Baron of Arizona, was an American forger and fraudster. He is best known in association with the Peralta land grant, also kno ...
’s claim to Barony of Arizona is "wholly fictitious and fraudulent." * 1896 – An explosion in the Newton Coal Company's Twin Shaft Mine in Pittston, Pennsylvania results in a massive cave-in that kills 58 miners.


1901–present

* 1902 – The U.S. Congress passes the Spooner Act, authorizing President
Theodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt Jr. ( ; October 27, 1858 – January 6, 1919), often referred to as Teddy or by his initials, T. R., was an American politician, statesman, soldier, conservationist, naturalist, historian, and writer who served as the 26t ...
to acquire rights from Colombia for the
Panama Canal The Panama Canal ( es, Canal de Panamá, link=no) is an artificial waterway in Panama that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean and divides North and South America. The canal cuts across the Isthmus of Panama and is a condui ...
. * 1904 – The runs aground on Hasselwood Rock in the North Atlantic northwest of
Ireland Ireland ( ; ga, Éire ; Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean, in north-western Europe. It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel, the Irish Sea, and St George's Channel. Ireland is the s ...
. More than 635 people die during the sinking. *
1911 A notable ongoing event was the race for the South Pole. Events January * January 1 – A decade after federation, the Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory are added to the Commonwealth of Australia. * ...
– The
Nakhla meteorite Nakhla is a Martian meteorite which fell in Egypt in 1911. It was the first meteorite reported from Egypt, the first one to suggest signs of aqueous processes on Mars, and the prototype for Nakhlite type of meteorites. History The Nakhla mete ...
, the first one to suggest signs of aqueous processes on
Mars Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second-smallest planet in the Solar System, only being larger than Mercury. In the English language, Mars is named for the Roman god of war. Mars is a terrestrial planet with a thin at ...
, falls to Earth, landing in Egypt. * 1914Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife
Sophie Sophie is a version of the female given name Sophia, meaning "wise". People with the name Born in the Middle Ages * Sophie, Countess of Bar (c. 1004 or 1018–1093), sovereign Countess of Bar and lady of Mousson * Sophie of Thuringia, Duchess o ...
are
assassinated Assassination is the murder of a prominent or important person, such as a head of state, head of government, politician, world leader, member of a royal family or CEO. The murder of a celebrity, activist, or artist, though they may not have ...
in Sarajevo; this is the ''
casus belli A (; ) is an act or an event that either provokes or is used to justify a war. A ''casus belli'' involves direct offenses or threats against the nation declaring the war, whereas a ' involves offenses or threats against its ally—usually one ...
'' of
World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll, one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, ...
. * 1917 – World War I: Greece joins the Allied powers. * 1919 – The
Treaty of Versailles The Treaty of Versailles (french: Traité de Versailles; german: Versailler Vertrag, ) was the most important of the peace treaties of World War I. It ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. It was signed on 28 June 1 ...
is signed, ending the state of war between Germany and the
Allies of World War I The Allies of World War I, Entente Powers, or Allied Powers were a coalition of countries led by France, the United Kingdom, Russia, Italy, Japan, and the United States against the Central Powers of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ott ...
. *
1921 Events January * January 2 ** The Association football club Cruzeiro Esporte Clube, from Belo Horizonte, is founded as the multi-sports club Palestra Italia by Italian expatriates in Brazil. ** The Spanish liner ''Santa Isabel'' bre ...
– Serbian King
Alexander I Alexander I may refer to: * Alexander I of Macedon, king of Macedon 495–454 BC * Alexander I of Epirus (370–331 BC), king of Epirus * Pope Alexander I (died 115), early bishop of Rome * Pope Alexander I of Alexandria (died 320s), patriarch of A ...
proclaims the new constitution of the
Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes Kingdom commonly refers to: * A monarchy ruled by a king or queen * Kingdom (biology), a category in biological taxonomy Kingdom may also refer to: Arts and media Television * ''Kingdom'' (British TV series), a 2007 British television drama s ...
, known thereafter as the Vidovdan Constitution. *
1922 Events January * January 7 – Dáil Éireann (Irish Republic), Dáil Éireann, the parliament of the Irish Republic, ratifies the Anglo-Irish Treaty by 64–57 votes. * January 10 – Arthur Griffith is elected President of Dáil Éirean ...
– The Irish Civil War begins with the shelling of the Four Courts in
Dublin Dublin (; , or ) is the capital and largest city of Ireland. On a bay at the mouth of the River Liffey, it is in the province of Leinster, bordered on the south by the Dublin Mountains, a part of the Wicklow Mountains range. At the 2016 ...
by Free State forces. * 1926
Mercedes-Benz Mercedes-Benz (), commonly referred to as Mercedes and sometimes as Benz, is a German luxury and commercial vehicle automotive brand established in 1926. Mercedes-Benz AG (a Mercedes-Benz Group subsidiary established in 2019) is headquarte ...
is formed by
Gottlieb Daimler Gottlieb Wilhelm Daimler (; 17 March 1834 – 6 March 1900) was a German engineer, industrial designer and industrialist born in Schorndorf ( Kingdom of Württemberg, a federal state of the German Confederation), in what is now Germany. He w ...
and
Karl Benz Carl Friedrich Benz (; 25 November 1844 – 4 April 1929), sometimes also Karl Friedrich Benz, was a German engine designer and automotive engineer. His Benz Patent Motorcar from 1885 is considered the first practical modern automobile and fi ...
merging their two companies. * 1936 – The Japanese puppet state of Mengjiang is formed in northern China. * 1940
Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern, and Southeast Europe, Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, S ...
cedes
Bessarabia Bessarabia (; Gagauz: ''Besarabiya''; Romanian: ''Basarabia''; Ukrainian: ''Бессара́бія'') is a historical region in Eastern Europe, bounded by the Dniester river on the east and the Prut river on the west. About two thirds o ...
and Northern
Bukovina Bukovinagerman: Bukowina or ; hu, Bukovina; pl, Bukowina; ro, Bucovina; uk, Буковина, ; see also other languages. is a historical region, variously described as part of either Central or Eastern Europe (or both).Klaus Peter Berge ...
to the
Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen nationa ...
after facing an ultimatum. * 1942
World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...
:
Nazi Germany Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was ...
starts its strategic summer offensive against the
Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen nationa ...
, codenamed Case Blue. * 1945 – Poland's Soviet-allied Provisional Government of National Unity is formed over a month after
V-E Day Victory in Europe Day is the day celebrating the formal acceptance by the Allies of World War II of Germany's unconditional surrender of its armed forces on Tuesday, 8 May 1945, marking the official end of World War II in Europe in the Easte ...
. * 1948
Cold War The Cold War is a term commonly used to refer to a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc. The term '' cold war'' is used because t ...
: The Tito–Stalin Split results in the expulsion of the
League of Communists of Yugoslavia The League of Communists of Yugoslavia, mk, Сојуз на комунистите на Југославија, Sojuz na komunistite na Jugoslavija known until 1952 as the Communist Party of Yugoslavia, sl, Komunistična partija Jugoslavije mk ...
from the Cominform. * 1948 – Boxer
Dick Turpin Richard Turpin (bapt. 21 September 1705 – 7 April 1739) was an English highwayman whose exploits were romanticised following his execution in York for horse theft. Turpin may have followed his father's trade as a butcher ea ...
beats
Vince Hawkins ''For the Doctor Who character, see Horror of Fang Rock'' Vincent Gregory "Vince" Hawkins (15 April 1923 – 27 November 2008) was a British middleweight boxer who became British champion in 1946. Career A reserve firefighter on the railways fro ...
at
Villa Park Villa Park is a football stadium in Aston, Birmingham, England, with a seating capacity of 42,682. It has been the home of Premier League side Aston Villa since 1897. The ground is less than a mile from both Witton and Aston railway station ...
in
Birmingham Birmingham ( ) is a city and metropolitan borough in the metropolitan county of West Midlands in England. It is the second-largest city in the United Kingdom with a population of 1.145 million in the city proper, 2.92 million in the We ...
to become the first black British boxing champion in the modern era. * 1950
Korean War {{Infobox military conflict , conflict = Korean War , partof = the Cold War and the Korean conflict , image = Korean War Montage 2.png , image_size = 300px , caption = Clockwise from top:{ ...
: Suspected communist sympathizers (between 60,000 and 200,000) are executed in the Bodo League massacre. * 1950 – Korean War: Packed with its own refugees fleeing Seoul and leaving their 5th Division stranded, South Korean forces blow up the
Hangang Bridge The Hangang Bridge, literally ''Han River bridge'', crosses the Han River in Seoul, South Korea. It connects the districts of Yongsan-gu to the north and Dongjak-gu to the south, and crosses over the artificial island of Nodeulseom. The bridge ...
in an attempt to slow North Korea's offensive. The city falls later that day. * 1950 – Korean War:
North Korean Army The Korean People's Army (KPA; ) is the military force of North Korea and the armed wing of the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK). Under the '' Songun'' policy, it is the central institution of North Korean society. Currently, WPK General ...
conducts the
Seoul National University Hospital massacre The Seoul National University Hospital massacre () was a massacre of 700 to 900 doctors, nurses, inpatient civilians and wounded soldiers by the Korean People's Army (KPA) on 28 June 1950 at the Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul distr ...
. *
1956 Events January * January 1 – The Anglo-Egyptian Condominium ends in Sudan. * January 8 – Operation Auca: Five U.S. evangelical Christian missionaries, Nate Saint, Roger Youderian, Ed McCully, Jim Elliot and Pete Fleming, are kille ...
– In
Poznań Poznań () is a city on the River Warta in west-central Poland, within the Greater Poland region. The city is an important cultural and business centre, and one of Poland's most populous regions with many regional customs such as Saint Joh ...
, workers from HCP factory go to the streets, sparking one of the first major protests against communist government both in Poland and Europe. * 1964Malcolm X forms the
Organization of Afro-American Unity __NOTOC__ The Organization of Afro-American Unity (OAAU) was a Pan-Africanist organization founded by Malcolm X in 1964. The OAAU was modeled on the Organization of African Unity, which had impressed Malcolm X during his visit to Africa ...
. *
1969 This year is notable for Apollo 11's first landing on the moon. Events January * January 4 – The Government of Spain hands over Ifni to Morocco. * January 5 **Ariana Afghan Airlines Flight 701 crashes into a house on its approach to ...
Stonewall riots The Stonewall riots (also known as the Stonewall uprising, Stonewall rebellion, or simply Stonewall) were a series of spontaneous protests by members of the gay community in response to a police raid that began in the early morning hours of ...
begin in New York City, marking the start of the Gay Rights Movement. * 1973 – Elections are held for the Northern Ireland Assembly, which will lead to power-sharing between unionists and nationalists in
Northern Ireland Northern Ireland ( ga, Tuaisceart Éireann ; sco, label=Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster-Scots, Norlin Airlann) is a part of the United Kingdom, situated in the north-east of the island of Ireland, that is #Descriptions, variously described as ...
for the first time. * 1976 – The
Angola , national_anthem = "Angola Avante"() , image_map = , map_caption = , capital = Luanda , religion = , religion_year = 2020 , religion_ref = , coordinat ...
n court sentences US and UK
mercenaries A mercenary, sometimes Pseudonym, also known as a soldier of fortune or hired gun, is a private individual, particularly a soldier, that joins a military conflict for personal profit, is otherwise an outsider to the conflict, and is not a memb ...
to death sentences and prison terms in the
Luanda Trial The Luanda Trial was a trial held in Luanda, Angola, in June 1976 during the Angolan Civil War. Thirteen Western mercenaries were sentenced to either long prison terms or execution by firing squad. Background Angola had gained its independence f ...
. *
1978 Events January * January 1 – Air India Flight 855, a Boeing 747 passenger jet, crashes off the coast of Bombay, killing 213. * January 5 – Bülent Ecevit, of CHP, forms the new government of Turkey (42nd government). * January 6 ...
– The
United States Supreme Court The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all U.S. federal court cases, and over state court cases that involve a point o ...
, in '' Regents of the University of California v. Bakke'' bars quota systems in college admissions. * 1981 – A powerful bomb explodes in
Tehran Tehran (; fa, تهران ) is the largest city in Tehran Province and the capital of Iran. With a population of around 9 million in the city and around 16 million in the larger metropolitan area of Greater Tehran, Tehran is the most popul ...
, killing 73 officials of the
Islamic Republican Party The Islamic Republican Party (IRP; fa, حزب جمهوری اسلامی, Ḥezb-e Jomhūrī-e Eslāmī, also translated Islamic Republic Party) formed in 1979 to assist the Iranian Revolution and Ayatollah Khomeini establish theocracy in Iran. ...
. *
1982 Events January * January 1 – In Malaysia and Singapore, clocks are adjusted to the same time zone, UTC+8 (GMT+8.00). * January 13 – Air Florida Flight 90 crashes shortly after takeoff into the 14th Street Bridge in Washington, D.C ...
Aeroflot Flight 8641 Aeroflot Flight 8641 was a Yakovlev Yak-42 airliner on a domestic scheduled passenger flight from Leningrad to Kyiv. On 28 June 1982, the flight crashed south of Mozyr, Belorussian SSR, killing all 132 people on board. The accident was both the ...
crashes in Mazyr,
Belarus Belarus,, , ; alternatively and formerly known as Byelorussia (from Russian ). officially the Republic of Belarus,; rus, Республика Беларусь, Respublika Belarus. is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by ...
, killing 132 people. * 1987 – For the first time in military history, a civilian population is targeted for
chemical attack Chemical warfare (CW) involves using the toxic properties of chemical substances as weapons. This type of warfare is distinct from nuclear warfare, biological warfare and radiological warfare, which together make up CBRN, the military acronym ...
when Iraqi warplanes bombed the Iranian town of Sardasht. *
1989 File:1989 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Cypress Street Viaduct, Cypress structure collapses as a result of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, killing motorists below; The proposal document for the World Wide Web is submitted; The Exxo ...
– On the 600th anniversary of the Battle of Kosovo,
Slobodan Milošević Slobodan Milošević (, ; 20 August 1941 – 11 March 2006) was a Yugoslav and Serbian politician who was the president of Serbia within Yugoslavia from 1989 to 1997 (originally the Socialist Republic of Serbia, a constituent republic of ...
delivers the Gazimestan speech at the site of the historic battle. *
1997 File:1997 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The movie set of ''Titanic'', the highest-grossing movie in history at the time; '' Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone'', is published; Comet Hale-Bopp passes by Earth and becomes one of ...
Holyfield–Tyson II: Mike Tyson is disqualified in the third round for biting a piece off Evander Holyfield's ear. *
2001 The September 11 attacks against the United States by Al-Qaeda, which killed 2,977 people and instigated the global war on terror, were a defining event of 2001. The United States led a multi-national coalition in an invasion of Afghanist ...
Slobodan Milošević Slobodan Milošević (, ; 20 August 1941 – 11 March 2006) was a Yugoslav and Serbian politician who was the president of Serbia within Yugoslavia from 1989 to 1997 (originally the Socialist Republic of Serbia, a constituent republic of ...
is extradited to the
ICTY The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) was a body of the United Nations that was established to prosecute the war crimes that had been committed during the Yugoslav Wars and to try their perpetrators. The tribunal ...
in
The Hague The Hague ( ; nl, Den Haag or ) is a city and municipality of the Netherlands, situated on the west coast facing the North Sea. The Hague is the country's administrative centre and its seat of government, and while the official capital o ...
to stand trial. *
2004 2004 was designated as an International Year of Rice by the United Nations, and the International Year to Commemorate the Struggle Against Slavery and its Abolition (by UNESCO). Events January * January 3 – Flash Airlines Flight ...
Iraq War {{Infobox military conflict , conflict = Iraq War {{Nobold, {{lang, ar, حرب العراق (Arabic) {{Nobold, {{lang, ku, شەڕی عێراق (Kurdish languages, Kurdish) , partof = the Iraq conflict (2003–present), I ...
: Sovereign power is handed to the interim government of Iraq by the
Coalition Provisional Authority ) , capital = Baghdad , largest_city = capital , common_languages = Arabic Kurdish English (''de facto'') , government_type = Transitional government , legislature = Iraqi Governing Council , title_leader = Administrator , leader1 = Ja ...
, ending the U.S.-led rule of that nation. *
2009 File:2009 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: The vertical stabilizer of Air France Flight 447 is pulled out from the Atlantic Ocean; Barack Obama becomes the first African American to become President of the United States; Protests ...
Honduran president
Manuel Zelaya José Manuel Zelaya Rosales (born 20 September 1952) Encyclopædia BritannicaManuel Zelaya/ref> is a Honduran politician who was President of Honduras from 27 January 2006 until 28 June 2009, and who since January 2022 serves as the first Fi ...
is ousted by a local military coup following a failed request to hold a referendum to rewrite the Honduran Constitution. This was the start of the 2009 Honduran constitutional crisis. * 2016A terrorist attack in Turkey's
Istanbul Atatürk Airport ) , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = 34000 to 34990 , area_code = +90 212 (European side) +90 216 (Asian side) , registration_plate = 34 , blank_name_sec2 = GeoTLD , blank_ ...
kills 42 people and injures more than 230 others.


Births


Pre-1600

* 751Carloman I, king of the
Franks The Franks ( la, Franci or ) were a group of Germanic peoples whose name was first mentioned in 3rd-century Roman sources, and associated with tribes between the Lower Rhine and the Ems River, on the edge of the Roman Empire.H. Schutz: Tools ...
(d. 771) *
1243 Year 1243 ( MCCXLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * March – King Ferdinand III (the Saint) turns the independent Taifa of Murcia ...
Emperor Go-Fukakusa of Japan (d. 1304) * 1444
Charlotte, Queen of Cyprus Charlotte (28 June 1444 – 16 July 1487) was the Queen of Cyprus from 1458 until 1464. She was the eldest and only surviving daughter of King John II of Cyprus and Helena Palaiologina. At the age of 14, she succeeded to the Cypriot throne upon ...
(d. 1487) * 1476
Pope Paul IV Pope Paul IV, born Gian Pietro Carafa, C.R. ( la, Paulus IV; it, Paolo IV; 28 June 1476 – 18 August 1559) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 23 May 1555 to his death in August 1559. While serving as pap ...
(d. 1559) * 1490
Albert of Brandenburg Cardinal Albert of Brandenburg (german: Albrecht von Brandenburg; 28 June 149024 September 1545) was a German cardinal, elector, Archbishop of Mainz from 1514 to 1545, and Archbishop of Magdeburg from 1513 to 1545. Biography Early career ...
, German archbishop (d. 1545) *
1491 Year 1491 ( MCDXCI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * January 2 – Alain I of Albret signs the Treaty of Moulins with Charles VIII of ...
Henry VIII of England Henry VIII (28 June 149128 January 1547) was King of England from 22 April 1509 until his death in 1547. Henry is best known for his six marriages, and for his efforts to have his first marriage (to Catherine of Aragon) annulled. His disa ...
(d. 1547) *
1503 __NOTOC__ Year 1503 ( MDIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * January 20 – Seville in Castile is awarded exclusive rights to trade wit ...
Giovanni della Casa, Italian author and poet (d. 1556) * 1547Cristofano Malvezzi, Italian organist and composer (d. 1599) * 1557
Philip Howard, 20th Earl of Arundel Philip Howard, 13th Earl of Arundel (28 June 155719 October 1595) was an English nobleman. He was canonised by Pope Paul VI in 1970, as one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales. He is variously numbered as 1st, 20th or 13th Earl of Arun ...
, English nobleman (d. 1595) *
1560 Year 1560 ( MDLX) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * January 7 – In the Kingdom of Scotland, French troops commanded by Henri Cleutin ...
Giovanni Paolo Lascaris, Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller (d. 1657) *
1573 Year 1573 ( MDLXXIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * January 25 – Battle of Mikatagahara in Japan: Takeda Shingen defeats Tokugawa I ...
Henry Danvers, 1st Earl of Danby, English noble (d. 1644) * 1577
Peter Paul Rubens Sir Peter Paul Rubens (; ; 28 June 1577 – 30 May 1640) was a Flemish artist and diplomat from the Duchy of Brabant in the Southern Netherlands (modern-day Belgium). He is considered the most influential artist of the Flemish Baroque tradit ...
, Flemish painter and diplomat (d. 1640) * 1582
William Fiennes, 1st Viscount Saye and Sele William Fiennes, 1st Viscount Saye and Sele (28 June 158214 April 1662) was an English nobleman and politician, known also for his involvement in several companies for setting up overseas colonies. Early life He was born at the family home of B ...
, English politician (d. 1662)


1601–1900

*
1604 Events January–June * January 1 – ''The Masque of Indian and China Knights'' is performed by courtiers of James VI and I at Hampton Court. * January 14 – The Hampton Court Conference is held between James I of England, ...
Heinrich Albert, German composer and poet (d. 1651) * 1641Marie Casimire Louise de La Grange d'Arquien, consort to King John III Sobieski (d. 1716) *
1653 Events January–March * January 3 – By the Coonan Cross Oath, the Eastern Church in India cuts itself off from colonial Portuguese tutelage. * January– The Swiss Peasant War begins after magistrates meeting at Luc ...
Muhammad Azam Shah, Mughal emperor (d. 1707) * 1703
John Wesley John Wesley (; 2 March 1791) was an English cleric, theologian, and evangelist who was a leader of a revival movement within the Church of England known as Methodism. The societies he founded became the dominant form of the independent Meth ...
, English cleric and theologian (d. 1791) *
1712 In the Swedish calendar it began as a leap year starting on Monday and remained so until Thursday, February 29. By adding a second leap day (Friday, February 30) Sweden reverted to the Julian calendar and the rest of the year (from Saturda ...
Jean-Jacques Rousseau Jean-Jacques Rousseau (, ; 28 June 1712 – 2 July 1778) was a Genevan philosopher, writer, and composer. His political philosophy influenced the progress of the Age of Enlightenment throughout Europe, as well as aspects of the French Revolu ...
, Swiss philosopher and polymath (d. 1778) *
1719 Events January–March * January 8 – Carolean Death March begins: A catastrophic retreat by a largely-Finnish Swedish- Carolean army under the command of Carl Gustaf Armfeldt across the Tydal mountains in a blizzard kills around 3, ...
Étienne François, duc de Choiseul, French general and politician, Prime Minister of France (d. 1785) *
1734 Events January– March * January 8 – Salzburgers, Lutherans who were expelled by the Roman Catholic Bishop of Salzburg, Austria, in October 1731, set sail for the British Colony of Georgia in America. * February 16 – ...
Jean-Jacques Beauvarlet-Charpentier, French organist and composer (d. 1794) * 1742William Hooper, American physician, lawyer, and politician (d. 1790) *
1824 May 7: The almost completely deaf Beethoven premieres his Ninth Symphony Events January–March * January 8 – After much controversy, Michael Faraday is finally elected as a member of the Royal Society, with only one vote against h ...
Paul Broca, French physician, anatomist, and anthropologist (d. 1880) * 1825Emil Erlenmeyer, German chemist (d. 1909) * 1831Joseph Joachim, Austrian violinist, composer, and conductor (d. 1907) * 1836
Emmanuel Rhoides Emmanuel Rhoides ( gr, Ἐμμανουὴλ Ῥοΐδης; 28 June 1836 – 7 January 1904) was a Greek writer and journalist. Biography Born in Hermoupolis, the capital of the island of Syros, to a family of rich aristocrats from Chios &mdash ...
, Greek journalist and author (d. 1904) *
1844 In the Philippines, it was the only leap year with 365 days, as December 31 was skipped when 1845 began after December 30. Events January–March * January 15 – The University of Notre Dame, based in the city of the same name, receives ...
John Boyle O'Reilly, Irish-born poet, journalist and fiction writer (d. 1890) * 1852Charles Cruft, English showman, founded Crufts Dog Show (d. 1938) * 1867
Luigi Pirandello Luigi Pirandello (; 28 June 1867 – 10 December 1936) was an Italian dramatist, novelist, poet, and short story writer whose greatest contributions were his plays. He was awarded the 1934 Nobel Prize in Literature for "his almost magical power ...
, Italian dramatist, novelist, and poet,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
laureate (d. 1936) * 1873Alexis Carrel, French surgeon and biologist,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
laureate (d. 1944) *
1875 Events January–March * January 1 – The Midland Railway of England abolishes the Second Class passenger category, leaving First Class and Third Class. Other British railway companies follow Midland's lead during the rest of th ...
Henri Lebesgue Henri Léon Lebesgue (; June 28, 1875 – July 26, 1941) was a French mathematician known for his theory of integration, which was a generalization of the 17th-century concept of integration—summing the area between an axis and the curve of ...
, French mathematician and academic (d. 1941) *
1879 Events January–March * January 1 – The Specie Resumption Act takes effect. The United States Note is valued the same as gold, for the first time since the American Civil War. * January 11 – The Anglo-Zulu War begins. * Janu ...
Wilhelm Steinkopf, German chemist (d. 1949) * 1880John Meyers, American swimmer and water polo player (d. 1971) *
1883 Events January–March * January 4 – ''Life'' magazine is founded in Los Angeles, California, United States. * January 10 – A fire at the Newhall Hotel in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States, kills 73 people. * Janua ...
Pierre Laval Pierre Jean Marie Laval (; 28 June 1883 – 15 October 1945) was a French politician. During the Third Republic, he served as Prime Minister of France from 27 January 1931 to 20 February 1932 and 7 June 1935 to 24 January 1936. He again occ ...
, French soldier and politician, 101st Prime Minister of France (d. 1945) * 1884Lamina Sankoh, Sierra Leonean banker and politician (d. 1964) * 1888George Challenor, Barbadian cricketer (d. 1947) * 1888 –
Stefi Geyer Stefi Geyer (June 28, 1888 in Budapest – December 11, 1956 in Zürich) was a Hungarian violinist who was considered one of the leading violinists of her generation. Biography Born in 1888 in Budapest, she was the daughter of Josef Geyer, a p ...
, Hungarian violinist and educator (d. 1956) * 1891
Esther Forbes Esther Louise Forbes (; June 28, 1891 – August 12, 1967) was an American novelist, historian and children's writer who received the Pulitzer Prize and the Newbery Medal. She was the first woman elected to membership in the American Antiquar ...
, American historian and author (d. 1968) * 1891 –
Carl Spaatz Carl Andrew Spaatz (born Spatz; June 28, 1891 – July 14, 1974), nicknamed "Tooey", was an American World War II general. As commander of Strategic Air Forces in Europe in 1944, he successfully pressed for the bombing of the enemy's oil produc ...
, American general (d. 1974) * 1892
Carl Panzram Charles "Carl" Panzram (June 28, 1891 – September 5, 1930) was an American serial killer, spree killer, mass murderer, rapist, child molester, arsonist, robber, thief, and burglar. In prison confessions and in his autobiography, Panzram ...
, American serial killer (d. 1930) * 1893August Zamoyski, Polish-French sculptor (d. 1970) * 1894Jessie Baetz, Canadian-American artist, composer and pianist (d. 1974 or later) * 1894 – Francis Hunter, American tennis player (d. 1981)


1901–present

* 1902
Richard Rodgers Richard Charles Rodgers (June 28, 1902 – December 30, 1979) was an American composer who worked primarily in musical theater. With 43 Broadway musicals and over 900 songs to his credit, Rodgers was one of the most well-known American ...
, American playwright and composer (d. 1979) * 1906Maria Goeppert Mayer, German-American physicist and academic,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
laureate (d. 1972) * 1907Jimmy Mundy, American saxophonist and composer (d. 1983) * 1907 – Yvonne Sylvain, First female Haitian physician (d. 1989) * 1909
Eric Ambler Eric Clifford Ambler OBE (28 June 1909 – 22 October 1998) was an English author of thrillers, in particular spy novels, who introduced a new realism to the genre. Also working as a screenwriter, Ambler used the pseudonym Eliot Reed for bo ...
, English author and screenwriter (d. 1998) *
1912 Events January * January 1 – The Republic of China is established. * January 5 – The Prague Conference (6th All-Russian Conference of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party) opens. * January 6 ** German geophysicist Alfred ...
Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker, German physicist and philosopher (d. 2007) * 1913Franz Antel, Austrian director and producer (d. 2007) * 1913 – George Lloyd, English soldier and composer (d. 1998) * 1913 – Walter Oesau, German colonel and pilot (d. 1944) * 1914Aribert Heim, Austrian SS physician and Nazi war criminal (d. 1992) * 1917A. E. Hotchner, American author and playwright (d. 2020) *
1918 This year is noted for the end of the First World War, on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month, as well as for the Spanish flu pandemic that killed 50–100 million people worldwide. Events Below, the events ...
William Whitelaw, 1st Viscount Whitelaw, Scottish-English politician, Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1999) * 1919Joseph P. Lordi, American government official (d. 1983) *
1920 Events January * January 1 ** Polish–Soviet War in 1920: The Russian Red Army increases its troops along the Polish border from 4 divisions to 20. ** Kauniainen, completely surrounded by the city of Espoo, secedes from Espoo as its own ma ...
Clarissa Eden, Spouse of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 2021) *
1921 Events January * January 2 ** The Association football club Cruzeiro Esporte Clube, from Belo Horizonte, is founded as the multi-sports club Palestra Italia by Italian expatriates in Brazil. ** The Spanish liner ''Santa Isabel'' bre ...
P. V. Narasimha Rao Pamulaparthi Venkata Narasimha Rao (28 June 1921 – 23 December 2004) was an Indian lawyer, statesman and politician who served as the 9th prime minister of India from 1991 to 1996. He is known for introducing various liberal reforms to Indi ...
, Indian lawyer and politician, 9th
Prime Minister of India The prime minister of India (IAST: ) is the head of government of the Republic of India. Executive authority is vested in the prime minister and their chosen Council of Ministers, despite the president of India being the nominal head of the ...
(d. 2004) * 1923Pete Candoli, American trumpet player (d. 2008) * 1923 –
Adolfo Schwelm Cruz Adolfo Carlos Julio Schwelm-Cruz (28 June 1923 – 10 February 2012) was a racing driver from Argentina. He participated in one Formula One World Championship Grand Prix, on 18 January 1953. He scored no championship points. Complete Formula ...
, Argentinian racing driver (d. 2012) * 1923 – Gaye Stewart, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2010) *
1924 Events January * January 12 – Gopinath Saha shoots Ernest Day, whom he has mistaken for Sir Charles Tegart, the police commissioner of Calcutta, and is arrested soon after. * January 20– 30 – Kuomintang in China hold ...
Kalevi Keihänen, Finnish entrepreneur (d. 1995)Nuorteva, Kristiina
Kalevi Keihänen's obituary
''
Helsingin Sanomat ''Helsingin Sanomat'', abbreviated ''HS'' and colloquially known as , is the largest subscription newspaper in Finland and the Nordic countries, owned by Sanoma. Except after certain holidays, it is published daily. Its name derives from that o ...
'' 9 February 1995. Accessed on 13 February 2019.
* 1926George Booth, American cartoonist (d. 2022) * 1926 –
Mel Brooks Mel Brooks (born Melvin James Kaminsky; June 28, 1926) is an American actor, comedian and filmmaker. With a career spanning over seven decades, he is known as a writer and director of a variety of successful broad farces and parodies. He began ...
, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter * 1926 – Robert Ledley, American academic and inventor (d. 2012) * 1927Correlli Barnett, English historian and author * 1927 –
Frank Sherwood Rowland Frank Sherwood "Sherry" Rowland (June 28, 1927 – March 10, 2012) was an American Nobel laureate and a professor of chemistry at the University of California, Irvine. His research was on atmospheric chemistry and chemical kinetics. His best ...
, American chemist and academic,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
laureate (d. 2012) *
1928 Events January * January – British bacteriologist Frederick Griffith reports the results of Griffith's experiment, indirectly proving the existence of DNA. * January 1 – Eastern Bloc emigration and defection: Boris Bazhano ...
Hans Blix, Swedish politician and diplomat, 33rd Swedish Minister of Foreign Affairs * 1928 – Patrick Hemingway, American writer * 1928 – Harold Evans, English-American historian and journalist (d. 2020) * 1928 –
Peter Heine Peter Samuel Heine (28 June 1928 – 4 February 2005) was a South African cricketer who played in fourteen Test matches between 1955 and 1962. On his Test debut, he took five wickets in the first innings against England at Lord's in 1955. Life ...
, South African cricketer (d. 2005) * 1928 –
Cyril Smith Sir Cyril Richard Smith (28 June 1928 – 3 September 2010) was a prominent British politician who after his death was revealed to have been a prolific serial sex offender against children. A member of the Liberal Party, he was Member of ...
, English politician (d. 2010) * 1929
Alfred Miodowicz Alfred Miodowicz (28 June 1929 – 17 September 2021) was a Polish politician and trade union activist. He was born in Poznań. A member of communist Polish United Workers Party, he held posts in the State National Council, Central Committee an ...
, Polish politician (d.2021) * 1930William C. Campbell, Irish-American biologist and parasitologist,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
laureate * 1930 –
Itamar Franco Itamar Augusto Cautiero Franco (; 28 June 19302 July 2011) was a Brazilian politician who served as the 33rd president of Brazil from 29 December 1992 to 31 December 1994. Previously, he was the 21st vice president of Brazil from 1990 until th ...
, Brazilian engineer and politician, 33rd
President of Brazil The president of Brazil ( pt, Presidente do Brasil), officially the president of the Federative Republic of Brazil ( pt, Presidente da República Federativa do Brasil) or simply the ''President of the Republic'', is the head of state and head o ...
(d. 2011) * 1930 –
Jack Gold Jacob M. "Jack" Gold (28 June 1930 – 9 August 2015) was a British film and television director. He was part of the British realist tradition which followed the Free Cinema movement. Career Jacob M. Gold was born in London, the son of Ch ...
, English director and producer (d. 2015) * 1931 – Hans Alfredson, Swedish actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 2017) * 1931 – Junior Johnson, American race car driver (d. 2019) * 1931 – Lucien Victor, Belgian cyclist (d. 1995) *1932 – Pat Morita, American actor (d. 2005) *1933 – Gusty Spence, Northern Irish loyalist and politician (d. 2011) *1934 – Robert Carswell, Baron Carswell, Northern Irish lawyer and judge, Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland * 1934 – Roy Gilchrist, Jamaican cricketer (d. 2001) * 1934 – Bette Greene, American journalist and author (d. 2020) * 1934 – Carl Levin, American lawyer and politician (d.2021) * 1934 – Georges Wolinski, Tunisian-French journalist and cartoonist (d. 2015) *1935 – John Inman, English actor (d. 2007) * 1936 – Chuck Howley, American football player *1937 – George Knudson, Canadian golfer (d. 1989) * 1937 – Fernand Labrie, Canadian endocrinologist and academic (d. 2019) * 1937 – Ron Luciano, American baseball player and umpire (d. 1995) *1938 – John Byner, American actor and comedian * 1938 – Leon Panetta, American lawyer and politician, 23rd United States Secretary of Defense * 1938 – S. Sivamaharajah, Sri Lankan Tamil newspaper publisher and politician (d. 2006) * 1938 – Simon Douglas-Pennant, 7th Baron Penrhyn, British baron *1939 – Klaus Schmiegel, German chemist * 1940 – Karpal Singh, Malaysian lawyer and politician (d. 2014) * 1940 – Muhammad Yunus, Bangladeshi economist and academic, Nobel Peace Prize, Nobel Prize laureate *1941 – Al Downing (baseball), Al Downing, American baseball player and sportscaster * 1941 – Joseph Goguen, American computer scientist and academic, developed the OBJ (programming language), OBJ language (d. 2006) * 1941 – David Johnston, Canadian academic, lawyer, and politician, 28th Governor General of Canada * 1942 – Chris Hani, South African politician (d. 1993) * 1942 – Hans-Joachim Walde, German decathlete (d. 2013) * 1942 – Frank Zane, American professional bodybuilder and author *1943 – Jens Birkemose, Danish painter * 1943 – Donald Johanson, American paleontologist and academic * 1943 – Klaus von Klitzing, German physicist and academic,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
laureate * 1945 – Ken Buchanan, Scottish boxer * 1945 – David Knights, English bass player and producer * 1945 – Raul Seixas, Brazilian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (d. 1989) * 1945 – Türkan Şoray, Turkish actress, director, and screenwriter *1946 – Robert Asprin, American soldier and author (d. 2008) * 1946 – Bruce Davison, American actor and director * 1946 – David Duckham, English rugby player * 1946 – Robert Xavier Rodriguez, Robert Xavier Rodríguez, American classical composer * 1946 – Jaime Guzmán, Chilean lawyer and politician (d. 1991) * 1946 – Gilda Radner, American actress and comedian (d. 1989) *1947 – Mark Helprin, American novelist and journalist * 1947 – Laura Tyson, American economist and academic * 1948 – Kathy Bates, American actress * 1948 – Sergei Bodrov, Russian-American director, producer, and screenwriter * 1948 – Deborah Moggach, English author and screenwriter * 1948 – Daniel Wegner, Canadian-American psychologist and academic (d. 2013) *1949 – Don Baylor, American baseball player and coach (d. 2017) * 1950 – Philip Fowke, English pianist and educator * 1950 – Mauricio Rojas, Chilean-Swedish economist and politician * 1950 – Chris Speier, American baseball player and coach *1951 – Mick Cronin (rugby league), Mick Cronin, Australian rugby league player and coach * 1951 – Mark Shand, English conservationist and author (d. 2014) * 1951 – Lalla Ward, English actress and author *1952 – Enis Batur, Turkish poet and author * 1952 – Pietro Mennea, Italian sprinter and politician (d. 2013) * 1952 – Jean-Christophe Rufin, French physician and author *1954 – A. A. Gill, Scottish author and critic (d. 2016) * 1954 – Alice Krige, South African actress * 1955 – Shirley Cheriton, British actress *
1956 Events January * January 1 – The Anglo-Egyptian Condominium ends in Sudan. * January 8 – Operation Auca: Five U.S. evangelical Christian missionaries, Nate Saint, Roger Youderian, Ed McCully, Jim Elliot and Pete Fleming, are kille ...
– Amira Hass, Israeli journalist and author * 1956 – Noel Mugavin, Australian footballer and coach *1957 – Lance Nethery, Canadian ice hockey player and coach * 1957 – Georgi Parvanov, Bulgarian historian and politician, 4th President of Bulgaria * 1957 – Mike Skinner (racing driver), Mike Skinner, American race car driver * 1957 – Jim Spanarkel, American basketball player and sportscaster *1958 – Donna Edwards, American lawyer and politician * 1958 – Félix Gray, Tunisian-French singer-songwriter *1959 – Clint Boon, English singer and keyboard player * 1959 – John Shelley (illustrator), John Shelley, British illustrator *1960 – John Elway, American football player and manager * 1960 – Roland Melanson, Canadian ice hockey player and coach *1961 – Jeff Malone, American basketball player and coach *1962 – Anișoara Cușmir-Stanciu, Romanian long jumper * 1962 – Artur Hajzer, Polish mountaineer (d. 2013) * 1962 – Ann-Louise Skoglund, Swedish hurdler *1963 – Peter Baynham, Welsh actor, producer, and screenwriter * 1963 – Charlie Clouser, American keyboard player, songwriter, and producer * 1964 – Christina Ashcroft, Canadian sport shooter * 1964 – Mark Grace, American baseball player and sportscaster * 1964 – Bernie McCahill, New Zealand rugby player * 1964 – Dan Stains, Australian rugby league player and coach * 1964 – Steve Williamson, English saxophonist and composer *1965 – Jessica Hecht, American actress * 1965 – Tiaan Strauss, South African rugby player *1966 – Peeter Allik, Estonian painter and illustrator (d. 2019) * 1966 – Bobby Bare Jr., American singer-songwriter and guitarist * 1966 – John Cusack, American actor and screenwriter * 1966 – Mary Stuart Masterson, American actress *1967 – Leona Aglukkaq, Canadian politician, 7th Minister of Health (Canada), Canadian Minister of Health * 1967 – Gil Bellows, Canadian actor and producer * 1967 – Zhong Huandi, Chinese runner * 1967 – Lars Riedel, German discus thrower *1968 – Chayanne, Puerto Rican-American singer-songwriter and actor *
1969 This year is notable for Apollo 11's first landing on the moon. Events January * January 4 – The Government of Spain hands over Ifni to Morocco. * January 5 **Ariana Afghan Airlines Flight 701 crashes into a house on its approach to ...
– Tichina Arnold, American actress and singer * 1969 – Stéphane Chapuisat, Swiss footballer * 1969 – Fabrizio Mori, Italian hurdler *1970 – Mushtaq Ahmed (cricketer), Mushtaq Ahmed, Pakistani cricketer and coach * 1970 – Tom Merritt, American journalist * 1970 – Mike White (filmmaker), Mike White, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter *1971 – Lorenzo Amoruso, Italian footballer * 1971 – Fabien Barthez, French footballer * 1971 – Bobby Hurley, American basketball player and coach * 1971 – Ron Mahay, American baseball player and scout * 1971 – Elon Musk, South African-born American entrepreneur * 1971 – Aileen Quinn, American actress and singer *1972 – Ngô Bảo Châu, Vietnamese-French mathematician and academic * 1972 – Chris Leslie, English politician, Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer * 1972 – Geeta Tripathee, Nepali poet, lyricist and literary critic * 1972 – Alessandro Nivola, American actor * 1973 – Adrián Annus, Hungarian hammer thrower * 1973 – Corey Koskie, Canadian baseball player *1974 – Rob Dyrdek, American skateboarder, entrepreneur, and reality television star *1975 – Jon Nödtveidt, Swedish singer-songwriter, and guitarist (d. 2006) * 1976 – Shinobu Asagoe, Japanese tennis player * 1976 – Seth Wescott, American snowboarder *1977 – Chris Spurling, American baseball player * 1977 – Mark Stoermer, American bass player, songwriter, and producer * 1977 – Harun Tekin, Turkish singer and guitarist *
1978 Events January * January 1 – Air India Flight 855, a Boeing 747 passenger jet, crashes off the coast of Bombay, killing 213. * January 5 – Bülent Ecevit, of CHP, forms the new government of Turkey (42nd government). * January 6 ...
– Simon Larose, Canadian tennis player *1979 – Randy McMichael, American football player * 1979 – Florian Zeller, French author and playwright *1980 – Jevgeni Novikov, Estonian footballer * 1981 – Savage (rapper), Savage, New Zealand rapper * 1981 – Michael Crafter, Australian singer-songwriter * 1981 – Guillermo Martínez (athlete), Guillermo Martínez, Cuban javelin thrower * 1981 – Brandon Phillips, American baseball player *
1982 Events January * January 1 – In Malaysia and Singapore, clocks are adjusted to the same time zone, UTC+8 (GMT+8.00). * January 13 – Air Florida Flight 90 crashes shortly after takeoff into the 14th Street Bridge in Washington, D.C ...
– Ibrahim Camejo, Cuban long jumper *1985 – Phil Bardsley, English footballer * 1985 – Colt Hynes, American baseball player *1986 – Kellie Pickler, American singer-songwriter * 1987 – Sonata Tamošaitytė, Lithuanian hurdler * 1987 – Terrence Williams, American basketball player *
1989 File:1989 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Cypress Street Viaduct, Cypress structure collapses as a result of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, killing motorists below; The proposal document for the World Wide Web is submitted; The Exxo ...
– Jason Clark (rugby league), Jason Clark, Australian rugby league player * 1989 – Andrew Fifita, Australian rugby league player * 1989 – David Fifita (rugby league, born 1989), David Fifita, Australian rugby league player * 1989 – Julia Zlobina, Russian-Azerbaijani figure skater * 1989 – Markiplier, American internet personality * 1989 – Nicole Rottmann, Austrian tennis player *1991 – Seohyun, South Korean singer, dancer, and actress * 1991 – Kevin De Bruyne, Belgian footballer * 1991 – Kang Min-hyuk, South Korean singer, drummer, and actor *1992 – Oscar Hiljemark, Swedish footballer * 1992 – Elaine Thompson, Jamaican sprinter *1993 – Bradley Beal, American basketball player *1994 – Hussein, Crown Prince of Jordan *1996 – Donna Vekić, Croatian tennis player * 1996 – Larissa Werbicki, Canadian rower *
1997 File:1997 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The movie set of ''Titanic'', the highest-grossing movie in history at the time; '' Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone'', is published; Comet Hale-Bopp passes by Earth and becomes one of ...
– Tadasuke Makino, Japanese racing driver *1999 – Markéta Vondroušová, Czech tennis player *2002 – Marta Kostyuk, Ukrainian tennis player


Deaths


Pre-1600

* 202 – Yuan Shao, Chinese warlord * 548 – Theodora (6th century), Theodora I, Byzantine empress * 572 – Alboin, King of the Lombards * 683 – Pope Leo II, Leo II, pope of the Catholic Church (b. 611) *AD 767, 767 – Pope Paul I, Paul I, pope of the Catholic Church (b. 700) * 975 – Cyneweard of Glastonbury, Cyneweard, bishop of Wells *1031 – Taira no Tadatsune, Japanese governor *1061 – Floris I, Count of Holland, Floris I, count of Holland *1175 – Andrey Bogolyubsky, Russian Grand Prince (b. 1111) *1189 – Matilda of England, Duchess of Saxony, (b. 1156) *1194 – Emperor Xiaozong of Song, Xiao Zong, Chinese emperor (b. 1127) *1385 – Andronikos IV Palaiologos, Andronikos IV, Byzantine emperor (b. 1348) *1497 – James Tuchet, 7th Baron Audley, English rebel leader (b. c. 1463) *
1575 __NOTOC__ Year 1575 ( MDLXXV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * January 21 – Queen Elizabeth I of England grants a monopoly on producin ...
– Yonekura Shigetsugu, Japanese samurai *1586 – Primož Trubar, Slovenian author and reformer (b. 1508) *1598 – Abraham Ortelius, Flemish cartographer and geographer (b. 1527)


1601–1900

*1607 – Domenico Fontana, Italian architect (b. 1543) *1716 – George FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Northumberland, English general and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Berkshire (b. 1665) *1757 – Sophia Dorothea of Hanover, queen consort of Frederick William I (b. 1687) *1798 – John Henry Colclough, Irish revolutionary (b. c. 1769) *1813 – Gerhard von Scharnhorst, Prussian general and politician, Prussian Minister of War (b. 1755) *1834 – Joseph Bové, Russian architect, designed the Triumphal Arch of Moscow (b. 1784) * 1836 – James Madison, American academic and politician, 4th President of the United States (b. 1751) * 1880 – Texas Jack Omohundro, American soldier and hunter (b. 1846) * 1881 – Jules Armand Dufaure, French politician, 33rd Prime Minister of France (b. 1798) *1889 – Maria Mitchell, American astronomer and academic (b. 1818) * 1892 – Alexandros Rizos Rangavis, Greek poet and politician, List of foreign ministers of Greece, Greek Foreign Minister (b. 1810)


1901–present

* 1913 – Manuel Ferraz de Campos Sales, Brazilian lawyer and politician, 4th
President of Brazil The president of Brazil ( pt, Presidente do Brasil), officially the president of the Federative Republic of Brazil ( pt, Presidente da República Federativa do Brasil) or simply the ''President of the Republic'', is the head of state and head o ...
(b. 1841) * 1914
Sophie Sophie is a version of the female given name Sophia, meaning "wise". People with the name Born in the Middle Ages * Sophie, Countess of Bar (c. 1004 or 1018–1093), sovereign Countess of Bar and lady of Mousson * Sophie of Thuringia, Duchess o ...
, duchess of Hohenberg (b. 1868) * 1914 – Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, Franz Ferdinand, archduke of Austria (b. 1863) *1915 – Victor Trumper, Australian cricketer (b. 1877) * 1917 – Ștefan Luchian, Romanian painter and educator (b. 1868) *
1922 Events January * January 7 – Dáil Éireann (Irish Republic), Dáil Éireann, the parliament of the Irish Republic, ratifies the Anglo-Irish Treaty by 64–57 votes. * January 10 – Arthur Griffith is elected President of Dáil Éirean ...
– Velimir Khlebnikov, Russian poet and playwright (b. 1885) *1925 – Georgina Febres-Cordero, Venezuelan nun (b. 1861) *1925 – Henry C. Berghoff, German-American politician (b. 1856) * 1929 – Edward Carpenter, English poet and philosopher (b. 1844) * 1936 – Alexander Berkman, American author and activist (d. 1870) *1939 – Douglas H. Johnston, governor of the Chickasaw Nation (b. 1856) * 1940 – Italo Balbo, Italian air marshal and politician (b. 1896) *1944 – Friedrich Dollmann, German general (b. 1882) * 1945 – Yunus Nadi Abalıoğlu, Turkish journalist (b. 1879) *1947 – Stanislav Kostka Neumann, Czech writer, poet and journalist (b. 1875) *1960 – Jake Swirbul, American businessman, co-founded the Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation (b. 1898) *1962 – Mickey Cochrane, American baseball player and manager (b. 1903) * 1962 – Cy Morgan, American baseball player (b. 1878) *1965 – Red Nichols, American cornet player, bandleader, and composer (b. 1905) *1966 – Mehmet Fuat Köprülü, Turkish historian and politician, 21st Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey (b. 1890) *1971 – Franz Stangl, Austrian SS officer (b. 1908) *1974 – Vannevar Bush, American engineer and academic (b. 1890) *1975 – Constantinos Apostolou Doxiadis, Greek architect (b. 1913) * 1975 – Rod Serling, American screenwriter and producer (b. 1924) *
1978 Events January * January 1 – Air India Flight 855, a Boeing 747 passenger jet, crashes off the coast of Bombay, killing 213. * January 5 – Bülent Ecevit, of CHP, forms the new government of Turkey (42nd government). * January 6 ...
– Clifford Dupont, English-Rhodesian lawyer and politician, 1st President of Rhodesia (b. 1905) *1980 – José Iturbi, Spanish pianist and conductor (b. 1895) * 1981 – Terry Fox, Canadian runner and activist (b. 1958) *1983 – Alf Francis, German-English motor racing mechanic and racing car constructor (b. 1918) *1984 – Yigael Yadin, Israeli archaeologist, general, and politician (b. 1917) *1985 – Lynd Ward, American author and illustrator (b. 1905) *
1989 File:1989 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Cypress Street Viaduct, Cypress structure collapses as a result of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, killing motorists below; The proposal document for the World Wide Web is submitted; The Exxo ...
– Joris Ivens, Dutch journalist, director, and producer (b. 1898) *1992 – Guy Nève, Belgian racing driver (b. 1955) * 1992 – Mikhail Tal, Latvian chess player (b. 1936) *1995 – Petri Walli, Finnish singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (b. 1969) *1999 – Vere Bird, first Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda (b. 1910) *2000 – Nils Poppe, Swedish actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1908) *
2001 The September 11 attacks against the United States by Al-Qaeda, which killed 2,977 people and instigated the global war on terror, were a defining event of 2001. The United States led a multi-national coalition in an invasion of Afghanist ...
– Mortimer J. Adler, American philosopher and author (b. 1902) *2003 – Joan Lowery Nixon, American journalist and author (b. 1927) *
2004 2004 was designated as an International Year of Rice by the United Nations, and the International Year to Commemorate the Struggle Against Slavery and its Abolition (by UNESCO). Events January * January 3 – Flash Airlines Flight ...
– Anthony Buckeridge, English author (b. 1912) *2005 – Brenda Howard, American activist (b. 1946) * 2005 – Michael P. Murphy, American lieutenant, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1976) *2006 – Jim Baen, American publisher, founded Baen Books (b. 1943) * 2006 – Peter Rawlinson, Baron Rawlinson of Ewell, English lawyer and politician, Attorney General for England and Wales (b. 1919) * 2006 – George Unwin, English pilot and commander (b. 1913) *2007 – Eugene B. Fluckey, American admiral, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1913) * 2007 – Kiichi Miyazawa, Japanese lawyer and politician, 78th Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1919) *
2009 File:2009 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: The vertical stabilizer of Air France Flight 447 is pulled out from the Atlantic Ocean; Barack Obama becomes the first African American to become President of the United States; Protests ...
– A. K. Lohithadas, Indian director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1955) * 2009 – Billy Mays, American TV personality (b. 1958) *2010 – Robert Byrd, American lawyer and politician (b. 1917) *2012 – Richard Isay, American psychiatrist and author (b. 1934) * 2012 – Leontine T. Kelly, American bishop (b. 1920) * 2012 – Robert Sabatier, French author and poet (b. 1923) * 2012 – Doris Sams, American baseball player (b. 1927) *2013 – Ted Hood, American sailor and architect (b. 1927) * 2013 – Tamás Katona, Hungarian historian and politician (b. 1932) * 2013 – Kenneth Minogue, New Zealand-Australian political scientist and academic (b. 1930) * 2013 – F. D. Reeve, American author and academic (b. 1928) * 2013 – David Rubitsky, American sergeant (b. 1917) *2014 – Seymour Barab, American cellist and composer (b. 1921) * 2014 – Jim Brosnan, American baseball player (b. 1929) * 2014 – On Kawara, Japanese painter (b. 1933) * 2014 – Meshach Taylor, American actor (b. 1947) *2015 – Jack Carter (comedian), Jack Carter, American actor and comedian (b. 1922) * 2015 – Jope Seniloli, Fijian politician, Vice-President of Fiji (b. 1939) * 2015 – Wally Stanowski, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1919) * 2016 – Scotty Moore, American guitarist (b. 1931) * 2016 – Pat Summitt, American women's college basketball head coach (b. 1952) * 2016 – Buddy Ryan, American football coach (b. 1931) *2018 – Harlan Ellison, American writer (b. 1934)


Holidays and observances

*Christian feast day: **Basilides and Potamiana **Irenaeus, Irenaeus of Lyon (Western Christianity) **Heimerad **Beatification, Blessed Maria Pia Mastena **Saint Paulus I, Paulus I **Vincenza Gerosa **June 28 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) *Constitution Day (Ukraine) *Poznań Remembrance Day (Poland) *Vidovdan, celebrating St. Vitus and an important day in Serbian history. (Eastern Orthodox Church)


References


External links

* * * * {{DEFAULTSORT:June 28 Days of the year June