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Pre-1600

*
1312 BC 131 may refer to: *131 (number) *AD 131 *131 BC *131 (album), the album by Emarosa *131 (MBTA bus) The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority bus division operates bus routes in the Boston, Massachusetts metropolitan area. All routes connec ...
Mursili II launches a campaign against the Kingdom of Azzi-Hayasa. * 109 – Roman emperor
Trajan Trajan ( ; la, Caesar Nerva Traianus; 18 September 539/11 August 117) was Roman emperor from 98 to 117. Officially declared ''optimus princeps'' ("best ruler") by the senate, Trajan is remembered as a successful soldier-emperor who presi ...
inaugurates the Aqua Traiana, an aqueduct that channels water from Lake Bracciano, northwest of
Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus ( legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...
. *
474 __NOTOC__ Year 474 ( CDLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Leo without colleague (or, less frequently, year 1227 ...
Julius Nepos forces Roman usurper Glycerius to abdicate the throne and proclaims himself Emperor of the
Western Roman Empire The Western Roman Empire comprised the western provinces of the Roman Empire at any time during which they were administered by a separate independent Imperial court; in particular, this term is used in historiography to describe the period ...
. *
637 __NOTOC__ Year 637 ( DCXXXVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 637 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calenda ...
– The Battle of Moira is fought between the
High King of Ireland High King of Ireland ( ga, Ardrí na hÉireann ) was a royal title in Gaelic Ireland held by those who had, or who are claimed to have had, lordship over all of Ireland. The title was held by historical kings and later sometimes assigned an ...
and the Kings of
Ulster Ulster (; ga, Ulaidh or ''Cúige Uladh'' ; sco, label= Ulster Scots, Ulstèr or ''Ulster'') is one of the four traditional Irish provinces. It is made up of nine counties: six of these constitute Northern Ireland (a part of the United Kin ...
and
Dál Riata Dál Riata or Dál Riada (also Dalriada) () was a Gaelic kingdom that encompassed the western seaboard of Scotland and north-eastern Ireland, on each side of the North Channel. At its height in the 6th and 7th centuries, it covered what is n ...
. It is claimed to be the largest battle in the history of Ireland. * 843 – The Vikings sack the French city of
Nantes Nantes (, , ; Gallo: or ; ) is a city in Loire-Atlantique on the Loire, from the Atlantic coast. The city is the sixth largest in France, with a population of 314,138 in Nantes proper and a metropolitan area of nearly 1 million inhabita ...
. * 972
Battle of Cedynia In the Battle of Cedynia or Zehden, an army of Mieszko I of Poland defeated forces of Hodo or Odo I of Lusatia on 24 June 972, near the Oder river. Whether or not the battle actually took place near the modern-day town of Cedynia is disputed i ...
, the first documented victory of Polish forces, takes place. * 1128Battle of São Mamede, near
Guimarães Guimarães () is a city and municipality located in northern Portugal, in the district of Braga. Its historic town centre has been listed as a UNESCWorld Heritage Sitesince 2001, in recognition for being an "exceptionally well-preserved and ...
: Forces led by Afonso I defeat forces led by his mother Teresa of León and her lover Fernando Pérez de Traba. *
1230 Year 1230 ( MCCXXX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * March 9 – Battle of Klokotnitsa: Byzantine forces under Theodore Komn ...
– The Siege of Jaén begins, in the context of the Spanish Reconquista. *
1314 Events * March 18 – Jacques de Molay, the 23rd and last Grand Master of the Knights Templar, is burned at the stake in Paris, France. * April 4 – Exeter College, Oxford is founded in England by Walter de Stapledon, Bishop of Ex ...
First War of Scottish Independence The First War of Scottish Independence was the first of a series of wars between English and Scottish forces. It lasted from the English invasion of Scotland in 1296 until the ''de jure'' restoration of Scottish independence with the Treaty ...
: The
Battle of Bannockburn The Battle of Bannockburn ( gd, Blàr Allt nam Bànag or ) fought on June 23–24, 1314, was a victory of the army of King of Scots Robert the Bruce over the army of King Edward II of England in the First War of Scottish Independence. It wa ...
concludes with a decisive victory by Scottish forces led by
Robert the Bruce Robert I (11 July 1274 – 7 June 1329), popularly known as Robert the Bruce (Scottish Gaelic: ''Raibeart an Bruis''), was King of Scots from 1306 to his death in 1329. One of the most renowned warriors of his generation, Robert eventuall ...
. *
1340 Year 1340 ( MCCCXL) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events * January 26 – King Edward III of England is declared King of France. * April 8 – Marinid galleys, un ...
Hundred Years' War The Hundred Years' War (; 1337–1453) was a series of armed conflicts between the kingdoms of England and France during the Late Middle Ages. It originated from disputed claims to the French throne between the English House of Plantagen ...
: Battle of Sluys: The French fleet is almost completely destroyed by the English fleet commanded in person by King
Edward III Edward III (13 November 1312 – 21 June 1377), also known as Edward of Windsor before his accession, was King of England and Lord of Ireland from January 1327 until his death in 1377. He is noted for his military success and for restoring r ...
. *
1374 Year 1374 ( MCCCLXXIV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * April 23 – In recognition of his services, Edward III of England grants the Eng ...
– A sudden outbreak of St. John's Dance causes people in the streets of
Aachen Aachen ( ; ; Aachen dialect: ''Oche'' ; French and traditional English: Aix-la-Chapelle; or ''Aquisgranum''; nl, Aken ; Polish: Akwizgran) is, with around 249,000 inhabitants, the 13th-largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia, and the 28th ...
, Germany, to experience
hallucination A hallucination is a perception in the absence of an external stimulus that has the qualities of a real perception. Hallucinations are vivid, substantial, and are perceived to be located in external objective space. Hallucination is a combinati ...
s and begin to jump and twitch uncontrollably until they collapse from exhaustion. *
1497 Year 1497 ( MCDXCVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * February 7 ( Shrove Tuesday) – Followers of Girolamo Savonarola burn thousands ...
John Cabot John Cabot ( it, Giovanni Caboto ; 1450 – 1500) was an Italian navigator and explorer. His 1497 voyage to the coast of North America under the commission of Henry VII of England is the earliest-known European exploration of coastal Nor ...
lands in North America at
Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador (; french: Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador; frequently abbreviated as NL) is the easternmost province of Canada, in the country's Atlantic region. The province comprises the island of Newfoundland and the continental region ...
leading the first European exploration of the region since the
Vikings Vikings ; non, víkingr is the modern name given to seafaring people originally from Scandinavia (present-day Denmark, Norway and Sweden), who from the late 8th to the late 11th centuries raided, pirated, traded and se ...
. * 1509
Henry VIII Henry VIII (28 June 149128 January 1547) was King of England from 22 April 1509 until his death in 1547. Henry is best known for his six marriages, and for his efforts to have his first marriage (to Catherine of Aragon) annulled. His disa ...
and
Catherine of Aragon Catherine of Aragon (also spelt as Katherine, ; 16 December 1485 – 7 January 1536) was Queen of England as the first wife of King Henry VIII from their marriage on 11 June 1509 until their annulment on 23 May 1533. She was previously ...
are crowned King and Queen of England. *
1535 __NOTOC__ Year 1535 ( MDXXXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * January 18 – Lima, Peru, is founded by Francisco Pizarro, as ''Ciudad de l ...
– The
Anabaptist Anabaptism (from Neo-Latin , from the Greek : 're-' and 'baptism', german: Täufer, earlier also )Since the middle of the 20th century, the German-speaking world no longer uses the term (translation: "Re-baptizers"), considering it biased. ...
state of
Münster Münster (; nds, Mönster) is an independent city (''Kreisfreie Stadt'') in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is in the northern part of the state and is considered to be the cultural centre of the Westphalia region. It is also a state di ...
is conquered and disbanded. *
1540 Year 1540 ( MDXL) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * January 6 – King Henry VIII marries Anne of Cleves, his fourth Queen consort; the m ...
– English King
Henry VIII Henry VIII (28 June 149128 January 1547) was King of England from 22 April 1509 until his death in 1547. Henry is best known for his six marriages, and for his efforts to have his first marriage (to Catherine of Aragon) annulled. His disa ...
commands his fourth wife,
Anne of Cleves Anne of Cleves (german: Anna von Kleve; 1515 – 16 July 1557) was Queen of England from 6 January to 12 July 1540 as the fourth wife of King Henry VIII. Not much is known about Anne before 1527, when she became betrothed to Francis, Duke of ...
, to leave the court. * 1571
Miguel López de Legazpi Miguel López de Legazpi (12 June 1502 – 20 August 1572), also known as '' El Adelantado'' and ''El Viejo'' (The Elder), was a Spaniard who, from the age of 26, lived and built a career in Mexico (then the Viceroyalty of New Spain) and, ...
founds
Manila Manila ( , ; fil, Maynila, ), officially the City of Manila ( fil, Lungsod ng Maynila, ), is the capital of the Philippines, and its second-most populous city. It is highly urbanized and, as of 2019, was the world's most densely populated ...
, the capital of the
Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...
. * 1593 – The Dutch city of Geertruidenberg held by the Spanish, capitulates to a besieging Dutch and English army led by Maurice of Nassau.


1601–1900

*
1604 Events January–June * January 1 – ''The Masque of Indian and China Knights'' is performed by courtiers of James VI and I at Hampton Court. * January 14 – The Hampton Court Conference is held between James I of England, ...
Samuel de Champlain Samuel de Champlain (; Fichier OrigineFor a detailed analysis of his baptismal record, see RitchThe baptism act does not contain information about the age of Samuel, neither his birth date nor his place of birth. – 25 December 1635) was a Fr ...
discovers the mouth of the Saint John River, site of
Reversing Falls The Reversing Falls are a series of rapids on the Saint John River located in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada, where the river runs through a narrow gorge before emptying into the Bay of Fundy. The semidiurnal tides of the bay force the flow ...
and the present-day city of
Saint John, New Brunswick Saint John is a seaport city of the Atlantic Ocean located on the Bay of Fundy in the province of New Brunswick, Canada. Saint John is the oldest incorporated city in Canada, established by royal charter on May 18, 1785, during the reign of ...
, Canada. * 1622
Battle of Macau The Battle of Macau in 1622 was a conflict of the Dutch–Portuguese War fought in the Portuguese settlement of Macau, in southeastern China. The Portuguese, outnumbered and without adequate fortification, managed to repel the Dutch in a much-ce ...
: The Dutch make a failed attempt to capture
Macau Macau or Macao (; ; ; ), officially the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (MSAR), is a city and special administrative region of China in the western Pearl River Delta by the South China Sea. With a pop ...
. * 1663 – The Spanish garrison of
Évora Évora ( , ) is a city and a municipality in Portugal. It has 53,591 inhabitants (2021), in an area of 1307.08 km2. It is the historic capital of the Alentejo and serves as the seat of the Évora District. Due to its well-preserved old ...
capitulates, following the Portuguese victory at the Battle of Ameixial. *
1717 Events January–March * January 1 – Count Carl Gyllenborg, the Swedish ambassador to the Kingdom of Great Britain, is arrested in London over a plot to assist the Pretender to the British throne, James Francis Edward Stuart. * J ...
– The
Premier Grand Lodge of England The organisation now known as the Premier Grand Lodge of England was founded on 24 June 1717 as the Grand Lodge of London and Westminster. Originally concerned with the practice of Freemasonry in London and Westminster, it soon became known as ...
is founded in London, the first
Masonic Freemasonry or Masonry refers to fraternal organisations that trace their origins to the local guilds of stonemasons that, from the end of the 13th century, regulated the qualifications of stonemasons and their interaction with authorities ...
Grand Lodge in the world (now the
United Grand Lodge of England The United Grand Lodge of England (UGLE) is the governing Masonic lodge for the majority of freemasons in England, Wales and the Commonwealth of Nations. Claiming descent from the Masonic grand lodge formed 24 June 1717 at the Goose & Gridiron ...
). *
1762 Events January–March * January 4 – Britain enters the Seven Years' War against Spain and Naples. * January 5 – Empress Elisabeth of Russia dies, and is succeeded by her nephew Peter III. Peter, an admirer of Frederick ...
Battle of Wilhelmsthal: The British-Hanoverian army of Ferdinand of Brunswick defeats French forces in Westphalia. * 1779
American Revolutionary War The American Revolutionary War (April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783), also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, was a major war of the American Revolution. Widely considered as the war that secured the independence of t ...
: The
Great Siege of Gibraltar The Great Siege of Gibraltar was an unsuccessful attempt by Spain and France to capture Gibraltar from the British during the War of the American Revolution. It was the largest battle in the war by number of combatants. The American war had e ...
begins. * 1793 – The first Republican constitution in France is adopted. *
1812 Events January–March * January 1 – The ''Allgemeines bürgerliches Gesetzbuch'' (the Austrian civil code) enters into force in the Austrian Empire. * January 19 – Peninsular War: The French-held fortress of Ciudad Rodrigo is st ...
Napoleonic Wars The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) were a series of major global conflicts pitting the French Empire and its allies, led by Napoleon I, against a fluctuating array of European states formed into various coalitions. It produced a period of Fre ...
: Napoleon's
Grande Armée ''La Grande Armée'' (; ) was the main military component of the French Imperial Army commanded by Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte during the Napoleonic Wars. From 1804 to 1808, it won a series of military victories that allowed the French Em ...
crosses the
Neman The Neman, Nioman, Nemunas or MemelTo bankside nations of the present: Lithuanian: be, Нёман, , ; russian: Неман, ''Neman''; past: ger, Memel (where touching Prussia only, otherwise Nieman); lv, Nemuna; et, Neemen; pl, Niemen; ; ...
river beginning the
invasion An invasion is a military offensive in which large numbers of combatants of one geopolitical entity aggressively enter territory owned by another such entity, generally with the objective of either: conquering; liberating or re-establishing ...
of Russia. * 1813Battle of Beaver Dams: A British and Indian combined force defeats the United States Army. * 1821
Battle of Carabobo The Battle of Carabobo, on 24 June 1821, was fought between independence fighters, led by Venezuelan General Simón Bolívar, and the Royalist forces, led by Spanish Field Marshal Miguel de la Torre. Bolívar's decisive victory at Carabobo le ...
: Decisive battle in the war of independence of
Venezuela Venezuela (; ), officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela ( es, link=no, República Bolivariana de Venezuela), is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many islands and islets in th ...
from Spain. * 1859
Battle of Solferino The Battle of Solferino (referred to in Italy as the Battle of Solferino and San Martino) on 24 June 1859 resulted in the victory of the allied Second French Empire, French Army under Napoleon III and Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia, Piedmont-Sard ...
(Battle of the Three Sovereigns):
Sardinia Sardinia ( ; it, Sardegna, label=Italian, Corsican and Tabarchino ; sc, Sardigna , sdc, Sardhigna; french: Sardaigne; sdn, Saldigna; ca, Sardenya, label= Algherese and Catalan) is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, aft ...
and France defeat Austria in
Solferino Solferino ( Upper Mantovano: ) is a small town and municipality in the province of Mantua, Lombardy, northern Italy, approximately south of Lake Garda. It is best known as being close to the site of the Battle of Solferino on 24 June 1859, par ...
, northern Italy. * 1866Battle of Custoza: An
Austrian Austrian may refer to: * Austrians, someone from Austria or of Austrian descent ** Someone who is considered an Austrian citizen, see Austrian nationality law * Austrian German dialect * Something associated with the country Austria, for example: ...
army defeats the Italian army during the
Austro-Prussian War The Austro-Prussian War, also by many variant names such as Seven Weeks' War, German Civil War, Brothers War or Fraternal War, known in Germany as ("German War"), (; "German war of brothers") and by a variety of other names, was fought in 186 ...
. * 1880 – First performance of ''
O Canada "O Canada" (french: Ô Canada, italic=no) is the national anthem of Canada. The song was originally commissioned by Lieutenant Governor of Quebec Théodore Robitaille for the 1880 Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day ceremony; Calixa Lavallée composed the ...
'' at the Congrès national des Canadiens-Français. The song would later become the
national anthem A national anthem is a patriotic musical composition symbolizing and evoking eulogies of the history and traditions of a country or nation. The majority of national anthems are marches or hymns in style. American, Central Asian, and Europea ...
of Canada. * 1894
Marie François Sadi Carnot Marie François Sadi Carnot (; 11 August 1837 – 25 June 1894) was a French statesman, who served as the President of France from 1887 until his assassination in 1894. Early life Marie François Sadi Carnot was the son of the statesman Hippo ...
, President of France, is assassinated by Sante Geronimo Caserio.


1901–present

* 1913 – Greece and
Serbia Serbia (, ; Serbian: , , ), officially the Republic of Serbia ( Serbian: , , ), is a landlocked country in Southeastern and Central Europe, situated at the crossroads of the Pannonian Basin and the Balkans. It shares land borders with Hu ...
annul their alliance with
Bulgaria Bulgaria (; bg, България, Bǎlgariya), officially the Republic of Bulgaria,, ) is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern flank of the Balkans, and is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Macedo ...
. * 1916
Mary Pickford Gladys Marie Smith (April 8, 1892 – May 29, 1979), known professionally as Mary Pickford, was a Canadian-American stage and screen actress and producer with a career that spanned five decades. A pioneer in the US film industry, she co-founde ...
becomes the first female film star to sign a million-dollar contract. *
1918 This year is noted for the end of the First World War, on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month, as well as for the Spanish flu pandemic that killed 50–100 million people worldwide. Events Below, the events ...
– First airmail service in Canada from
Montreal Montreal ( ; officially Montréal, ) is the second-most populous city in Canada and most populous city in the Canadian province of Quebec. Founded in 1642 as '' Ville-Marie'', or "City of Mary", it is named after Mount Royal, the triple- ...
to
Toronto Toronto ( ; or ) is the capital city of the Canadian province of Ontario. With a recorded population of 2,794,356 in 2021, it is the most populous city in Canada and the fourth most populous city in North America. The city is the anch ...
. *
1922 Events January * January 7 – Dáil Éireann (Irish Republic), Dáil Éireann, the parliament of the Irish Republic, ratifies the Anglo-Irish Treaty by 64–57 votes. * January 10 – Arthur Griffith is elected President of Dáil Éirean ...
– The American Professional Football Association is renamed the
National Football League The National Football League (NFL) is a professional American football league that consists of 32 teams, divided equally between the American Football Conference (AFC) and the National Football Conference (NFC). The NFL is one of the majo ...
. *
1932 Events January * January 4 – The British authorities in India arrest and intern Mahatma Gandhi and Vallabhbhai Patel. * January 9 – Sakuradamon Incident: Korean nationalist Lee Bong-chang fails in his effort to assassinate Emperor Hir ...
– A bloodless
revolution In political science, a revolution (Latin: ''revolutio'', "a turn around") is a fundamental and relatively sudden change in political power and political organization which occurs when the population revolts against the government, typically due ...
instigated by the People's Party ends the absolute power of King
Prajadhipok Prajadhipok ( th, ประชาธิปก, RTGS: ''Prachathipok'', 8 November 1893 – 30 May 1941), also Rama VII, was the seventh monarch of Siam of the Chakri dynasty. His reign was a turbulent time for Siam due to political and ...
of
Siam Thailand ( ), historically known as Siam () and officially the Kingdom of Thailand, is a country in Southeast Asia, located at the centre of the Indochinese Peninsula, spanning , with a population of almost 70 million. The country is bo ...
(now
Thailand Thailand ( ), historically known as Siam () and officially the Kingdom of Thailand, is a country in Southeast Asia, located at the centre of the Indochinese Peninsula, spanning , with a population of almost 70 million. The country is b ...
). *
1938 Events January * January 1 ** The new constitution of Estonia enters into force, which many consider to be the ending of the Era of Silence and the authoritarian regime. ** State-owned railway networks are created by merger, in France ...
– Pieces of a
meteorite A meteorite is a solid piece of debris from an object, such as a comet, asteroid, or meteoroid, that originates in outer space and survives its passage through the atmosphere to reach the surface of a planet or moon. When the original object ...
land near Chicora, Pennsylvania. The meteorite is estimated to have weighed 450 
metric ton The tonne ( or ; symbol: t) is a unit of mass equal to 1000  kilograms. It is a non-SI unit accepted for use with SI. It is also referred to as a metric ton to distinguish it from the non-metric units of the short ton (United States ...
s when it hit the Earth's atmosphere and exploded. *
1939 This year also marks the start of the Second World War, the largest and deadliest conflict in human history. Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 ** Third Reich *** Jews are forbidden to ...
– Siam is renamed Thailand by
Plaek Phibunsongkhram Field Marshal Plaek Phibunsongkhram ( th, แปลก พิบูลสงคราม ; alternatively transcribed as ''Pibulsongkram'' or ''Pibulsonggram''; 14 July 1897 – 11 June 1964), locally known as Marshal P. ( th, จอมพล ...
, the country's third
prime minister A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister is ...
. * 1940
World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...
: Operation Collar, the first
British Commando The Commandos, also known as the British Commandos, were formed during the Second World War in June 1940, following a request from Winston Churchill, for special forces that could carry out raids against German-occupied Europe. Initially drawn ...
raid on occupied France, by No 11
Independent Company A privately held company (or simply a private company) is a company whose shares and related rights or obligations are not offered for public subscription or publicly negotiated in the respective listed markets, but rather the company's stock is ...
. * 1943 – US military police attempt to arrest a black soldier in
Bamber Bridge Bamber Bridge is an urban village in Lancashire, England, south-east of Preston, in the borough of South Ribble. The name derives from the Old English "bēam" and "brycg", which probably means "tree-trunk bridge". The population was 13,945 a ...
, England, sparking the
Battle of Bamber Bridge The Battle of Bamber Bridge is the name given to an outbreak of racial violence involving American soldiers stationed in the village of Bamber Bridge, Lancashire, in Northern England during the Second World War. Tensions had been high following ...
mutiny that leaves one dead and seven wounded. *
1947 It was the first year of the Cold War, which would last until 1991, ending with the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Events January * January–February – Winter of 1946–47 in the United Kingdom: The worst snowfall in the country i ...
Kenneth Arnold makes the first widely reported UFO sighting near
Mount Rainier Mount Rainier (), indigenously known as Tahoma, Tacoma, Tacobet, or təqʷubəʔ, is a large active stratovolcano in the Cascade Range of the Pacific Northwest, located in Mount Rainier National Park about south-southeast of Seattle. With a ...
,
Washington Washington commonly refers to: * Washington (state), United States * Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States ** A metonym for the federal government of the United States ** Washington metropolitan area, the metropolitan area centered o ...
. *
1948 Events January * January 1 ** The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) is inaugurated. ** The Constitution of New Jersey (later subject to amendment) goes into effect. ** The railways of Britain are nationalized, to form British ...
Cold War The Cold War is a term commonly used to refer to a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc. The term '' cold war'' is used because t ...
: Start of the
Berlin Blockade The Berlin Blockade (24 June 1948 – 12 May 1949) was one of the first major international crises of the Cold War. During the multinational occupation of post–World War II Germany, the Soviet Union blocked the Western Allies' railway, ro ...
: The
Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen nationa ...
makes overland travel between West Germany and
West Berlin West Berlin (german: Berlin (West) or , ) was a political enclave which comprised the western part of Berlin during the years of the Cold War. Although West Berlin was de jure not part of West Germany, lacked any sovereignty, and was under mi ...
impossible. *
1949 Events January * January 1 – A United Nations-sponsored ceasefire brings an end to the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947. The war results in a stalemate and the division of Kashmir, which still continues as of 2022. * January 2 – Luis ...
– The first television western, ''
Hopalong Cassidy Hopalong Cassidy is a fictional cowboy hero created in 1904 by the author Clarence E. Mulford, who wrote a series of short stories and novels based on the character. Mulford portrayed the character as rude, dangerous, and rough-talking. He wa ...
'', starring
William Boyd William, Willie, Will or Bill Boyd may refer to: Academics * William Alexander Jenyns Boyd (1842–1928), Australian journalist and schoolmaster * William Boyd (educator) (1874–1962), Scottish educator * William Boyd (pathologist) (1885–1979), ...
, is aired on NBC. * 1950
Apartheid Apartheid (, especially South African English: , ; , "aparthood") was a system of institutionalised racial segregation that existed in South Africa and South West Africa (now Namibia) from 1948 to the early 1990s. Apartheid was ...
: In South Africa, the
Group Areas Act Group Areas Act was the title of three acts of the Parliament of South Africa enacted under the apartheid government of South Africa. The acts assigned racial groups to different residential and business sections in urban areas in a system o ...
is passed, formally segregating races. *
1954 Events January * January 1 – The Soviet Union ceases to demand war reparations from West Germany. * January 3 – The Italian broadcaster RAI officially begins transmitting. * January 7 – Georgetown-IBM experiment: The fir ...
First Indochina War The First Indochina War (generally known as the Indochina War in France, and as the Anti-French Resistance War in Vietnam) began in French Indochina from 19 December 1946 to 20 July 1954 between France and Việt Minh (Democratic Republic of Vi ...
:
Battle of Mang Yang Pass The Battle of Mang Yang Pass (also known as the Battle of An Khê or the Battle of Đắk Pơ) was one of the last battles of the First Indochina War which took place on 24 June 1954. The battle was one of the bloodiest defeats of the French Un ...
:
Viet Minh The Việt Minh (; abbreviated from , chữ Nôm and Hán tự: ; french: Ligue pour l'indépendance du Viêt Nam, ) was a national independence coalition formed at Pác Bó by Hồ Chí Minh on 19 May 1941. Also known as the Việt Minh Fro ...
troops belonging to the 803rd Regiment ambush G.M. 100 of France in
An Khê An Khê is a town (''thị xã'') of Gia Lai province in the Central Highlands region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 63,118. The district covers an area of 199 km². The district capital lies at An Khê. Locat ...
. * 1957 – In '' Roth v. United States'', the U.S. Supreme Court rules that obscenity is not protected by the
First Amendment First or 1st is the ordinal form of the number one (#1). First or 1st may also refer to: *World record, specifically the first instance of a particular achievement Arts and media Music * 1$T, American rapper, singer-songwriter, DJ, and reco ...
. *
1960 It is also known as the "Year of Africa" because of major events—particularly the independence of seventeen African nations—that focused global attention on the continent and intensified feelings of Pan-Africanism. Events January * Ja ...
Assassination attempt of
Venezuela Venezuela (; ), officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela ( es, link=no, República Bolivariana de Venezuela), is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many islands and islets in th ...
n President Rómulo Betancourt. * 1963 – The United Kingdom grants
Zanzibar Zanzibar (; ; ) is an insular semi-autonomous province which united with Tanganyika in 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanzania. It is an archipelago in the Indian Ocean, off the coast of the mainland, and consists of many small islan ...
internal self-government. * 1973 – The
UpStairs Lounge arson attack The UpStairs Lounge arson attack occurred on June 24, 1973 at a gay bar called the UpStairs (or Up Stairs) Lounge located on the second floor of the three-story building at 604 Iberville Street in New Orleans, Louisiana, in the United States. Th ...
takes place at a gay bar located on the second floor of the three-story building at 141 Chartres Street in the French Quarter of New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. Thirty-two people die as a result of fire or smoke inhalation. *
1975 It was also declared the ''International Women's Year'' by the United Nations and the European Architectural Heritage Year by the Council of Europe. Events January * January 1 - Watergate scandal (United States): John N. Mitchell, H. R. ...
Eastern Air Lines Flight 66 Eastern Air Lines Flight 66 was a regularly scheduled flight from New Orleans to New York City that crashed on June 24, 1975 while on approach to New York's John F. Kennedy International Airport, killing 113 of the 124 people on board. The cra ...
encounters severe wind shear and crashes on final approach to New York's JFK Airport killing 113 of the 124 passengers on board, making it the deadliest U.S. plane crash at the time. This accident led to decades of research into downburst and microburst phenomena and their effects on aircraft. * 1981 – The Humber Bridge opens to traffic, connecting
Yorkshire Yorkshire ( ; abbreviated Yorks), formally known as the County of York, is a Historic counties of England, historic county in northern England and by far the largest in the United Kingdom. Because of its large area in comparison with other Eng ...
and
Lincolnshire Lincolnshire (abbreviated Lincs.) is a Counties of England, county in the East Midlands of England, with a long coastline on the North Sea to the east. It borders Norfolk to the south-east, Cambridgeshire to the south, Rutland to the south-we ...
. It remained the world's longest bridge span for 17 years. *
1982 Events January * January 1 – In Malaysia and Singapore, clocks are adjusted to the same time zone, UTC+8 (GMT+8.00). * January 13 – Air Florida Flight 90 crashes shortly after takeoff into the 14th Street Bridge in Washington, D.C ...
– "The Jakarta Incident": British Airways Flight 9 flies into a cloud of volcanic ash thrown up by the eruption of Mount Galunggung, resulting in the failure of all four engines. *
1989 File:1989 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Cypress Street Viaduct, Cypress structure collapses as a result of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, killing motorists below; The proposal document for the World Wide Web is submitted; The Exxo ...
Jiang Zemin Jiang Zemin (17 August 1926 – 30 November 2022) was a Chinese politician who served as general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 1989 to 2002, as chairman of the Central Military Commission from 1989 to 2004, and as p ...
succeeds
Zhao Ziyang Zhao Ziyang ( zh, 赵紫阳; pronounced , 17 October 1919 – 17 January 2005) was a Chinese politician. He was the third premier of the People's Republic of China from 1980 to 1987, vice chairman of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 19 ...
to become the
General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party The general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party () is the head of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), the sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Since 1989, the CCP general secretary has been the paramount lead ...
after the
1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre The Tiananmen Square protests, known in Chinese as the June Fourth Incident (), were student-led demonstrations held in Tiananmen Square, Beijing during 1989. In what is known as the Tiananmen Square Massacre, or in Chinese the June Four ...
. *
1995 File:1995 Events Collage V2.png, From left, clockwise: O.J. Simpson is acquitted of the murders of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman from the year prior in "The Trial of the Century" in the United States; The Great Hanshin earthquake str ...
Rugby World Cup The Rugby World Cup is a men's rugby union tournament contested every four years between the top international teams. The tournament is administered by World Rugby, the sport's international governing body. The winners are awarded the Webb ...
:
South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by of coastline that stretch along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the north by the neighbouring coun ...
defeats
New Zealand New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and over 700 smaller islands. It is the sixth-largest island coun ...
and
Nelson Mandela Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (; ; 18 July 1918 – 5 December 2013) was a South African anti-apartheid activist who served as the first president of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was the country's first black head of state and the ...
presents Francois Pienaar with the Webb Ellis Cup in an iconic post-
apartheid Apartheid (, especially South African English: , ; , "aparthood") was a system of institutionalised racial segregation that existed in South Africa and South West Africa (now Namibia) from 1948 to the early 1990s. Apartheid was ...
moment. *
2002 File:2002 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 2002 Winter Olympics are held in Salt Lake City; Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother and her daughter Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon die; East Timor gains East Timor independence, indepe ...
– The Igandu train disaster in
Tanzania Tanzania (; ), officially the United Republic of Tanzania ( sw, Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania), is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region. It borders Uganda to the north; Kenya to the northeast; Comoro Islands ...
kills 281, the worst train accident in
Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...
n history. *
2004 2004 was designated as an International Year of Rice by the United Nations, and the International Year to Commemorate the Struggle Against Slavery and its Abolition (by UNESCO). Events January * January 3 – Flash Airlines Flight ...
– In New York,
capital punishment Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is the state-sanctioned practice of deliberately killing a person as a punishment for an actual or supposed crime, usually following an authorized, rule-governed process to conclude that ...
is declared unconstitutional. *
2010 File:2010 Events Collage New.png, From top left, clockwise: The 2010 Chile earthquake was one of the strongest recorded in history; The Eruption of Eyjafjallajökull in Iceland disrupts air travel in Europe; A scene from the opening ceremony of ...
– At Wimbledon, John Isner of the United States defeats
Nicolas Mahut Nicolas Pierre Armand Mahut (; born 21 January 1982) is a French professional tennis player who is a former world No. 1 in doubles. He is a five-time Grand Slam champion in doubles, having completed the career Grand Slam with victories at t ...
of France, in the longest match in professional tennis history. * 2010 –
Julia Gillard Julia Eileen Gillard (born 29 September 1961) is an Australian former politician who served as the 27th prime minister of Australia from 2010 to 2013, holding office as leader of the Australian Labor Party (ALP). She is the first and only ...
assumes office as the first female
Prime Minister of Australia The prime minister of Australia is the head of government of the Commonwealth of Australia. The prime minister heads the executive branch of the federal government of Australia and is also accountable to federal parliament under the princip ...
. *
2012 File:2012 Events Collage V3.png, From left, clockwise: The passenger cruise ship Costa Concordia lies capsized after the Costa Concordia disaster; Damage to Casino Pier in Seaside Heights, New Jersey as a result of Hurricane Sandy; People gat ...
– Death of
Lonesome George Lonesome George ( es, Solitario George or , 1910 – June 24, 2012) was a male Pinta Island tortoise (''Chelonoidis niger abingdonii'') and the last known individual of the subspecies. In his last years, he was known as the rarest creat ...
, the last known individual of Chelonoidis nigra abingdonii, a subspecies of the
Galápagos tortoise The Galápagos tortoise or Galápagos giant tortoise (''Chelonoidis niger'') is a species of very large tortoise in the genus ''Chelonoidis'' (which also contains three smaller species from mainland South America). It comprises 15 subspecies ...
. *
2013 File:2013 Events Collage V2.png, From left, clockwise: Edward Snowden becomes internationally famous for leaking classified NSA wiretapping information; Typhoon Haiyan kills over 6,000 in the Philippines and Southeast Asia; The Dhaka garment fa ...
– Former Italian Prime Minister
Silvio Berlusconi Silvio Berlusconi ( ; ; born 29 September 1936) is an Italian media tycoon and politician who served as Prime Minister of Italy in four governments from 1994 to 1995, 2001 to 2006 and 2008 to 2011. He was a member of the Chamber of Deputies f ...
is found guilty of abusing his power and engaging in sex with an underage prostitute, and is sentenced to seven years in prison. *
2021 File:2021 collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: the James Webb Space Telescope was launched in 2021; Protesters in Yangon, Myanmar following the coup d'état; A civil demonstration against the October 2021 coup in Sudan; Crowd shortly after t ...
– The Champlain Towers South condominium in Surfside, Florida suffers a sudden partial collapse, killing 98 people inside. * 2022 – In ''
Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization ''Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization'', , is a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in which the court held that the Constitution of the United States does not confer a right to abortion. The court's decision overruled both ''Ro ...
'', the U.S. Supreme Court rules that a pregnant woman's liberty to choose to have an
abortion Abortion is the termination of a pregnancy by removal or expulsion of an embryo or fetus. An abortion that occurs without intervention is known as a miscarriage or "spontaneous abortion"; these occur in approximately 30% to 40% of pre ...
is not protected by the U.S. Constitution, overturning the court's prior decisions in ''
Roe v. Wade ''Roe v. Wade'', 410 U.S. 113 (1973),. was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in which the Court ruled that the Constitution of the United States conferred the right to have an abortion. The decision struck down many federal and st ...
'' (1973) and ''
Planned Parenthood v. Casey ''Planned Parenthood v. Casey'', 505 U.S. 833 (1992), was a landmark case of the Supreme Court of the United States in which the Court upheld the right to have an abortion as established by the "essential holding" of ''Roe v. Wade'' (1973) and is ...
'' (1992).


Births


Pre-1600

*
1210 Year 1210 ( MCCX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * May – The Second Parliament of Ravennika, convened by Emperor Henry of Flanders, is ...
– Count Floris IV of Holland (d. 1234) * 1244Henry I, Landgrave of Hesse (d. 1308) * 1254Floris V, Count of Holland (d. 1296) * 1257Robert de Vere, 6th Earl of Oxford, English nobleman (probable; d. 1331) *
1314 Events * March 18 – Jacques de Molay, the 23rd and last Grand Master of the Knights Templar, is burned at the stake in Paris, France. * April 4 – Exeter College, Oxford is founded in England by Walter de Stapledon, Bishop of Ex ...
Philippa of Hainault Queen of England (d. 1369) * 1322
Joanna, Duchess of Brabant Joanna, Duchess of Brabant (24 June 1322 – 1 December 1406), also known as Jeanne, was a ruling Duchess (Duke) of Brabant from 1355 until her death. She was duchess of Brabant until the occupation of the duchy by her brother-in-law Louis II of ...
(d. 1406) * 1343
Joan of Valois, Queen of Navarre Joan of France, also known as Joan or Joanna of Valois (24 June 1343, Châteauneuf-sur-Loire – 3 November 1373, Évreux), was Queen of Navarre by marriage to Charles II of Navarre (called ''The Bad''). She was the daughter of John II of Fran ...
(d. 1373) * 1360Nuno Álvares Pereira, Portuguese general * 1386John of Capistrano, Italian priest and saint (d. 1456) * 1465
Isabella del Balzo Isabella of Balzo (24 June 1465 – 1533) was a Queen consort of Naples. She was the second consort and only Queen consort of Frederick of Naples. Isabella was also suo jure Duchess of Andria and Venosa and Princess of Altamura. Biography Is ...
, Queen Consort of Naples (d. 1533) * 1485Johannes Bugenhagen, Polish-German priest and reformer (d. 1558) * 1485 – Elizabeth of Denmark, Electress of Brandenburg (d. 1555) * 1499
Johannes Brenz Johann (Johannes) Brenz (24 June 1499 – 11 September 1570) was a German Lutheran theologian and the Protestant Reformer of the Duchy of Württemberg. Early advocacy of the Reformation Brenz was born in the then Imperial City of Weil der S ...
, German theologian and the Protestant Reformer (d. 1570) * 1519Theodore Beza, French theologian and scholar (d. 1605) *
1532 Year 1532 (Roman numerals, MDXXXII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * January 22 – São Vicente, São Paulo, São Vicente is established as ...
Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester, (24 June 1532 – 4 September 1588) was an English statesman and the favourite of Elizabeth I from her accession until his death. He was a suitor for the queen's hand for many years. Dudley's youth was o ...
, English politician (d. 1588) * 1532 – William IV, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (d. 1573) *
1535 __NOTOC__ Year 1535 ( MDXXXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * January 18 – Lima, Peru, is founded by Francisco Pizarro, as ''Ciudad de l ...
Joanna of Austria, Princess of Portugal (d. 1573) * 1546Robert Persons, English Jesuit priest, insurrectionist, and author (d. 1610) *
1587 Events January–June * February 1 – Queen Elizabeth I of England signs the death warrant of her cousin Mary, Queen of Scots, after Mary has been implicated in a plot to murder Elizabeth. Seven days later, on the orders of ...
William Arnold, English-American settler (d. 1675)


1601–1900

* 1614John Belasyse, 1st Baron Belasyse * 1616Ferdinand Bol, Dutch painter, etcher and draftsman, student of Rembrandt (d. 1680) *
1661 Events January–March * January 6 – The Fifth Monarchists, led by Thomas Venner, unsuccessfully attempt to seize control of London; George Monck's regiment defeats them. * January 29 – The Rokeby baronets, a British ...
Hachisuka Tsunanori, Japanese daimyō (d. 1730) * 1663
Jean Baptiste Massillon Jean-Baptiste Massillon, CO (24 June 1663, Hyères – 28 September 1742, Beauregard-l'Évêque), was a French Catholic prelate and famous preacher who served as Bishop of Clermont from 1717 until his death. Biography Early years Massillon w ...
, French bishop (d. 1742) * 1687
Johann Albrecht Bengel Johann Albrecht Bengel (24 June 1687 – 2 November 1752), also known as ''Bengelius'', was a Lutheran pietist clergyman and Greek-language scholar known for his edition of the Greek New Testament and his commentaries on it. Life and career B ...
, German-Lutheran clergyman and scholar (d. 1757) * 1694
Jean-Jacques Burlamaqui Jean-Jacques Burlamaqui (; 24 June or 13 July 1694 – 3 April 1748) was a Genevan legal and political theorist who popularised a number of ideas propounded by other thinkers. Life Born in Geneva, Republic of Geneva, into a Calvinist family (des ...
, Swiss author and theorist (d. 1748) * 1704Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, French philosopher and author (d. 1771) * 1753
William Hull William Hull (June 24, 1753 – November 29, 1825) was an American soldier and politician. He fought in the American Revolutionary War and was appointed as Governor of Michigan Territory (1805–13), gaining large land cessions from several Am ...
, American general and politician, 1st Governor of Michigan Territory (d. 1825) * 1755Anacharsis Cloots, Prussian-French activist (d. 1794) * 1767Jean-Baptiste Benoît Eyriès, French geographer and author (d. 1846) * 1771
Éleuthère Irénée du Pont Éleuthère Irénée du Pont de Nemours (; ; 24 June 1771 – 31 October 1834) was a French-American chemist and industrialist who founded the gunpowder manufacturer E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company. His descendants, the du Pont family, hav ...
, French chemist and businessman, founded
DuPont DuPont de Nemours, Inc., commonly shortened to DuPont, is an American multinational chemical company first formed in 1802 by French-American chemist and industrialist Éleuthère Irénée du Pont de Nemours. The company played a major role in ...
(d. 1834) *
1774 Events January–March * January 21 – Mustafa III, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, dies and is succeeded by his brother Abdul Hamid I. * January 27 ** An angry crowd in Boston, Massachusetts seizes, tars, and feathers British customs c ...
Antonio González de Balcarce Antonio González de Balcarce (June 24, 1774 – August 15, 1819) was an Argentine military commander in the early 19th century. González de Balcarce was born in Buenos Aires. He joined the armed forces as a cadet in 1788. In the battle for Mo ...
, Argentinian commander and politician, 5th Supreme Director of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata (d. 1819) * 1774 – François-Nicolas-Benoît Haxo, French general and engineer (d. 1838) * 1777John Ross, Scottish commander and explorer (d. 1856) * 1782Juan Larrea, Argentinian captain and politician (d. 1847) * 1783Johann Heinrich von Thünen, German economist and geographer (d. 1850) * 1784Juan Antonio Lavalleja, Uruguayan general and politician,
President of Uruguay The president of Uruguay ( es, Presidente del Uruguay), officially known as the president of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay (), is the head of state and head of government of Uruguay. Their rights are determined in the Constitution of Urugu ...
(d. 1853) * 1788Thomas Blanchard, American inventor (d. 1864) * 1795
Ernst Heinrich Weber Ernst Heinrich Weber (24 June 1795 – 26 January 1878) was a German physician who is considered one of the founders of experimental psychology. He was an influential and important figure in the areas of physiology and psychology during his li ...
, German physician and psychologist (d. 1878) * 1797John Hughes, Irish-American archbishop (d. 1864) * 1797 – Paweł Edmund Strzelecki, Polish geologist and explorer (d. 1873) *
1804 Events January–March * January 1 – Haiti gains independence from France, and becomes the first black republic, having the only successful slave revolt ever. * February 4 – The Sokoto Caliphate is founded in West Africa. * Febru ...
Stephan Endlicher Stephan Ladislaus Endlicher also known as Endlicher István László (24 June 1804, Bratislava (Pozsony) – 28 March 1849, Vienna) was an Austrian botanist, numismatist and Sinologist. He was a director of the Botanical Garden of Vienna. B ...
, Austrian botanist, numismatist, and sinologist (d. 1849) * 1804 – Willard Richards, American religious leader (d. 1854) * 1811John Archibald Campbell, American lawyer and jurist (d. 1889) * 1813Henry Ward Beecher, American minister and reformer (d. 1887) * 1813 –
Francis Boott Francis Boott (26 September 1792 – 25 December 1863) was an American physician and botanist who was resident in Great Britain from 1820. Biography Boott was born in Boston, Massachusetts, the brother of Kirk Boott, one of the founders of ...
, American composer (d. 1904) * 1821
Guillermo Rawson Guillermo Rawson (24 June 1821 – 20 January 1890) was a medical doctor and politician in nineteenth-century Argentina. In 1862, when he was the Interior Minister of Argentina, he met Captain Love Jones-Parry and Lewis Jones, who were on ...
, Argentinian physician and politician (d. 1890) * 1826
George Goyder George Woodroffe Goyder (24 June 1826 – 2 November 1898) was a surveyor in the Colony of South Australia during the latter half of the nineteenth century. He rose rapidly in the civil service, becoming Assistant Surveyor-General by 185 ...
, English-Australian surveyor (d. 1898) * 1835
Johannes Wislicenus Johannes Wislicenus (24 June 1835 – 5 December 1902) was a German chemist, most famous for his work in early stereochemistry. Biography The son of the radical Protestant theologian Gustav Wislicenus, Johannes was born on 24 June 1835 in Kl ...
, German chemist and academic (d. 1902) *
1838 Events January–March * January 10 – A fire destroys Lloyd's Coffee House and the Royal Exchange in London. * January 11 – At Morristown, New Jersey, Samuel Morse, Alfred Vail and Leonard Gale give the first public demonstration o ...
Jan Matejko Jan Alojzy Matejko (; also known as Jan Mateyko; 24 June 1838 – 1 November 1893) was a Polish painter, a leading 19th-century exponent of history painting, known for depicting nodal events from Polish history. His works include large scale ...
, Polish painter (d. 1893) *
1839 Events January–March * January 2 – The first photograph of the Moon is taken, by French photographer Louis Daguerre. * January 6 – Night of the Big Wind: Ireland is struck by the most damaging cyclone in 300 years. * January 9 – ...
Gustavus Franklin Swift Gustavus Franklin Swift, Sr. (June 24, 1839 – March 29, 1903) was an American business executive. He founded a meat-packing empire in the Midwest during the late 19th century, over which he presided until his death. He is credited with th ...
, American businessman (d. 1903) * 1842
Ambrose Bierce Ambrose Gwinnett Bierce (June 24, 1842 – ) was an American short story writer, journalist, poet, and American Civil War veteran. His book ''The Devil's Dictionary'' was named as one of "The 100 Greatest Masterpieces of American Literature" by t ...
, American short story writer, essayist, and journalist (d. 1914) * 1846
Samuel Johnson Samuel Johnson (18 September 1709  – 13 December 1784), often called Dr Johnson, was an English writer who made lasting contributions as a poet, playwright, essayist, moralist, critic, biographer, editor and lexicographer. The ''Oxford ...
, Nigerian priest and historian (d. 1901) *
1850 Events January–June * April ** Pope Pius IX returns from exile to Rome. ** Stephen Foster's parlor ballad " Ah! May the Red Rose Live Alway" is published in the United States. * April 4 – Los Angeles is incorporated as a city ...
Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener, (; 24 June 1850 – 5 June 1916) was a senior British Army officer and colonial administrator. Kitchener came to prominence for his imperial campaigns, his scorched earth policy against the Boers, h ...
, Irish field marshal and politician, Governor-General of Sudan (d. 1916) * 1852Friedrich Loeffler, German bacteriologist and academic (d. 1915) * 1854Eleanor Norcross, American painter (d. 1923) *
1856 Events January–March * January 8 – Borax deposits are discovered in large quantities by John Veatch in California. * January 23 – American paddle steamer SS ''Pacific'' leaves Liverpool (England) for a transatlantic voya ...
Henry Chapman Mercer Henry Chapman Mercer (June 24, 1856 – March 9, 1930) was an American archeologist, artifact collector, tile-maker, and designer of three distinctive poured concrete structures: Fonthill, his home; the Moravian Pottery and Tile Works; and t ...
, American archaeologist and author (d. 1930) * 1858Hastings Rashdall, English historian, philosopher, and theologian (d. 1924) *
1865 Events January–March * January 4 – The New York Stock Exchange opens its first permanent headquarters at 10-12 Broad near Wall Street, in New York City. * January 13 – American Civil War : Second Battle of Fort Fisher ...
Robert Henri, American painter and educator (d. 1929) * 1867Ruth Randall Edström, American educator and activist (d. 1944) * 1869Prince George of Greece and Denmark (d. 1957) * 1872Frank Crowninshield, American journalist and art and theatre critic (d. 1947) *
1875 Events January–March * January 1 – The Midland Railway of England abolishes the Second Class passenger category, leaving First Class and Third Class. Other British railway companies follow Midland's lead during the rest of th ...
Forrest Reid Forrest Reid (born 24 June 1875, Belfast, Ireland; d. 4 January 1947, Warrenpoint, County Down, Northern Ireland) was an Irish novelist, literary critic and translator. He was, along with Hugh Walpole and J. M. Barrie, a leading pre-war novelist ...
, Irish novelist, literary critic and translator (d. 1947) * 1880
Oswald Veblen Oswald Veblen (June 24, 1880 – August 10, 1960) was an American mathematician, geometer and topologist, whose work found application in atomic physics and the theory of relativity. He proved the Jordan curve theorem in 1905; while this wa ...
, American mathematician and academic (g. 1960) * 1880 –
João Cândido Felisberto João Cândido Felisberto (24 June 1880 – 6 December 1969) was a Brazilian sailor, best known as the leader of the 1910 "Revolt of the Lash". His name was sometimes given as simply "João Cândido" or "Jean Candido" in foreign articles. E ...
, Brazilian revolutionary and sailor (d. 1969) * 1881George Shiels, Irish-Canadian author, poet, and playwright (d. 1949) * 1882
Athanase David Louis-Athanase David (June 24, 1882 – January 26, 1953) was a Canadian lawyer, politician, and businessman. He was a cabinet minister in the Provincial Parliament of Quebec, representing the riding of Terrebonne and serving as Provincial Secreta ...
, Canadian lawyer and politician (d. 1953) * 1882 – Carl Diem, German businessman (d. 1962) *
1883 Events January–March * January 4 – ''Life'' magazine is founded in Los Angeles, California, United States. * January 10 – A fire at the Newhall Hotel in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States, kills 73 people. * Janua ...
Victor Francis Hess, Austrian-American physicist and academic,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
laureate (d. 1964) * 1883 – Fritz Löhner-Beda, Austrian librettist, lyricist and writer (d.1942) * 1883 –
Jean Metzinger Jean Dominique Antony Metzinger (; 24 June 1883 – 3 November 1956) was a major 20th-century French painter, theorist, writer, critic and poet, who along with Albert Gleizes wrote the first theoretical work on Cubism. His earliest works, from 1 ...
, French artist (d. 1956) * 1883 –
Arthur L. Newton Arthur Lewis Newton (January 31, 1883 – July 19, 1950) was an American athlete who competed mainly in the distance events. He was born in Upton, Massachusetts and died in Worcester, Massachusetts. Biography He participated in the 1900 Sum ...
, American runner (d. 1956) * 1883 – Frank Verner, American runner (d. 1966) * 1884Frank Waller, American runner (d. 1941) *
1885 Events January–March * January 3– 4 – Sino-French War – Battle of Núi Bop: French troops under General Oscar de Négrier defeat a numerically superior Qing Chinese force, in northern Vietnam. * January 4 &n ...
Olaf Holtedahl Prof Olaf Holtedahl ForMemRS FRSE (24 June 1885 – 26 August 1975) was a Norwegian geologist (Dr.philos., 1913). He became a senior lecturer at the University of Oslo in 1914, and was Professor of Geology there from 1920 to 1956. Career ...
, Norwegian geologist (d. 1975) * 1888Gerrit Rietveld, Dutch architect, designed the Rietveld Schröder House (d. 1964) * 1893Roy O. Disney, American businessman, co-founded
The Walt Disney Company The Walt Disney Company, commonly known as Disney (), is an American multinational mass media and entertainment conglomerate headquartered at the Walt Disney Studios complex in Burbank, California. Disney was originally founded on Octobe ...
(d. 1971) * 1895Jack Dempsey, American boxer and soldier (d. 1983) * 1898
Armin Öpik Armin Aleksander Öpik (24 June 1898, in Kunda – 15 January 1983, in Canberra) was an Estonian paleontologist who spent the second half of his career (from 1948) at the Bureau of Mineral Resources in Australia. Early life He was born on a ...
, Estonian-Australian paleontologist and geologist (d. 1983) * 1898 –
Karl Selter Karl Selter (24 June 1898 in Koeru, Estonia – 31 January 1958 in Geneva, Switzerland) was an Estonian politician and a Minister of Foreign Affairs of Estonia. He served as Minister of Economic Affairs from 1933 to 1938 and as minister of ...
, Estonian politician, 14th
Minister of Foreign Affairs of Estonia , insignia = Coat of arms of Estonia.svg , insigniasize = 80px , department = Ministry of Foreign Affairs , image = File:Urmas Reinsalu 2017-05-25 (cropped).jpg , incumbent = Urmas Reinsalu , incumbentsince = 18 July 2022 , acting = , for ...
(d. 1958) *
1900 As of March 1 ( O.S. February 17), when the Julian calendar acknowledged a leap day and the Gregorian calendar did not, the Julian calendar fell one day further behind, bringing the difference to 13 days until February 28 ( O.S. February 15), 2 ...
Wilhelm Cauer Wilhelm Cauer (24 June 1900 – 22 April 1945) was a German mathematician and scientist. He is most noted for his work on the analysis and synthesis of electrical filters and his work marked the beginning of the field of network synthesis. Prior ...
, German mathematician and engineer (d. 1945)


1901–present

* 1901Marcel Mule, French saxophonist (d. 2001) * 1901 –
Harry Partch Harry Partch (June 24, 1901 – September 3, 1974) was an American composer, music theorist, and creator of unique musical instruments. He composed using scales of unequal intervals in just intonation, and was one of the first 20th-century com ...
, American composer and theorist (d. 1974) * 1901 – Chuck Taylor, American basketball player and salesman (d. 1969) * 1904Phil Harris, American singer-songwriter and actor (d. 1995) * 1905
Fred Alderman Frederick Pitt Alderman (June 24, 1905 – September 15, 1998) was an American sprint runner who won a gold medal in 4 × 400 m relay at the 1928 Summer Olympics. He also won the NCAA Championships in and and IC4A Championships in in 192 ...
, American sprinter (d. 1998) * 1906Pierre Fournier, French cellist and educator (d. 1986) * 1906 –
Willard Maas Willard Maas (June 24, 1906 – January 2, 1971) was an American experimental filmmaker and poet. Personal life and career Maas was born in Lindsay, California and graduated from State Teachers College at San Jose. He came to New York in the 193 ...
, American poet and educator (d. 1971) * 1907
Arseny Tarkovsky Arseny Aleksandrovich Tarkovsky (russian: link=no, Арсений Александрович Тарковский; 27 May 1989) was a Soviet and Russian poet and translator. He was predeceased by his son, film director Andrei Tarkovsky. Biograph ...
, Russian poet and translator (d. 1989) * 1908Hugo Distler, German organist, composer, and conductor (d. 1942) * 1908 – Alfons Rebane, Estonian colonel (d. 1976) * 1909Jean Deslauriers, Canadian violinist, composer, and conductor (d. 1978) * 1909 – William Penney, Baron Penney, English mathematician and physicist (d. 1991) * 1909 –
Betty Cavanna Betty Cavanna (June 24, 1909 – August 13, 2001) was the author of popular teen romance novels, mysteries, and children's books for 45 years. She also wrote under the names Elizabeth Headley and Betsy Allen. She was nominated for the Edgar Awar ...
, American author (d. 2001) *
1911 A notable ongoing event was the race for the South Pole. Events January * January 1 – A decade after federation, the Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory are added to the Commonwealth of Australia. * ...
Juan Manuel Fangio Juan Manuel Fangio (American Spanish: , ; 24 June 1911 – 17 July 1995), nicknamed ''El Chueco'' ("the bowlegged" or "bandy legged one") or ''El Maestro'' ("The Master" or "The Teacher"), was an Argentine racing car driver. He dominated t ...
, Argentinian race car driver (d. 1995) * 1911 –
Ernesto Sabato Ernesto Sabato (June 24, 1911 – April 30, 2011) was an Argentine novelist, essayist, painter and physicist. According to the BBC he "won some of the most prestigious prizes in Hispanic literature" and "became very influential in the literary w ...
, Argentinian physicist and academic (d. 2011) * 1911 –
Portia White Portia May White (June 24, 1911February 13, 1968) was a Canadian contralto, known for becoming the first Black Canadian concert singer to achieve international fame. Growing up as part of her father's church choir in Halifax, Nova Scotia, White ...
, Canadian opera singer (d. 1968) *
1912 Events January * January 1 – The Republic of China is established. * January 5 – The Prague Conference (6th All-Russian Conference of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party) opens. * January 6 ** German geophysicist Alfred ...
Brian Johnston Brian Alexander Johnston (24 June 1912 – 5 January 1994), nicknamed Johnners, was a British cricket commentator, author, and television presenter. He was most prominently associated with the BBC during a career which lasted from 1946 until h ...
, English sportscaster and author (d. 1994) * 1912 –
Mary Wesley Mary Wesley was the pen name of Mary Aline Siepmann CBE (24 June 191230 December 2002), an English novelist. During her career, she was one of Britain's most successful novelists, selling three million copies of her books, including ten bestsel ...
, English author (d. 2002) * 1913
Gustaaf Deloor Gustaaf Deloor (24 June 1913 – 28 January 2002) was a Belgian road racing cyclist and the winner of the first two editions of the Vuelta a España in 1935 and 1936. The 1936 edition remains the longest winning finish time of the Vuelta in ...
, Belgian cyclist and soldier (d. 2002) * 1914Jan Karski, Polish-American activist and academic (d. 2000) * 1914 –
Pearl Witherington Cecile Pearl Witherington Cornioley, (24 June 1914 – 24 February 2008), code names Marie and Pauline, was an agent in France for the United Kingdom's clandestine Special Operations Executive (SOE) during the Second World War. The purpose o ...
, French secret agent (d. 2008) * 1915
Fred Hoyle Sir Fred Hoyle FRS (24 June 1915 – 20 August 2001) was an English astronomer who formulated the theory of stellar nucleosynthesis and was one of the authors of the influential B2FH paper. He also held controversial stances on other sci ...
, English astronomer and author (d. 2001) * 1916
William B. Saxbe William Bart Saxbe ( ; June 24, 1916 – August 24, 2010) was an American diplomat and politician affiliated with the Republican Party, who served as a U.S. Senator for Ohio, and was the Attorney General for Presidents Richard M. Nixon and ...
, American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 70th
United States Attorney General The United States attorney general (AG) is the head of the United States Department of Justice, and is the chief law enforcement officer of the federal government of the United States. The attorney general serves as the principal advisor to the p ...
(d. 2010) * 1916 –
Saloua Raouda Choucair Saloua Raouda Choucair ( ar, سلوى روضة شقير; June 24, 1916 – January 26, 2017) was a Lebanese painter and sculptor. Life and career Born in 1916 in Ain el Mreisa, Beirut, Lebanon, Choucair came from a family of doctors, lawyers, ...
, Lebanese painter and sculptor (d. 2017) * 1917David Easton, Canadian-American political scientist and academic (d. 2014) * 1917 – Lucy Jarvis, American television producer (d. 2020) * 1917 –
Ramblin' Tommy Scott Ramblin' Tommy Scott (June 24, 1917 – September 30, 2013), aka "Doc" Tommy Scott, was an American country and rockabilly musician. Biography Thomas Scott was born outside of Toccoa, Georgia, United States, and began playing the guitar at a ...
, American singer and guitarist (d. 2013) * 1917 –
Joan Clarke Joan Elisabeth Lowther Murray, MBE (''née'' Clarke; 24 June 1917 – 4 September 1996) was an English cryptanalyst and numismatist best known for her work as a code-breaker at Bletchley Park during the Second World War. Although she did no ...
, English cryptanalyst and numismatist (d. 1996) *
1918 This year is noted for the end of the First World War, on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month, as well as for the Spanish flu pandemic that killed 50–100 million people worldwide. Events Below, the events ...
Mildred Ladner Thompson, American journalist and author (d. 2013) * 1918 –
Yong Nyuk Lin Yong Nyuk Lin ( zh, s=杨玉麟, p=Yáng Yùlín; 24 June 1918 – 29 June 2012) was a Singaporean politician who served as Minister for Communications between 1968 and 1975, Minister for Health between 1963 and 1968, and Minister for Educati ...
, Singaporean businessman and politician, Singaporean Minister for Education (d. 2012) * 1919
Al Molinaro Albert Francis Molinaro (born Umberto Francesco Molinaro; June 24, 1919 – October 30, 2015) was an American actor. He played Al Delvecchio on '' Happy Days'' and Officer Murray Greshler on '' The Odd Couple''. He also appeared in many televisio ...
, American actor (d. 2015) *
1921 Events January * January 2 ** The Association football club Cruzeiro Esporte Clube, from Belo Horizonte, is founded as the multi-sports club Palestra Italia by Italian expatriates in Brazil. ** The Spanish liner ''Santa Isabel'' bre ...
Gerhard Sommer, German soldier (d. 2019) *
1922 Events January * January 7 – Dáil Éireann (Irish Republic), Dáil Éireann, the parliament of the Irish Republic, ratifies the Anglo-Irish Treaty by 64–57 votes. * January 10 – Arthur Griffith is elected President of Dáil Éirean ...
Jack Carter, American actor and comedian (d. 2015) * 1922 – John Postgate, English microbiologist, author, and academic (d. 2014) * 1922 – Richard Timberlake, American economist (d.2020) * 1923
Margaret Olley Margaret Hannah Olley (24 June 192326 July 2011) was an Australian painter. She was the subject of more than ninety solo exhibitions. Early life Margaret Olley was born in Lismore, New South Wales. She was the eldest of three children of Jo ...
, Australian painter and philanthropist (d. 2011) *
1924 Events January * January 12 – Gopinath Saha shoots Ernest Day, whom he has mistaken for Sir Charles Tegart, the police commissioner of Calcutta, and is arrested soon after. * January 20– 30 – Kuomintang in China hold ...
Kurt Furgler, Swiss politician, 70th
President of the Swiss Confederation The president of the Swiss Confederation, also known as the president of the Confederation or colloquially as the president of Switzerland, is the head of Switzerland's seven-member Federal Council, the country's executive branch. Elected by ...
(d. 2008) * 1924 – Archie Roy, Scottish astronomer and academic (d. 2012) * 1924 – Yoshito Takamine, American politician (d. 2015) * 1925
Ogden Reid Ogden Rogers Reid (June 24, 1925 – March 2, 2019) was an American politician and diplomat. He was the U.S. Ambassador to Israel and a six-term United States Representative from Westchester County, New York. Early life Reid was born in New Y ...
, American politician (d. 2019) *
1927 Events January * January 1 – The British Broadcasting ''Company'' becomes the British Broadcasting ''Corporation'', when its Royal Charter of incorporation takes effect. John Reith becomes the first Director-General. * January 7 ...
Fernand Dumont Fernand Dumont (24 June 1927 – 1 May 1997) was a Canadian sociologist, philosopher, theologian, and poet from Quebec.James B. Edwards James Burrows Edwards (June 24, 1927 – December 26, 2014) was an American politician and administrator from South Carolina. He was the first Republican to be elected governor of South Carolina since the post-Civil War Reconstruction Era in the ...
, American dentist, soldier, and politician, 3rd United States Secretary of Energy (d. 2014) * 1927 –
Martin Lewis Perl Martin Lewis Perl (June 24, 1927 – September 30, 2014) was an American chemical engineer and physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1995 for his discovery of the tau lepton. Life and career Perl was born in New York City, New York. Hi ...
, American physicist and engineer,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
laureate (d. 2014) * 1929
Carolyn S. Shoemaker Carolyn Jean Spellmann Shoemaker (June 24, 1929 – August 13, 2021) was an American astronomer and a co-discoverer of Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9. She discovered 32 comets (then a record for the most by an individual) and more than 500 astero ...
, American astronomer (d. 2021) *
1930 Events January * January 15 – The Moon moves into its nearest point to Earth, called perigee, at the same time as its fullest phase of the Lunar Cycle. This is the closest moon distance at in recent history, and the next one will b ...
Claude Chabrol Claude Henri Jean Chabrol (; 24 June 1930 – 12 September 2010) was a French film director and a member of the French New Wave (''nouvelle vague'') group of filmmakers who first came to prominence at the end of the 1950s. Like his colleagues a ...
, French actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2010) * 1930 – Donald Gordon, South African businessman and philanthropist (d. 2019) * 1930 – William Bernard Ziff, Jr., American publisher (d. 2006) * 1931Billy Casper, American golfer (d. 2015) *
1932 Events January * January 4 – The British authorities in India arrest and intern Mahatma Gandhi and Vallabhbhai Patel. * January 9 – Sakuradamon Incident: Korean nationalist Lee Bong-chang fails in his effort to assassinate Emperor Hir ...
David McTaggart David Fraser McTaggart (June 24, 1932 – March 23, 2001) was a Canadian-born environmentalist who played a central part in the foundation of Greenpeace International. An excellent all-around athlete, as a young man he won three consecutive Ca ...
, Canadian-Italian environmentalist (d. 2001) *
1933 Events January * January 11 – Sir Charles Kingsford Smith makes the first commercial flight between Australia and New Zealand. * January 17 – The United States Congress votes in favour of Philippines independence, against the wis ...
Sam Jones, American basketball player and coach (d. 2021) * 1933 – Ngina Kenyatta, 1st First Lady of Kenya * 1934
Ferdinand Biwersi Ferdinand Biwersi (24 June 1934 – 4 September 2013) was a German football referee. Biwersi was a referee for the German Football Association between 1965 and 1978. He refereed 121 games in the Fußball-Bundesliga, and 27 games in the 2. Fuß ...
, German footballer and referee (d. 2013) * 1934 – Jean-Pierre Ferland, Canadian singer-songwriter * 1934 –
Gloria Christian Gloria Christian (born 24 June 1934) is an Italian Canzone Napoletana singer, mainly successful between the second half of the 1950s and the 1960s. Life and career Born in Bologna, the daughter of a Neapoletan trumpeter and of a Venetian mother, ...
, Italian singer *
1935 Events January * January 7 – Italian premier Benito Mussolini and French Foreign Minister Pierre Laval conclude an agreement, in which each power agrees not to oppose the other's colonial claims. * January 12 – Amelia Earhart ...
Terry Riley Terrence Mitchell "Terry" Riley (born June 24, 1935) is an American composer and performing musician best known as a pioneer of the minimalist school of composition. Influenced by jazz and Indian classical music, his music became notable for ...
, American composer and educator * 1935 –
Jean Milesi Jean Milesi (born 24 June 1935) is a French former professional racing cyclist. He rode in seven editions of the Tour de France The Tour de France () is an annual men's multiple-stage bicycle race primarily held in France, while also occ ...
, French racing cyclist * 1935 – Charlie Dees, American baseball player * 1936Robert Downey Sr., American actor and director (d. 2021) *
1937 Events January * January 1 – Anastasio Somoza García becomes President of Nicaragua. * January 5 – Water levels begin to rise in the Ohio River in the United States, leading to the Ohio River flood of 1937, which continues into ...
Anita Desai, Indian-American author and academic *
1938 Events January * January 1 ** The new constitution of Estonia enters into force, which many consider to be the ending of the Era of Silence and the authoritarian regime. ** State-owned railway networks are created by merger, in France ...
Lawrence Block Lawrence Block (born June 24, 1938) is an American crime writer best known for two long-running New York-set series about the recovering alcoholic P.I. Matthew Scudder and the gentleman burglar Bernie Rhodenbarr. Block was named a Grand Mast ...
, American author * 1938 –
Abulfaz Elchibey Abulfaz Elchibey ( az, Əbülfəz Elçibəy; 24 June 1938, in Nakhchivan – 22 August 2000, in Ankara) was an Azerbaijani political figure and a former Soviet dissident. His real name was Abulfaz Gadirgulu oghlu Aliyev (Azerbaijani: ''Əbülf ...
, Azerbaijani politician, 1st democratically elected Azerbaijani president (d. 2000) * 1938 – Ken Gray, New Zealand rugby player (d. 1992) *
1939 This year also marks the start of the Second World War, the largest and deadliest conflict in human history. Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 ** Third Reich *** Jews are forbidden to ...
Brigitte Fontaine Brigitte Fontaine, (born 24 June 1939) is a singer of avant-garde music. She has employed numerous unusual musical styles, melding rock and roll, folk, jazz, electronica, spoken word poetry, and world. She has collaborated with Stereolab, Mic ...
, French singer * 1940Ian Ross, Australian newsreader (d. 2014) * 1940 –
Vittorio Storaro Vittorio Storaro, A.S.C., A.I.C. (born 24 June 1940) is an Italian cinematographer widely recognized as one of the best and most influential in cinema history, for his work on numerous classic films including '' The Conformist,'' '' Apocalypse No ...
, Italian cinematographer *
1941 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January–August – 10,072 men, women and children with mental and physical disabilities are asphyxiated with carbon monoxide in a gas chamber, at Hadamar E ...
Erkin Koray Erkin Koray (; born 24 June 1941) is a Turkish musician, electro-baglama player, and active in Anatolian rock. Career Koray has been in the Turkish folk music scene since the late 1950s. In 1957, he and his band began playing covers of Elvis P ...
, Turkish singer-songwriter and guitarist * 1941 –
Julia Kristeva Julia Kristeva (; born Yuliya Stoyanova Krasteva, bg, Юлия Стоянова Кръстева; on 24 June 1941) is a Bulgarian-French philosopher, literary critic, semiotician, psychoanalyst, feminist, and, most recently, novelist, who ha ...
, Bulgarian-French psychoanalyst and author * 1941 –
Graham McKenzie Graham Douglas McKenzie (born 24 June 1941) – commonly known as "Garth", after the comic strip hero – is an Australian cricketer who played for Western Australia (1960–74), Leicestershire (1969–75), Transvaal (1979–80) and Australi ...
, Australian cricketer * 1942Arthur Brown, English rock singer-songwriter * 1942 – Michele Lee, American actress and singer * 1942 – Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle, Chilean engineer and politician, 32nd
President of Chile The president of Chile ( es, Presidente de Chile), officially known as the President of the Republic of Chile ( es, Presidente de la República de Chile), is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of Chile. The president is re ...
* 1942 –
Colin Groves Colin Peter Groves (24 June 1942 – 30 November 2017) was a British-Australian biologist and anthropologist. Groves was Professor of Biological Anthropology at the Australian National University in Canberra, Australia. Education Born in Englan ...
, Australian academician and educator (d. 2017) * 1943Birgit Grodal, Danish economist and academic (d. 2004) *
1944 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 2 – WWII: ** Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command French Army B, part of the Sixth United States Army Group in ...
Jeff Beck Geoffrey Arnold Beck (born 24 June 1944) is an English rock guitarist. He rose to prominence with the Yardbirds and after fronted the Jeff Beck Group and Beck, Bogert & Appice. In 1975, he switched to a mainly instrumental style, with a fo ...
, English guitarist and songwriter * 1944 – Kathryn Lasky, American author * 1944 – Chris Wood, English saxophonist (d. 1983) * 1945Colin Blunstone, English singer-songwriter * 1945 –
Wayne Cashman Wayne Cashman (born June 24, 1945) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player and coach. He played seventeen seasons for the Boston Bruins of the National Hockey League (NHL) and helped them win the Stanley Cup twice, and was the last ac ...
, Canadian ice hockey player and coach * 1945 – George Pataki, American lawyer and politician, 53rd
Governor of New York The governor of New York is the head of government of the U.S. state of New York. The governor is the head of the executive branch of New York's state government and the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces. The governor h ...
* 1945 – Betty Stöve, Dutch tennis player *
1946 Events January * January 6 - The first general election ever in Vietnam is held. * January 7 – The Allies recognize the Austrian republic with its 1937 borders, and divide the country into four occupation zones. * January 10 ** The ...
David Collenette, Canadian civil servant and politician, 32nd Canadian Minister of National Defence * 1946 –
Ellison Onizuka was an American astronaut, engineer, and USAF test pilot from Kealakekua, Hawaii, who successfully flew into space with the Space Shuttle ''Discovery'' on STS-51-C. He died in the destruction of the Space Shuttle ''Challenger'', on which he ...
, American engineer, and astronaut (d. 1986) * 1946 – Robert Reich, American economist and politician, 22nd
United States Secretary of Labor The United States Secretary of Labor is a member of the Cabinet of the United States, and as the head of the United States Department of Labor, controls the department, and enforces and suggests laws involving unions, the workplace, and all ot ...
*
1947 It was the first year of the Cold War, which would last until 1991, ending with the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Events January * January–February – Winter of 1946–47 in the United Kingdom: The worst snowfall in the country i ...
Clarissa Dickson Wright Clarissa Theresa Philomena Aileen Mary Josephine Agnes Elsie Trilby Louise Esmerelda Dickson Wright (24 June 1947 – 15 March 2014) was an English celebrity cook, television personality, writer, businesswoman, and former barrister. She was be ...
, English chef, author, and television personality (d. 2014) * 1947 –
Mick Fleetwood Michael John Kells Fleetwood (born 24 June 1947) is a British musician, songwriter and occasional actor. He is best known as the drummer, co-founder, and leader of the rock band Fleetwood Mac. Fleetwood, whose surname was merged with that of t ...
, English-American drummer * 1947 –
Peter Weller Peter Weller (born June 24, 1947) is an American film and stage actor, television director, and art historian. He has appeared in more than 70 films and television series, including '' RoboCop'' (1987) and its sequel '' RoboCop 2'' (1990), in wh ...
, American actor and director *
1948 Events January * January 1 ** The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) is inaugurated. ** The Constitution of New Jersey (later subject to amendment) goes into effect. ** The railways of Britain are nationalized, to form British ...
Patrick Moraz Patrick Philippe Moraz (born 24 June 1948) is a Swiss musician, film composer and songwriter, best known for his tenures as keyboardist in the rock bands Yes and The Moody Blues. Born into a musical family, Moraz learned music at a young age a ...
, Swiss keyboard player and songwriter *
1949 Events January * January 1 – A United Nations-sponsored ceasefire brings an end to the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947. The war results in a stalemate and the division of Kashmir, which still continues as of 2022. * January 2 – Luis ...
John Illsley, English singer-songwriter, bass player, and producer * 1949 –
Betty Jackson Betty Jackson, (born 24 June 1949) is an English fashion designer based in London, England. She was born in Lancashire. In 2007, her success in British fashion was recognised with first an MBE in the Queen's Birthday Honours 1987 and later wi ...
, English fashion designer * 1950Nancy Allen, American actress * 1950 – Bob Carlos Clarke, Irish-born English photographer (d. 2006) * 1950 – Jan Kulczyk, Polish businessman (d. 2015) * 1950 – Mercedes Lackey, American author *1951 – Raelene Boyle, Australian sprinter * 1951 – Charles Sturridge, English director, producer, and screenwriter *1952 – Dianna Melrose, English diplomat, List of High Commissioners of the United Kingdom to Tanzania, British High Commissioner to Tanzania * 1952 – Bob Neill, English lawyer and politician *1953 – William E. Moerner, American chemist and physicist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate * 1953 – Michael Tuck, Australian footballer and coach *1955 – Chris Higgins (academic), Chris Higgins, English geneticist and academic * 1955 – Edmund Malura, German footballer and manager * 1955 – Loren Roberts, American golfer *1956 – Owen Paterson, English politician, Secretary of State for Northern Ireland * 1957 – Mark Parkinson (Kansas politician), Mark Parkinson, American lawyer and politician, 45th Governor of Kansas *1958 – Jean Charest, Canadian lawyer and politician, 5th Deputy Prime Minister of Canada * 1958 – Silvio Mondinelli, Italian mountaineer * 1958 – John Tortorella, American ice hockey player and coach *1959 – Andy McCluskey, English singer-songwriter, bass player, and producer *
1960 It is also known as the "Year of Africa" because of major events—particularly the independence of seventeen African nations—that focused global attention on the continent and intensified feelings of Pan-Africanism. Events January * Ja ...
– Elish Angiolini, Scottish lawyer, judge, and politician, Solicitor General for Scotland * 1960 – Siedah Garrett, American singer-songwriter and pianist * 1960 – Karin Pilsäter, Swedish accountant and politician * 1960 – Erik Poppe, Norwegian director, cinematographer, and screenwriter *1961 – Dennis Danell, American singer and guitarist (d. 2000) * 1961 – Iain Glen, Scottish actor * 1961 – Bernie Nicholls, Canadian ice hockey player and coach * 1961 – Ralph E. Reed, Jr., American journalist and activist * 1961 – Curt Smith, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer * 1963 – Yuri Kasparyan, Russian guitarist * 1963 – Preki, Serbian-American soccer player and coach * 1963 – Mike Wieringo, American author and illustrator (d. 2007) *1964 – Jean-Luc Delarue, French television host and producer (d. 2012) * 1964 – Kathryn Parminter, Baroness Parminter, English politician * 1964 – Gary Suter, American ice hockey player and scout *1965 – Claude Bourbonnais, Canadian race car driver * 1965 – Uwe Krupp, German ice hockey player and coach * 1965 – Richard Lumsden, English actor, writer, composer and musician *1966 – Hope Sandoval, American singer-songwriter and musician * 1966 – Adrienne Shelly, American actress, director, and screenwriter (d. 2006) *1967 – Janez Lapajne, Slovenian director and producer * 1967 – John Limniatis, Greek-Canadian footballer and manager *1968 – Alaa Abdelnaby, Egyptian-American basketball player and sportscaster *1970 – Glenn Medeiros, American singer-songwriter and guitarist * 1970 – Bernardo Sassetti, Portuguese pianist, composer, and educator (d. 2012) *1972 – Robbie McEwen, Australian cyclist * 1972 – Denis Žvegelj, Slovenian rower * 1973 – Alexis Gauthier, French chef * 1973 – Jere Lehtinen, Finnish ice hockey player *1974 – Dan Byles, English sailor, rower, and politician * 1974 – Chris Guccione (umpire), Chris Guccione, American baseball player and umpire *
1975 It was also declared the ''International Women's Year'' by the United Nations and the European Architectural Heritage Year by the Council of Europe. Events January * January 1 - Watergate scandal (United States): John N. Mitchell, H. R. ...
– Marek Malík, Czech ice hockey player * 1975 – Federico Pucciariello, Argentinian-Italian rugby player *1976 – Brock Olivo, American football player and coach *1977 – Dimos Dikoudis, Greek basketball player and manager * 1977 – Jeff Farmer (footballer), Jeff Farmer, Australian footballer *1978 – Luis García (footballer, born 1978), Luis García, Spanish footballer * 1978 – Pantelis Kafes, Greek footballer * 1978 – Shunsuke Nakamura, Japanese footballer * 1978 – Ariel Pink, American singer-songwriter * 1978 – Juan Román Riquelme, Argentinian footballer * 1978 – Emppu Vuorinen, Finnish guitarist and songwriter *1979 – Mindy Kaling, American actress and producer * 1979 – Petra Němcová, Czech model and philanthropist *1980 – Cicinho, Brazilian footballer * 1980 – Nina Dübbers, German tennis player * 1980 – Andrew Jones (racing driver), Andrew Jones, Australian race car driver * 1980 – Minka Kelly, American actress *
1982 Events January * January 1 – In Malaysia and Singapore, clocks are adjusted to the same time zone, UTC+8 (GMT+8.00). * January 13 – Air Florida Flight 90 crashes shortly after takeoff into the 14th Street Bridge in Washington, D.C ...
– Kevin Nolan, English footballer * 1982 – Jarret Stoll, Canadian ice hockey player *1983 – Rebecca Cooke, English swimmer * 1983 – Gianni Munari, Italian footballer * 1983 – Gard Nilssen, Norwegian drummer * 1983 – David Shillington, Australian rugby league player *1984 – Andrea Raggi, Italian footballer * 1984 – JJ Redick, American basketball player * 1984 – Johanna Welin, Swedish-born German wheelchair basketball player *1985 – Diego Alves Carreira, Brazilian footballer * 1985 – Tom Kennedy (English footballer), Tom Kennedy, English footballer * 1985 – Nate Myles, Australian rugby league player * 1985 – Vernon Philander, South African cricketer * 1985 – Yukina Shirakawa, Japanese model *1986 – Stuart Broad, English cricketer * 1986 – Phil Hughes, American baseball player * 1986 – Solange Knowles, American singer-songwriter and actress *1987 – Simona Dobrá, Czech tennis player * 1987 – Lionel Messi, Argentinian footballer * 1987 – Pierre Vaultier, French snowboarder *1988 – Micah Richards, English footballer *
1989 File:1989 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Cypress Street Viaduct, Cypress structure collapses as a result of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, killing motorists below; The proposal document for the World Wide Web is submitted; The Exxo ...
– Teklemariam Medhin, Eritrean runner *1990 – Michael Del Zotto, Canadian ice hockey player * 1990 – Richard Sukuta-Pasu, German footballer *1991 – Yasmin Paige, English actress * 1991 – Aidan Sezer, Australian rugby league player *1992 – David Alaba, Austrian footballer *1996 – Duki (rapper), Duki, Argentinian rapper *
2004 2004 was designated as an International Year of Rice by the United Nations, and the International Year to Commemorate the Struggle Against Slavery and its Abolition (by UNESCO). Events January * January 3 – Flash Airlines Flight ...
– Erika Andreeva, Russian tennis player


Deaths


Pre-1600

*1046 – Jeongjong, 10th Monarch of Goryeo, Jeongjong II, Korean ruler (b. 1018) *1088 – William de Warenne, 1st Earl of Surrey, Norman nobleman *
1314 Events * March 18 – Jacques de Molay, the 23rd and last Grand Master of the Knights Templar, is burned at the stake in Paris, France. * April 4 – Exeter College, Oxford is founded in England by Walter de Stapledon, Bishop of Ex ...
– Gilbert de Clare, 8th Earl of Gloucester, English commander (b. 1291) * 1314 – Robert de Clifford, 1st Baron de Clifford, English soldier and politician, Lord Warden of the Marches (b. 1274) *1398 – Hongwu Emperor, Hongwu, Chinese emperor (b. 1328) *1439 – Frederick IV, Duke of Austria, Frederick IV, duke of Austria (b. 1382) *1503 – Reginald Bray, English architect and politician, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (b. 1440) * 1519 – Lucrezia Borgia, Italian wife of Alfonso I d'Este, Duke of Ferrara (b. 1480) *1520 – Hosokawa Sumimoto, Japanese commander (b. 1489)


1601–1900

*
1604 Events January–June * January 1 – ''The Masque of Indian and China Knights'' is performed by courtiers of James VI and I at Hampton Court. * January 14 – The Hampton Court Conference is held between James I of England, ...
– Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford, English courtier, Lord Great Chamberlain (b. 1550) *1637 – Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc, French astronomer and historian (b. 1580) *1643 – John Hampden, English politician (b. 1595) *1766 – Adrien Maurice de Noailles, French soldier and politician, Minister of Foreign Affairs (France), French Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1678) *1778 – Pieter Burman the Younger, Dutch philologist and academic (b. 1714) *1803 – Matthew Thornton, Irish-American judge and politician (b. 1714) *1817 – Thomas McKean, American lawyer and politician, 2nd Governor of Pennsylvania (b. 1734) * 1835 – Andreas Vokos Miaoulis, Greek admiral and politician (b. 1769)


1901–present

*1902 – George Leake, Australian politician, 2nd Premier of Western Australia (b. 1856) * 1908 – Grover Cleveland, American lawyer and politician, 22nd and 24th President of the United States (b. 1837) * 1909 – Sarah Orne Jewett, American novelist, short story writer, and poet (b. 1849) *
1922 Events January * January 7 – Dáil Éireann (Irish Republic), Dáil Éireann, the parliament of the Irish Republic, ratifies the Anglo-Irish Treaty by 64–57 votes. * January 10 – Arthur Griffith is elected President of Dáil Éirean ...
– Walther Rathenau, German businessman and politician, 7th Minister for Foreign Affairs (Germany), German Minister for Foreign Affairs (b. 1867) * 1923 – Edith Södergran, Swedish-speaking population of Finland, Swedish-Finnish poet (b. 1892) * 1931 – Otto Mears, Russian-American businessman (b. 1840) * 1931 – Xiang Zhongfa, Chinese politician, 2nd
General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party The general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party () is the head of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), the sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Since 1989, the CCP general secretary has been the paramount lead ...
(b. 1880) *
1932 Events January * January 4 – The British authorities in India arrest and intern Mahatma Gandhi and Vallabhbhai Patel. * January 9 – Sakuradamon Incident: Korean nationalist Lee Bong-chang fails in his effort to assassinate Emperor Hir ...
– Ernst Põdder, Estonian general (b. 1879) * 1943 – Camille Roy (literary critic), Camille Roy, Canadian priest and critic (b. 1870) *
1946 Events January * January 6 - The first general election ever in Vietnam is held. * January 7 – The Allies recognize the Austrian republic with its 1937 borders, and divide the country into four occupation zones. * January 10 ** The ...
– Louise Whitfield Carnegie, American philanthropist (b. 1857) *
1947 It was the first year of the Cold War, which would last until 1991, ending with the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Events January * January–February – Winter of 1946–47 in the United Kingdom: The worst snowfall in the country i ...
– Emil Seidel, American politician, Mayor of Milwaukee (b. 1864) *1962 – Volfgangs Dārziņš, Latvian composer, pianist and music critic (b. 1906) *1964 – Stuart Davis (painter), Stuart Davis, American painter and academic (b. 1892) *1969 – Frank King (cartoonist), Frank King, American cartoonist (b. 1883) * 1969 – Willy Ley, German-American historian and author (b. 1906) *
1975 It was also declared the ''International Women's Year'' by the United Nations and the European Architectural Heritage Year by the Council of Europe. Events January * January 1 - Watergate scandal (United States): John N. Mitchell, H. R. ...
– Wendell Ladner, Professional Basketball Player in the ABA *1976 – Minor White, American photographer, critic, and academic (b. 1908) *1978 – Robert Charroux, French author and critic (b. 1909) *1980 – V. V. Giri, Indian lawyer and politician, 4th President of India (b. 1894) *1984 – Clarence Campbell, Canadian businessman (b. 1905) *1987 – Jackie Gleason, American actor, comedian, and producer (b. 1916) *1988 – Csaba Kesjár, Hungarian race car driver (b. 1962) *1991 – Sumner Locke Elliott, Australian-American author and playwright (b. 1917) * 1991 – Rufino Tamayo, Mexican painter and illustrator (b. 1899) *1994 – Jean Vallerand, Canadian violinist, composer, and conductor (b. 1915) *
1995 File:1995 Events Collage V2.png, From left, clockwise: O.J. Simpson is acquitted of the murders of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman from the year prior in "The Trial of the Century" in the United States; The Great Hanshin earthquake str ...
– Andrew J. Transue, American politician and attorney ''Morissette v. United States'' (b. 1903) *1997 – Brian Keith, American actor (b. 1921) *2000 – Vera Atkins, British intelligence officer (b. 1908) * 2000 – David Tomlinson, English actor and comedian (b. 1917) * 2000 – Rodrigo Bueno, Argentine cuarteto singer (b. 1973) *2001 – Konstantin Gerchik, the second head of the world's first cosmodrome — "Baikonur" (1958-1961). *
2002 File:2002 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 2002 Winter Olympics are held in Salt Lake City; Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother and her daughter Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon die; East Timor gains East Timor independence, indepe ...
– Pierre Werner, Luxembourgian banker and politician, 21st Prime Minister of Luxembourg (b. 1913) *
2004 2004 was designated as an International Year of Rice by the United Nations, and the International Year to Commemorate the Struggle Against Slavery and its Abolition (by UNESCO). Events January * January 3 – Flash Airlines Flight ...
– Ifigeneia Giannopoulou, Greek songwriter and author (b. 1957) *2005 – Paul Winchell, American actor, voice artist, and ventriloquist (b. 1922) *2007 – Natasja Saad, Danish rapper and reggae singer (b. 1974) * 2007 – Chris Benoit, Canadian wrestler (b. 1967) * 2007 – Derek Dougan, Northern Irish footballer and manager (b. 1938) *2008 – Gerhard Ringel, Austrian mathematician and academic (b. 1919) *2009 – Roméo LeBlanc, Canadian journalist and politician, 25th Governor General of Canada (b. 1927) *
2010 File:2010 Events Collage New.png, From top left, clockwise: The 2010 Chile earthquake was one of the strongest recorded in history; The Eruption of Eyjafjallajökull in Iceland disrupts air travel in Europe; A scene from the opening ceremony of ...
– Fred Anderson (musician), Fred Anderson, American jazz tenor saxophonist (b. 1929) *2011 – Tomislav Ivić, Croatian football coach and manager (b. 1933) *
2012 File:2012 Events Collage V3.png, From left, clockwise: The passenger cruise ship Costa Concordia lies capsized after the Costa Concordia disaster; Damage to Casino Pier in Seaside Heights, New Jersey as a result of Hurricane Sandy; People gat ...
– Darrel Akerfelds, American baseball player and coach (b. 1962) * 2012 – Gad Beck, German author and educator (b. 1923) * 2012 – Gu Chaohao, Chinese mathematician and academic (b. 1926) * 2012 – Miki Roqué, Spanish footballer (b. 1988) * 2012 – Ann C. Scales, American lawyer, educator, and activist (b. 1952) *
2013 File:2013 Events Collage V2.png, From left, clockwise: Edward Snowden becomes internationally famous for leaking classified NSA wiretapping information; Typhoon Haiyan kills over 6,000 in the Philippines and Southeast Asia; The Dhaka garment fa ...
– Mick Aston, English archaeologist and academic (b. 1946) * 2013 – Emilio Colombo, Italian politician, 40th Prime Minister of Italy (b. 1920) * 2013 – Joannes Gijsen, Dutch bishop (b. 1932) * 2013 – William Hathaway, American lawyer and politician (b. 1924) * 2013 – James Martin (author), James Martin, English-Bermudian computer scientist and author (b. 1933) * 2013 – Alan Myers (drummer), Alan Myers, American drummer (b. 1955) *2014 – John Clement (Ontario politician), John Clement, Canadian lawyer and politician (b. 1928) * 2014 – Olga Kotelko, Canadian runner and softball player (b. 1919) * 2014 – Ramón José Velásquez, Venezuelan journalist, lawyer, and politician, President of Venezuela (b. 1916) * 2014 – Eli Wallach, American actor (b. 1915) *2015 – Cristiano Araújo, Brazilian singer-songwriter (b. 1986) * 2015 – Mario Biaggi, American police officer, politician and criminal (b. 1917) * 2015 – Marva Collins, American author and educator (b. 1936) * 2015 – Susan Ahn Cuddy, American lieutenant (b. 1915) *
2021 File:2021 collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: the James Webb Space Telescope was launched in 2021; Protesters in Yangon, Myanmar following the coup d'état; A civil demonstration against the October 2021 coup in Sudan; Crowd shortly after t ...
– Benigno Aquino III, 15th President of the Philippines (b. 1960) * 2021 – Trần Thiện Khiêm, 7th Prime Minister of the Republic of Vietnam, Prime Minister of South Vietnam and army officer (b. 1925)


Holidays and observances

* Armed Forces Day, Army Day or Battle of Carabobo, Battle of Carabobo Day (
Venezuela Venezuela (; ), officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela ( es, link=no, República Bolivariana de Venezuela), is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many islands and islets in th ...
) * Battle of Bannockburn, Bannockburn Day (Scotland) * Christian feast day: ** María Guadalupe García Zavala ** Nativity of Saint John the Baptist ** June 24 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) * Day of the Caboclo (Amazonas (Brazilian state), Amazonas, Brazil) *Inti Raymi, a winter solstice festival and a New Year in the Andes of the Southern Hemisphere (Sacsayhuamán) * Nativity of St John the Baptist, St John's Day and the second day of the Midsummer, Midsummer celebrations (although this is not the astronomical summer solstice, see June 20) (Roman Catholic Church, Europe), and its related observances: ** Enyovden (
Bulgaria Bulgaria (; bg, България, Bǎlgariya), officially the Republic of Bulgaria,, ) is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern flank of the Balkans, and is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Macedo ...
) ** St John's Day (Estonia), Jaanipäev (Estonia) ** Jāņi (Latvia) ** Jónsmessa (Iceland) ** Midsummer, Midsummer Day (England) ** Saint Jonas' Festival or ''Joninės'' (Lithuania) ** Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day (Quebec) ** Sânziene (western Carpathian Mountains of Romania) ** Wattah Wattah Festival (
Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...
) * Fors Fortuna, Religion in ancient Rome, ancient Roman festival to Fortuna


References


External links

* * * {{DEFAULTSORT:June 24 Days of the year June