July 1960
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The following events occurred in July 1960:


July 1 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his Roman legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as Emperor. * 552 – Battle of Taginae: Byzantine forces under Narses defeat the Ostrogoths in Italy, and the ...
, 1960 (Friday)

*The Army Ballistic Missile Agency at
Redstone Arsenal Redstone Arsenal (RSA) is a United States Army post and a census-designated place (CDP) adjacent to Huntsville in Madison County, Alabama, United States and is part of the Huntsville-Decatur Combined Statistical Area. The Arsenal is a garrison f ...
in Huntsville, Alabama, became the
Marshall Space Flight Center The George C. Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), located in Redstone Arsenal, Alabama (Huntsville postal address), is the U.S. government's civilian rocketry and spacecraft propulsion research center. As the largest NASA center, MSFC's first ...
, a field center of the civilian
National Aeronautics and Space Administration The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA ) is an independent agency of the US federal government responsible for the civil space program, aeronautics research, and space research. NASA was established in 1958, succeeding th ...
. Wernher von Braun was the center's first director. *The Belgian Congo assumed the name
République du Congo The Republic of the Congo (french: République du Congo, ln, Republíki ya Kongó), also known as Congo-Brazzaville, the Congo Republic or simply either Congo or the Congo, is a country located in the western coast of Central Africa to the w ...
(Republic of Congo), the same name that the former French Congo had assumed in 1958. To prevent confusion while acknowledging their independence, the two nations would be distinguished in the press by their national capitals, with the former Belgian colony being called "Congo-Leopoldville" and its neighbor "Congo-Brazzaville". In 1964, Congo-Leopoldville was officially given its current name, "République démocratique du Congo" (Democratic Republic of Congo). *A Soviet MiG fighter north of Murmansk in the Barents Sea shot down a 6-man
RB-47 The Boeing B-47 Stratojet (Boeing company designation Model 450) is a retired American long-Range (aeronautics), range, six-engined, turbojet-powered strategic bomber designed to fly at high subsonic flight, subsonic speed and at high altitude ...
. Two United States Air Force officers, First Lts. John R. McKone and Freeman B. Olmstead, survived and were imprisoned in Moscow's Lubyanka prison. The pilot, Major Willard Palm, was killed and his body recovered. The other three crewmen's fates are unknown. The Soviets announced the capture of the men ten days later. The men were finally released on January 25, 1961. * Italian Somaliland gained its independence from Italy, five days after
British Somaliland British Somaliland, officially the Somaliland Protectorate ( so, Dhulka Maxmiyada Soomaalida ee Biritishka), was a British Empire, British protectorate in present-day Somaliland. During its existence, the territory was bordered by Italian Soma ...
, and merged into the Somali Republic. Aden Abdullah Othman, leader of the Italian Somaliland legislature, was elected president, and Abdirashid Ali Shermake became prime minister. *In front of a crowd of more than 10,000 spectators, Captain Antony Easterbrook of the UK's
Royal Marines The Corps of Royal Marines (RM), also known as the Royal Marines Commandos, are the UK's special operations capable commando force, amphibious light infantry and also one of the five fighting arms of the Royal Navy. The Corps of Royal Marine ...
fell to his death when a coupling link failed as he performed a " death slide" during a military tattoo at
Madison Square Garden Madison Square Garden, colloquially known as The Garden or by its initials MSG, is a multi-purpose indoor arena in New York City. It is located in Midtown Manhattan between Seventh and Eighth avenues from 31st to 33rd Street, above Pennsylva ...
in New York City. * Ghana became a
republic A republic () is a "state in which power rests with the people or their representatives; specifically a state without a monarchy" and also a "government, or system of government, of such a state." Previously, especially in the 17th and 18th c ...
, with Prime Minister
Kwame Nkrumah Kwame Nkrumah (born 21 September 190927 April 1972) was a Ghanaian politician, political theorist, and revolutionary. He was the first Prime Minister and President of Ghana, having led the Gold Coast to independence from Britain in 1957. An in ...
as its first President. The Earl of Listowel had served on behalf of Queen Elizabeth II as Governor-General of Ghana.


July 2, 1960 (Saturday)

*Former U.S. President
Harry S. Truman Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884December 26, 1972) was the 33rd president of the United States, serving from 1945 to 1953. A leader of the Democratic Party, he previously served as the 34th vice president from January to April 1945 under Franklin ...
said at a news conference in Independence, Missouri, that Democratic Party frontrunner John F. Kennedy lacked the maturity to be president, and that Kennedy should decline the nomination. Kennedy responded two days later, saying "I have encountered and survived every kind of hazard and opposition, and I do not intend to withdraw my name now, on the eve of the convention." *A riot broke out during the Newport Jazz Festival in Newport, Rhode Island, after a crowd of about 3,000 people, mostly white, were angry about a lack of seating for the concerts. Order was not restored until three companies of the state National Guard were sent in. *Born:
Joanna Helbin Joanna Helbin (born 2 July 1960) is a Polish archer. She competed in the women's individual and team events at the 1988 Summer Olympics The 1988 Summer Olympics (), officially known as the Games of the XXIV Olympiad () and commonly known ...
, Polish archer; in Prudnik


July 3, 1960 (Sunday)

*A bolt of lightning struck a group of religious pilgrims as they carried a statue of the Virgin Mary to the summit of Mount Bisalta, near Cuneo in Italy. Four were killed and 30 more injured. *The French Grand Prix was held at
Reims-Gueux The circuit Reims-Gueux was a Grand Prix motor racing road course, located in Gueux, Marne, Gueux, 7.5 km (5 miles) west of Reims in the Champagne (historical province), Champagne region of north-eastern France, established in 1926 as the sec ...
and won by Jack Brabham. *Born: Vince Clarke, English synth-pop musician and songwriter; in South Woodford, Essex


July 4, 1960 (Monday)

*For the first time, a 50-star
flag of the United States The national flag of the United States, United States of America, often referred to as the ''American flag'' or the ''U.S. flag'', consists of thirteen equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom) alternating with white, with a blue rect ...
was hoisted, raised at (EDT), at the Fort McHenry National Monument in Baltimore, and at the U.S. Capitol in Washington. At the time, there were only seven places in the United States where the national flag was permitted to be flown during hours of darkness.


July 5, 1960 (Tuesday)

* Lyndon B. Johnson of Texas, the
U.S. Senate Majority Leader The positions of majority leader and minority leader are held by two United States senators and members of the party leadership of the United States Senate. They serve as the chief spokespersons for their respective political parties holding t ...
, announced that he would seek, and expected that he would receive, the presidential nomination at the upcoming
Democratic National Convention The Democratic National Convention (DNC) is a series of presidential nominating conventions held every four years since 1832 by the United States Democratic Party. They have been administered by the Democratic National Committee since the 1852 ...
. Johnson asserted that front-runner John F. Kennedy had less than 600 of the required 701 delegates needed for a nomination, and that Johnson had at least 500. The only other candidate for the nomination was Senator Stuart Symington. *The " Congo Crisis" began as the army in the newly independent
Republic of Congo The Republic of the Congo (french: République du Congo, ln, Republíki ya Kongó), also known as Congo-Brazzaville, the Congo Republic or simply either Congo or the Congo, is a country located in the western coast of Central Africa to the w ...
mutinied and attacked European civilians after the Belgian commander, Lt. Gen. Émile Janssens, tried to enforce discipline. Europeans fled from Léopoldville where the mutiny started.


July 6, 1960 (Wednesday)

*The United States cut its orders for sugar from Cuba by 95 percent, following a July 2 authorization by Congress giving President Eisenhower the power to decrease the quota of sugar purchases. * Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand, became the first monarch in history to ride on the
New York City Subway The New York City Subway is a rapid transit system owned by the government of New York City and leased to the New York City Transit Authority, an affiliate agency of the state-run Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA). Opened on October 2 ...
. *Eighteen men were killed in the crash of a U.S. Navy blimp off the coast of Barnegat Light, New Jersey. *Died:
Aneurin Bevan Aneurin "Nye" Bevan PC (; 15 November 1897 – 6 July 1960) was a Welsh Labour Party politician, noted for tenure as Minister of Health in Clement Attlee's government in which he spearheaded the creation of the British National Health ...
, 62, Welsh politician, British Minister of Health (1945–51), and chief architect of the UK's National Health Service.


July 7, 1960 (Thursday)

*In one of the most shocking cases in the history of Australia, 8-year-old Graeme Thorne was kidnapped and murdered by Stephen Bradley. He demanded a ransom of £25,000 after his parents, Bazil and Freda, won in a lottery over a month prior. On August 16, nearly six weeks after the kidnapping, Sydney police would discover Thorne's body wrapped around a blue tartan picnic blanket and tied with string. On October 10, Bradley was captured by two Sydney policemen, Sergeants Brian Doyle and Jack Bateman, who were waiting for him on the SS ''Himalaya'' while it was docked at Colombo,
Ceylon Sri Lanka (, ; si, ශ්‍රී ලංකා, Śrī Laṅkā, translit-std=ISO (); ta, இலங்கை, Ilaṅkai, translit-std=ISO ()), formerly known as Ceylon and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an ...
. He was extradited back to Australia where he was sentenced to penal servitude for life. Bradley would later die of a heart attack in 1968 in the
Goulburn Correctional Centre The Goulburn Correctional Centre, (also known as The Circle) is an Australian supermaximum security prison for males. It is located in Goulburn, New South Wales, three kilometres north-east of the central business district. The facility is operat ...
while playing in a gaol tennis competition. *The Antarctica Service Medal was established by the United States Congress under Public Law 600 of the 86th Congress. * Police fired on a crowd of Italian demonstrators in
Reggio Emilia Reggio nell'Emilia ( egl, Rèz; la, Regium Lepidi), usually referred to as Reggio Emilia, or simply Reggio by its inhabitants, and known until 1861 as Reggio di Lombardia, is a city in northern Italy, in the Emilia-Romagna region. It has abou ...
, killing five people and injuring 30.


July 8 Events Pre-1600 * 1099 – Some 15,000 starving Christian soldiers begin the siege of Jerusalem by marching in a religious procession around the city as its Muslim defenders watch. * 1283 – Roger of Lauria, commanding the Aragonese ...
, 1960 (Friday)

*The Havana Sugar Kings minor league baseball team, part of the AAA
International League The International League (IL) is a Minor League Baseball league that operates in the United States. Along with the Pacific Coast League, it is one of two leagues playing at the Triple-A level, which is one grade below Major League Baseball ...
(IL), was ordered moved to
Jersey City, New Jersey Jersey City is the second-most populous city in the U.S. state of New Jersey, after Newark.Frank Shaughnessy Francis Joseph "Shag" Shaughnessy (April 8, 1883 – May 15, 1969) was an American athlete and sports executive. Shaughnessy played both baseball and football and was an executive in baseball, football and ice hockey. He was born in the United S ...
. *Born: ** Mal Meninga, Australian Rugby League player; in
Bundaberg Bundaberg is a city in the Bundaberg Region, Queensland, Australia, and is the tenth largest city in the state. Bundaberg's regional area has a population of 70,921, and is a major centre of the Wide Bay–Burnett geographical region. The Bun ...
, Queensland ** Yann LeCun, French computer scientist; in Soisy-sous-Montmorency *Died:
Werner Meyer-Eppler Werner Meyer-Eppler (30 April 1913 – 8 July 1960), was a Belgian-born German physicist, experimental acoustician, phoneticist and information theorist. Meyer-Eppler was born in Antwerp. He studied mathematics, physics, and chemistry, fir ...
, 47, German physicist and pioneer in electronic speech synthesis


July 9 Events Pre-1600 *118 – Hadrian, who became emperor a year previously on Trajan's death, makes his entry into Rome. * 381 – The end of the First Council of Christian bishops convened in Constantinople by the Roman Emperor Theodos ...
, 1960 (Saturday)

*Rodger Woodward, a seven-year-old boy, became the first person known to survive an accidental plunge over Niagara Falls. Roger had been a passenger in a boat on the
Niagara River The Niagara River () is a river that flows north from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario. It forms part of the border between the province of Ontario in Canada (on the west) and the state of New York (state), New York in the United States (on the east) ...
when the outboard motor failed. He fell over the Falls, but sustained only minor bruises and a cut, and was released from a hospital two days later. *Major General
Leighton I. Davis Leighton Ira Davis (February 20, 1910 – May 6, 1995) was a lieutenant general in the United States Air Force. Biography Davis was born Leighton Ira Davis in Sparta, Wisconsin, in 1910. He would graduate from the Massachusetts Institute of ...
was appointed Department of Defense representative for Project Mercury support, replacing Major General Donald N. Yates. *As the Congo Crisis continued, the Belgian national airline Sabena began airlifting Belgian citizens out of the
Congo Congo or The Congo may refer to either of two countries that border the Congo River in central Africa: * Democratic Republic of the Congo, the larger country to the southeast, capital Kinshasa, formerly known as Zaire, sometimes referred to a ...
. Over the next three weeks, 25,711 flew home. *The nuclear submarine was launched. It would be lost in 1963.


July 10, 1960 (Sunday)

*The Havana Sugar Kings played their last game under that name, winning in Richmond and defeating the Virginians, 7–1. The next day, they played in Miami as the "Jersey City Jerseys", though still wearing their Sugar Kings uniforms. *In Paris, the Soviet Union beat Yugoslavia in extra time on
Viktor Ponedelnik Viktor Vladimirovich Ponedelnik (russian: Виктор Владимирович Понедельник, 22 May 1937 – 5 December 2020) was a Russian footballer and manager, who played for the Soviet Union national team. Biography Ponedeln ...
's goal, to win the first UEFA European Football Championship, 2–1. *The Eritrean Liberation Front was founded, with the goal of liberating
Eritrea Eritrea ( ; ti, ኤርትራ, Ertra, ; ar, إرتريا, ʾIritriyā), officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa region of Eastern Africa, with its capital and largest city at Asmara. It is bordered by Ethiopia ...
from the rule of Ethiopia. *Born: ** Ariel Castro, Puerto Rican-American kidnapper and former bus driver (d. 2013); in Duey, Yauco, Puerto Rico ** Lean Alejandro, Filipino nationalist leader (d. 1987); in Navotas,
Rizal Rizal, officially the Province of Rizal ( fil, Lalawigan ng Rizal), is a Provinces of the Philippines, province in the Philippines located in the Calabarzon region in Luzon. Its capital is the city of Antipolo. It is about east of Manila. The p ...


July 11, 1960 (Monday)

* Moise Tshombe declared the Congolese province of Katanga independent, and, taking advantage of the Congo Crisis and the dismissal of Belgian officers from the Congolese Army, asked for military aid from Belgium. The Congo's Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba asked the United Nations to intervene in the crisis. * Uttar Pradesh Agricultural University, located at Pantnagar in the Uttar Pradesh state in India, conducted its first classes. It was renamed Govind Ballabh Pant University in 1972. *A U.S. Navy C-47 cargo transport plane crashed into the side of a mountain near
Quito Quito (; qu, Kitu), formally San Francisco de Quito, is the capital and largest city of Ecuador, with an estimated population of 2.8 million in its urban area. It is also the capital of the province of Pichincha. Quito is located in a valley o ...
, Ecuador, killing all 18 people on board. *
Harper Lee Nelle Harper Lee (April 28, 1926February 19, 2016) was an American novelist best known for her 1960 novel ''To Kill a Mockingbird''. It won the 1961 Pulitzer Prize and has become a classic of modern American literature. Lee has received numero ...
's classic novel '' To Kill a Mockingbird'' was first published. *Born:
Jafar Panahi Jafar Panâhi ( fa, جعفر پناهی, ; born 11 July 1960) is an Iranian film director, screenwriter, and film editor, commonly associated with the Iranian New Wave film movement. After several years of making short films and working as an ass ...
, Iranian filmmaker; in Mianeh *Died: Sir
George Hodges Knox Sir George Hodges Knox, (17 December 1885 – 11 July 1960) was an Australian politician, orchardist and military officer. The City of Knox is named after him. Knox was born in the Melbourne suburb of Prahran on 17 December 1885 and educated a ...
, 74, Australian politician, orchardist and military officer


July 12 Events Pre-1600 * 70 – The armies of Titus attack the walls of Jerusalem after a six-month siege. Three days later they breach the walls, which enables the army to destroy the Second Temple. * 927 – King Constantine II of ...
, 1960 (Tuesday)

*
Mercury astronauts The Mercury Seven were the group of seven astronauts selected to fly spacecraft for Project Mercury. They are also referred to as the Original Seven and Astronaut Group 1. Their names were publicly announced by NASA on April 9, 1959; these sev ...
began a five and one-half days of "desert survival" training at the
Air Training Command Air Training Command (ATC) is a former United States Air Force (USAF) Major Command designation. It was headquartered at Randolph Air Force Base, Texas, but was initially formed at Barksdale Air Force Base, Louisiana. It was re-designated as Ai ...
Survival School at Stead Air Force Base in Nevada, preparing them for the remote possibility of an arid-area landing. * Louis Robichaud replaced
Hugh John Flemming Hugh John Flemming (January 5, 1899 – October 16, 1982) was a politician and the 24th premier of New Brunswick from 1952 to 1960. He is always known as "Hugh John". Born in Peel, New Brunswick, Canada, the son of James Kidd Flemming, Premi ...
as premier of the Canadian province of New Brunswick. Robichaud would oversee dramatic reforms in the province's hospitals and schools. *The Etch A Sketch was first manufactured. Licensed to Ohio Art Company by French inventor
André Cassagnes André Cassagnes (September 23, 1926 – January 16, 2013) was a French inventor, electrical technician, toymaker, and kite designer. Cassagnes is best known as the inventor of the Etch A Sketch, a popular mechanical drawing toy manufactured sin ...
, it quickly became one of the most popular toys of all time. *The Color Additives Amendments to the
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act The United States Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (abbreviated as FFDCA, FDCA, or FD&C) is a set of laws passed by the United States Congress in 1938 giving authority to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to oversee the safety of f ...
went into effect, regulating artificial coloring of consumer goods sold in the United States. * Orlyonok, the main
Young Pioneer camp Young Pioneer camp (russian: Пионерский лагерь) was the name for the vacation or summer camp of Young Pioneers. In the 20th century these camps existed in many socialist countries, particularly in the Soviet Union. The You ...
of the Russian SFSR, was founded. *Born:
Corynne Charby Corynne Charby (born 12 July 1960) is a French actress, pop singer and model. Career Modeling Born Corinne Charbit in Paris, Charby grew up in France, and left school after the troisième (form 3). In the late 1970s, she began a successful c ...
, French model, actress and singer; in Paris


July 13, 1960 (Wednesday)

* Khieu Samphan, editor of the
Phnom Penh Phnom Penh (; km, ភ្នំពេញ, ) is the capital and most populous city of Cambodia. It has been the national capital since the French protectorate of Cambodia and has grown to become the nation's primate city and its economic, indus ...
newspaper ''L'Observatueur'', was arrested and beaten by ten members of Cambodia's security police. As one author would note later, "There is no telling how many people later paid with their lives for this insult." Samphan would later help found the Communist
Khmer Rouge The Khmer Rouge (; ; km, ខ្មែរក្រហម, ; ) is the name that was popularly given to members of the Communist Party of Kampuchea (CPK) and by extension to the regime through which the CPK ruled Cambodia between 1975 and 1979. ...
and, 15 years later as the leader of the revolutionary government, would oversee a program of genocide in Cambodia. *U.S. Senator John F. Kennedy won his party's nomination for president on the first ballot at the
Democratic National Convention The Democratic National Convention (DNC) is a series of presidential nominating conventions held every four years since 1832 by the United States Democratic Party. They have been administered by the Democratic National Committee since the 1852 ...
in Los Angeles, but not until Wyoming's 15 delegates gave him the majority. With 761 votes needed, Kennedy got 806, while
Lyndon Johnson Lyndon Baines Johnson (; August 27, 1908January 22, 1973), often referred to by his initials LBJ, was an American politician who served as the 36th president of the United States from 1963 to 1969. He had previously served as the 37th vice ...
received 409. *The
Pilkington Committee on Broadcasting The Pilkington Committee was set up on 13 July 1960 under the chairmanship of British industrialist Sir Harry Pilkington to consider the future of broadcasting, cable and "the possibility of television for public showing". One of the Pilkington ...
was set up in the UK to review the state of broadcasting. After two years, the Pilkington Committee concluded that the British public did not want commercial broadcasting. *
Nobusuke Kishi was a Japanese bureaucrat and politician who was Prime Minister of Japan from 1957 to 1960. Known for his exploitative rule of the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo in Northeast China in the 1930s, Kishi was nicknamed the "Monster of the Shō ...
, the Prime Minister of Japan, was stabbed six times in his left leg at his home, but the wounds were not life-threatening. *Born: Ian Hislop, British journalist and broadcaster; in Mumbles,
Swansea Swansea (; cy, Abertawe ) is a coastal city and the second-largest city of Wales. It forms a principal area, officially known as the City and County of Swansea ( cy, links=no, Dinas a Sir Abertawe). The city is the twenty-fifth largest in ...
*Died: Joy Davidman, 45, American poet and writer


July 14, 1960 (Thursday)

*In a choice that would determine the 36th President of the United States, Democratic presidential nominee and U.S. Senator John F. Kennedy asked U.S. Senate Majority Leader
Lyndon Johnson Lyndon Baines Johnson (; August 27, 1908January 22, 1973), often referred to by his initials LBJ, was an American politician who served as the 36th president of the United States from 1963 to 1969. He had previously served as the 37th vice ...
to be his running mate at in Los Angeles, and Johnson, to the surprise of many, accepted. The day before, U.S. Senator Stuart Symington of Missouri had been asked, and agreed, to become Kennedy's choice for the vice-presidency. *By an 8–0 vote, the United Nations Security Council authorized the sending of U.N. forces to restore order in the Congo and in Katanga, and to request that Belgium withdraw its troops. The first U.N. forces arrived from Tunisia the next day. *NASA announced that Project Mercury had 543 support personnel, with 419 assigned to the Space Task Group, and 124 from the
Langley Research Center The Langley Research Center (LaRC or NASA Langley), located in Hampton, Virginia, United States of America, is the oldest of NASA's field centers. It directly borders Langley Air Force Base and the Back River on the Chesapeake Bay. LaRC has fo ...
. *A fire at a mental hospital in Guatemala City killed 225 of the nearly 1,600 patients there. *Born: **
Anna Bligh Anna Maria Bligh (born 14 July 1960) is a lobbyist and former Australian politician who served as the 37th Premier of Queensland, in office from 2007 to 2012 as leader of the Labor Party. She was the first woman to hold either position. In 2 ...
, Australian politician, Premier of Queensland from 2007 to 2012 and the first woman to be elected, rather than appointed, as the Premier of an Australian state; in Warwick, Queensland ** Kyle Gass, American musician, actor and comedian; in Walnut Creek, California ** Jane Lynch, American actress; in Evergreen Park, Illinois *Died:
Maurice de Broglie __NOTOC__ Louis-César-Victor-Maurice, 6th duc de Broglie (27 April 1875 – 14 July 1960) was a French physicist. Brother of the theoretical physicist, Louis de Broglie. Biography Early years De Broglie was born in Paris, to Victor de Brogli ...
, 85, French physicist


July 15, 1960 (Friday)

*
Nobusuke Kishi was a Japanese bureaucrat and politician who was Prime Minister of Japan from 1957 to 1960. Known for his exploitative rule of the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo in Northeast China in the 1930s, Kishi was nicknamed the "Monster of the Shō ...
resigned as Prime Minister of Japan, after conceding that the government was unable to control Leftist demonstrations. Three days later, the Diet confirmed Hayato Ikeda as the new Premier. *Died: Lawrence Tibbett, 63, American opera singer


July 16 Events Pre-1600 * 622 – The beginning of the Islamic calendar. * 997 – Battle of Spercheios: Bulgarian forces of Tsar Samuel are defeated by a Byzantine army under general Nikephoros Ouranos at the Spercheios River in Greece. * 105 ...
, 1960 (Saturday)

*The phrase " New Frontier", which would be used to describe the policies of John F. Kennedy, was first used in Kennedy's acceptance of the Democratic presidential nomination in Los Angeles. After referring to the American West ("what was once the 'last frontier'"), Kennedy said that "we stand today on the edge of a new frontier— the frontier of the 1960s". *The Soviet Union completed the Sino-Soviet split by notifying the government of the People's Republic of China that all 1,390 Soviet advisors and experts there would be withdrawn. Over the next month, the Soviets cancelled twelve economic and technological agreements, and 200 joint projects. *Died: **Field Marshal Albert Kesselring, 74, German Luftwaffe leader **
John P. Marquand John Phillips Marquand (November 10, 1893 – July 16, 1960) was an American writer. Originally best known for his Mr. Moto spy stories, he achieved popular success and critical respect for his satirical novels, winning a Pulitzer Prize for '' ...
, 66, American author


July 17, 1960 (Sunday)

*
Joseph Kasavubu Joseph Kasa-Vubu, alternatively Joseph Kasavubu, ( – 24 March 1969) was a Congolese politician who served as the first President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (then Republic of the Congo) from 1960 until 1965. A member of the Kongo ...
and Patrice Lumumba, unhappy with the United Nations' progress in pressuring Belgium to withdraw its troops from the former Belgian Congo, added a new dimension to the Congo Crisis that, if Belgian troops did not withdraw within 48 hours, the Congolese leaders would invite the Soviet Union to send troops to the African nation. *Born: Robin Shou, Hong Kong actor and martial artist; in
British Hong Kong Hong Kong was a colony and later a dependent territory of the British Empire from 1841 to 1997, apart from a period of occupation under the Japanese Empire from 1941 to 1945 during the Pacific War. The colonial period began with the Briti ...
*Died:
Pavol Peter Gojdič Pavol is a masculine Slovak given name, equivalent to Paul. Notable people with the name include: * Pavol Adami (1739–1795), Slovak scientist and scholar, one of the first veterinarians * Pavol Baláž (born 1984), Slovak footballer * Pavol Biro ...
, 72, imprisoned Czechoslovakian bishop


July 18, 1960 (Monday)

*In Chicago, the National League's owners voted unanimously to expand from eight teams to ten, and to meet with leaders of the American League and the new Continental League to plan the growth of Major League Baseball. The new NL teams, both in CL cities, would be the New York Mets and the
Houston Colt .45s The Houston Astros are an American professional baseball team based in Houston, Texas. The Astros compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) West division, having moved to the division in 2013 after s ...
(later the
Houston Astros The Houston Astros are an American professional baseball team based in Houston, Texas. The Astros compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) West division, having moved to the division in 2013 after ...
). *Born:
William A. Dembski William Albert Dembski (born July 18, 1960) is an American mathematician, philosopher and theologian. He was a proponent of intelligent design (ID) pseudoscience, specifically the concept of specified complexity, and was a senior fellow of the ...
, American mathematician and proponent of " intelligent design"; in Chicago


July 19, 1960 (Tuesday)

*At 8:30 p.m. EST, CBS aired the unsold pilot for "Head of the Family" on ''Comedy Spot''. The pilot had Carl Reiner as TV writer Rob Petrie,
Barbara Britton Barbara Britton (born Barbara Maurine Brantingham, September 26, 1920 – January 17, 1980) was an American film and television actress. She is best known for her Western film roles opposite Randolph Scott, Joel McCrea, and Gene Autry and for h ...
as Rob's wife Laura, Sylvia Miles as Sally Rogers and Morty Gunty as Buddy Sorrell. In 1961, CBS would score a hit with a new name and a new cast of
Dick Van Dyke Richard Wayne Van Dyke (born December 13, 1925) is an American actor, entertainer and comedian. His award-winning career has spanned seven decades in film, television, and stage. Van Dyke began his career as an entertainer on radio and telev ...
, Mary Tyler Moore,
Rose Marie Rose Marie (born Rose Marie Mazzetta; August 15, 1923 – December 28, 2017) was an American actress, singer, comedian, and vaudeville performer with a career ultimately spanning nine decades, which included film, radio, records, theater, night ...
and Morey Amsterdam. * Trans Australia Airlines Flight 408 was taken over by a gunman, Alex Hildebrandt of Russia, in the first airplane hijacking in Australia. The hijack was foiled when Hildebrandt was overpowered by the plane's first officer. * Thirty-nine of the 43 Belgian Air Force servicemen, on board a Fairchild C-119G "Flying Boxcar" were killed, when their plane struck a mountain near Goma during the Congo Crisis. *
Fernando Tambroni Fernando Tambroni Armaroli (25 November 1901 – 18 February 1963) was an Italian politician, member of the Christian Democracy, who served as 36th Prime Minister of Italy from March to July 1960. He also served as Minister of the Interior from J ...
resigned as Prime Minister of Italy. A new government was approved on August 5, headed by former Premier
Amintore Fanfani Amintore Fanfani (; 6 February 1908 – 20 November 1999) was an Italian politician and statesman, who served as 32nd prime minister of Italy for five separate terms. He was one of the best-known Italian politicians after the Second World War an ...
. *Two U.S. Navy destroyers, the and the , collided off the coast of
Newport Beach, California Newport Beach is a coastal city in South Orange County, California. Newport Beach is known for swimming and sandy beaches. Newport Harbor once supported maritime industries however today, it is used mostly for recreation. Balboa Island, Newport ...
, killing ten sailors. *Thirty-three iron miners in West Germany were killed in a mine fire near Salzgitter.


July 20, 1960 (Wednesday)

*All 23 passengers and crew were killed on Aeroflot Flight 613 when their
Ilyushin Il-14 The Ilyushin Il-14 (NATO reporting name: Crate) was a Soviet twin-engine commercial and military personnel and cargo transport aircraft that first flew in 1950, and entered service in 1954. The Il-14 was also manufactured in East Germany by VEB ...
airliner encountered turbulence and broke apart in midair during a flight from Leningrad to the smaller city of
Syktyvkar Syktyvkar (, rus, Сыктывка́р, p=sɨktɨfˈkar; kv, Сыктывкар) is the capital city of the Komi Republic in Russia, as well as its largest city. It is also the capital of the Syktyvkar Urban Okrug. Until 1930, it was known as U ...
. The passengers were all members of the 75th Squadron of the Soviet Civil Air Fleet; the plane was cleared to descend to an altitude of and its crew acknowledged the directive. The wreckage was found on July 31, in a forest south of
Lake Kenozero Lake Kenozero (russian: Кенозеро) is a freshwater lake, located in the south-west of Plesetsky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast in Russia. It is one of the biggest lakes in Arkhangelsk Oblast and the biggest one in Plesetsky District. The a ...
, about from its destination. *
Sirimavo Bandaranaike Sirima Ratwatte Dias Bandaranaike ( si, සිරිමා රත්වත්තේ ඩයස් බණ්ඩාරනායක; ta, சிறிமா ரத்வத்தே டயஸ் பண்டாரநாயக்கே; 17 April 191 ...
became the world's first elected female head of government, after her
Sri Lanka Freedom Party The Sri Lanka Freedom Party ( si, ශ්‍රී ලංකා නිදහස් පක්ෂය, translit=Śrī Laṁkā Nidahas Pakṣaya; ta, இலங்கை சுதந்திரக் கட்சி, translit=Ilaṅkai Cutantirak Ka ...
won a majority in elections in Ceylon (now
Sri Lanka Sri Lanka (, ; si, ශ්‍රී ලංකා, Śrī Laṅkā, translit-std=ISO (); ta, இலங்கை, Ilaṅkai, translit-std=ISO ()), formerly known as Ceylon and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an ...
). Mrs. Bandaranaike, whose husband S.W.D. Bandaranaike had been prime minister until his assassination in 1959, took office as
Prime Minister of Ceylon The Prime Minister of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka is the head and most senior member of parliament in the cabinet of ministers. It is the second-most powerful position in Sri Lanka's executive branch behind the president, wh ...
the next day, and assumed the jobs of Defense Minister and External Affairs Minister as well. *President Eisenhower announced that the United States had a budget surplus of at the end of the 1960 fiscal year, a dramatic turnaround from the $12,426,000,000 deficit at the end of the 1959 fiscal year. *The submarine made the first launch of a rocket from underwater into the air, with the firing of an unarmed
Polaris Polaris is a star in the northern circumpolar constellation of Ursa Minor. It is designated α Ursae Minoris ( Latinized to ''Alpha Ursae Minoris'') and is commonly called the North Star or Pole Star. With an apparent magnitude that ...
missile while submerged at a depth of . *Born:
Prvoslav Vujcic Prvoslav Vujcic ( sr-Cyrl, Првослав Вујчић, ; born July 20, 1960) is a Serbian Canadian writer, poet, translator, columnist and aphorist. He has been described as one of the most prominent writers of Serbian origin.''Migrating Memor ...
, Serbian Canadian writer; in Požarevac, Yugoslavia


July 21, 1960 (Thursday)

*The Parliament of Canada extended the right to vote in federal elections to the remaining First Nations indigenous citizens who had not previously received full suffrage, as an amendment to the
Canada Elections Act The ''Canada Elections Act'' (french: Loi électorale du Canada; full title: ''An Act respecting the election of members to the House of Commons, repealing other Acts relating to elections and making consequential amendments to other Acts'', full ...
passed its third reading in the Senate and was sent onward for assent. The people granted rights were the 60,000 "
Status Indians The Indian Register is the official record of people registered under the ''Indian Act'' in Canada, called status Indians or ''registered Indians''. People registered under the ''Indian Act'' have rights and benefits that are not granted to othe ...
" who lived on Canada's Indian reserves. The right had previously been extended to about 20,000 members of the First Nations, specifically veterans and their wives, members who did not live on a reserve, and to those living in the Northwest Territories and the Yukon. The Act would receive royal assent on August 1. *The first television station in Egypt began broadcasting. After a verse from the Quran was read, United Arab Republic President
Gamal Abdel Nasser Gamal Abdel Nasser Hussein, . (15 January 1918 – 28 September 1970) was an Egyptian politician who served as the second president of Egypt from 1954 until his death in 1970. Nasser led the Egyptian revolution of 1952 and introduced far-re ...
was shown live, making a speech during celebrations of the eighth anniversary of the 1952 revolution. * Francis Chichester, English navigator and yachtsman, arrived in New York aboard ''Gipsy Moth III'' to win the inaugural Single-Handed Trans-Atlantic Race, 40 days after setting sail across the Atlantic Ocean, setting a new record.


July 22, 1960 (Friday)

* Vincent Massey became the first Canadian to receive the
Royal Victorian Chain The Royal Victorian Chain is a decoration instituted in 1902 by King Edward VII as a personal award of the monarch (i.e. not an award made on the advice of any Commonwealth realm government). It ranks above the Royal Victorian Order, with which it ...
in its 58 years as an honour, as a recognition from Queen Elizabeth II. *
Jean Lesage Jean Lesage (; 10 June 1912 – 12 December 1980) was a Canadian lawyer and politician from Quebec. He served as the 19th premier of Quebec from 22 June 1960 to 16 June 1966. Alongside Georges-Émile Lapalme, René Lévesque and others, he is o ...
replaced
Antonio Barrette Antonio J. Barrette (May 26, 1899 – December 15, 1968) was a Quebec politician born in Joliette, Quebec, Canada. Member of the legislature Barrette ran as a Conservative candidate in the provincial district of Joliette in the 1935 electi ...
as Premier of Quebec, and began the Quiet Revolution reforms to that province. *Born: John Leguizamo, Colombian-American actor, comedian and producer; in Bogota


July 23, 1960 (Saturday)

*The Soviet Union launched a space capsule with two dogs, Pchelka and Mushka, in advance of
human spaceflight Human spaceflight (also referred to as manned spaceflight or crewed spaceflight) is spaceflight with a crew or passengers aboard a spacecraft, often with the spacecraft being operated directly by the onboard human crew. Spacecraft can also be ...
. ''Korabl 3'' burned up upon re-entry into the atmosphere. * Yusof bin Ishak, the Yang di-Pertuan Negara of Singapore, opened the headquarters of St. John Ambulance in Singapore. * Mercury spacecraft No. 2 was delivered to
Cape Canaveral , image = cape canaveral.jpg , image_size = 300 , caption = View of Cape Canaveral from space in 1991 , map = Florida#USA , map_width = 300 , type =Cape , map_caption = Location in Florida , location ...
for the Mercury-Redstone 1A mission. *Born: Jon Landau, American film producer, known for producing '' Titanic'', '' Avatar'', and '' Avatar: The Way of Water''; in New York City (died of cancer, 2024)


July 24, 1960 (Sunday)

*Soviet Marshal Ivan Konev retired as chief of the Warsaw Pact, and was replaced by another Soviet military man, Marshal Andrei Grechko. Marshal Grechko would become the Soviet Minister of Defense in 1967, and would be replaced as Warsaw Pact commander by Marshal
Ivan Yakubovsky Ivan Ignatyevich Yakubovsky (russian: Ива́н Игна́тьевич Якубо́вский; 7 January 1912 – 30 November 1976) was a Marshal of the Soviet Union, twice made a Hero of the Soviet Union and serving as commander-in-chief o ...
on July 8, 1967. *An accident killed 30 Japanese tourists and injured 16 others who were on a chartered sightseeing bus, on their way back down from visiting the Buddhist shrine at Mount Hiei, after sideswiping another bus and plunging off of a mountain road into a ravine. Reportedly, the tourist bus "shot 60 yards straight down and then rolled over for another 100 yards before crashing." The persons on the other bus were uninjured. *Died: ** Jacques Jaccard, 73, American silent film director in the 1910s and 1920s **
Hans Albers Hans Philipp August Albers (22 September 1891 – 24 July 1960) was a German actor and singer. He was the biggest male movie star in Germany between 1930 and 1960 and one of the most popular German actors of the twentieth century. Early life ...
, 68, leading man of German film in the 1930s and early 1940s


July 25 Events Pre-1600 * 306 – Constantine I is proclaimed Roman emperor by his troops. * 315 – The Arch of Constantine is completed near the Colosseum in Rome to commemorate Constantine I's victory over Maxentius at the Milvian Bridge. ...
, 1960 (Monday)

*The lunch counter at the Woolworth's store in Greensboro, North Carolina, where the "Greensboro Four" had started the first sit-in in January, began service to African-American customers (actually, three store employees) at Integration of Greensboro's other restaurants did not happen until 1963.


July 26, 1960 (Tuesday)

*Fifteen months after U.S. President Eisenhower had proposed that the Soviet Union and the United States be allowed to inspect their opponents' missile sites, the Soviets made a counteroffer "to allow international inspection teams to carry out three on-site inspections annually on its territory." The U.S. and its allies considered the number to be inadequate, but saw it as the basis for negotiations. Actual inspections would not take place until more than 25 years later. *The opening title sequence of '' The Andy Griffith Show'', showing Andy Griffith and Ron Howard preparing to go fishing, was filmed in advance of the show's October 3 premiere. The Franklin Canyon Reservoir in Los Angeles served as Myers Lake (named for the show's production manager, Frank E. Myers) on the outskirts of Mayberry, North Carolina, for purposes of the show. *Died: ** Cedric Gibbons, 67, pioneering Irish-American film art director ** Maud Menten, 81, Canadian biochemist


July 27, 1960 (Wednesday)

*The Republic of Ireland ended its policy of
neutrality Neutral or neutrality may refer to: Mathematics and natural science Biology * Neutral organisms, in ecology, those that obey the unified neutral theory of biodiversity Chemistry and physics * Neutralization (chemistry), a chemical reaction ...
with the dispatch of soldiers of the 32nd Infantry Battalion to Africa to join United Nations peacekeeping forces during the Congo Crisis. The Defence Amendment Act 1960 had taken effect the day before after passing both houses of the Irish parliament. *In Chicago, delegates to the
Republican National Convention The Republican National Convention (RNC) is a series of presidential nominating conventions held every four years since 1856 by the United States Republican Party. They are administered by the Republican National Committee. The goal of the Repu ...
nominated U.S. Vice President
Richard M. Nixon Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913April 22, 1994) was the 37th president of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as a representative and senator from California and was t ...
for president, with 1,321 votes. Ten delegates voted for
Barry Goldwater Barry Morris Goldwater (January 2, 1909 – May 29, 1998) was an American politician and United States Air Force officer who was a five-term U.S. Senator from Arizona (1953–1965, 1969–1987) and the Republican Party nominee for presiden ...
. U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations
Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. (July 5, 1902 – February 27, 1985) was an American diplomat and Republican United States senator from Massachusetts in both Senate seats in non-consecutive terms of service and a United States ambassador. He was considered ...
was nominated for Vice President. *The Federal Reserve Board voted to cut
margin Margin may refer to: Physical or graphical edges *Margin (typography), the white space that surrounds the content of a page *Continental margin, the zone of the ocean floor that separates the thin oceanic crust from thick continental crust *Leaf ...
requirements from 90% to 70%, in order to encourage buying and selling in the American stock market.


July 28, 1960 (Thursday)

*The Soviet Union launched the first of six ''Vostok 1K'' animal flight missions, with two
space dogs ''Space Dogs'' (a.k.a. ''Belka & Strelka — Star Dogs'', original: ''Белка и Стрелка. Звёздные собаки'', ''Belka i Strelka. Zvyozdnye sobaki'') is a 2010 Russian Computer animation, computer-animated Adventure fi ...
, Chayka and Lisichka. An explosion destroyed the spacecraft shortly after launch, killing both dogs, and the mission was not publicized, nor given a name afterward.


July 29, 1960 (Friday)

*
Mercury-Atlas 1 Mercury-Atlas 1 (MA-1) was the first attempt to launch a Mercury capsule and occurred on July 29, 1960 at Cape Canaveral, Florida. The spacecraft was unmanned and carried no launch escape system. The Atlas rocket suffered a structural failure 58 ...
was launched from Cape Canaveral on a sub-orbital flight, to check the integrity of the Mercury spacecraft structure and afterbody shingles for critical abort reentry, and to evaluate the Atlas abort-sensing instrumentation system. The spacecraft had no escape system or test subject. After 59 seconds, the flight was terminated because of a launch vehicle and adapter structural failure, and the spacecraft was destroyed on impact in the ocean. Since none of the primary flight objectives was achieved,
Mercury-Atlas 2 Mercury-Atlas 2 (MA-2) was an unmanned test flight of the Mercury program using the Atlas rocket. It launched on February 21, 1961, at 14:10 UTC, from Launch Complex 14 at Cape Canaveral, Florida. Test objectives for this flight were concerned w ...
was planned to fulfill the mission. *
10 Downing Street 10 Downing Street in London, also known colloquially in the United Kingdom as Number 10, is the official residence and executive office of the first lord of the treasury, usually, by convention, the prime minister of the United Kingdom. Along wi ...
, the official London residence of the British Prime Minister, was closed for renovations expected to last at least two years.
Harold Macmillan Maurice Harold Macmillan, 1st Earl of Stockton, (10 February 1894 – 29 December 1986) was a British Conservative statesman and politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1957 to 1963. Caricatured as "Supermac", he ...
's home was transferred for the interim to Admiralty House. *The U.S. Federal Communications Commission voted 6–1 against censorship of American radio and television communications, following hearings in which various witnesses testified in favor of FCC intervention. *In new elections in South Korea, the Democrat party, led by
Chang Myon Chang Myon (hangul: 장면; hanja: 張勉; August28, 1899June4, 1966) was a South Korean statesman, educator, diplomat, journalist and social activist as well as a Roman Catholic youth activist. He was the only prime minister of the parliamenta ...
(also known as John M. Chang and Tsutomu Tamaoka), won a majority. Chang became Prime Minister of South Korea on August 19. *Born: **
Brian Peck Brian (sometimes spelled Bryan in English) is a male given name of Irish and Breton origin, as well as a surname of Occitan origin. It is common in the English-speaking world. It is possible that the name is derived from an Old Celtic word mean ...
, American convicted sex offender and former actor; in Huntington, Indiana **
Marta Cid Marta Cid i Pañella (born 29 July 1960) is a former Minister of Education of Catalonia from 20 February 2004 until 12 May 2006. Education and professional background Marta Cid i Pañella received a Bachelor's degree in Psychology, a Graduation ...
, Catalan Education Minister; in Amposta, Spain


July 30 Events Pre-1600 * 762 – Baghdad is founded. *1419 – First Defenestration of Prague: A crowd of radical Hussites kill seven members of the Prague city council. *1502 – Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay Islands ...
, 1960 (Saturday)

*The
American Football League The American Football League (AFL) was a major professional American football league that operated for ten seasons from 1960 until 1970, when it merged with the older National Football League (NFL), and became the American Football Conference. ...
played its first game, an exhibition between the
Buffalo Bills The Buffalo Bills are a professional American football team based in the Buffalo metropolitan area. The Bills compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's American Football Conference (AFC) East division. ...
and the
Boston Patriots Boston (), officially the City of Boston, is the state capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, as well as the cultural and financial center of the New England region of the United States. It is the 24th- most ...
, before a crowd of 16,474 in Buffalo, and the home team lost, 28 to 7.
Bob Dee Robert Henry Dee (May 18, 1933 – April 18, 1979) was an American football defensive end in the National Football League and the American Football League. He was a three-sport letterman at the College of the Holy Cross who was one of the first ...
of the Patriots recovered a fumble in the end zone for the first unofficial AFL score. * South Korea and North Korea fought a battle as at sea for the first time since the end of the Korean War in 1953, with a North Korean gunboat being sunk near Kojin.


July 31 Events Pre-1600 *30 BC – Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian's forces, but most of his army subsequently deserts, leading to his suicide. * 781 – The oldest recorded eruption of Mount Fuji (Tr ...
, 1960 (Sunday)

*Lieutenant
Columbo ''Columbo'' () is an American crime drama television series starring Peter Falk as Lieutenant Columbo, a homicide detective with the Los Angeles Police Department. After two pilot episodes in 1968 and 1971, the show originally aired on NBC f ...
, the fictional TV detective who would be more famously portrayed by actor
Peter Falk Peter Michael Falk (September 16, 1927 – June 23, 2011) was an American film and television actor. He is best known for his role as Lieutenant Columbo in the long-running television series ''Columbo'' (1968–1978, 1989–2003), for which he ...
, was introduced in a 90-minute episode of the anthology series '' The Chevy Mystery Show'', shown at 9:00 Eastern time on NBC.
Bert Freed Bert Freed (November 3, 1919 – August 2, 1994) was an American character actor, voice-over actor, and the first actor to portray Detective Columbo. Life and career Born and raised in the Bronx, New York, Freed began acting while attending P ...
was the first to portray Lieutenant Columbo, described as "a police detective harassing the doctor", though actor Richard Carlson (who portrayed a psychiatrist who murdered his wife) received top billing in the teleplay, titled "Enough Rope". *The
Malayan Emergency The Malayan Emergency, also known as the Anti–British National Liberation War was a guerrilla war fought in British Malaya between communist pro-independence fighters of the Malayan National Liberation Army (MNLA) and the military forces o ...
was officially ended after twelve years. On June 16, 1948, the state of emergency was declared in the Federation of Malaya after guerrilla activity had begun. The date had been announced on April 19 by the Malayan head of state, Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah.


References

{{Events by month links
1960 It is also known as the "Year of Africa" because of major events—particularly the independence of seventeen African nations—that focused global attention on the continent and intensified feelings of Pan-Africanism. Events January * Ja ...
*1960-07 *1960-07