Julius Cohnheim
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Julius Friedrich Cohnheim (20 July 1839 – 15 August 1884) was a
German-Jewish The history of the Jews in Germany goes back at least to the year 321, and continued through the Early Middle Ages (5th to 10th centuries CE) and High Middle Ages (''circa'' 1000–1299 CE) when Jewish immigrants founded the Ashkenazi Jewish ...
pathologist Pathology is the study of the causal, causes and effects of disease or injury. The word ''pathology'' also refers to the study of disease in general, incorporating a wide range of biology research fields and medical practices. However, when us ...
.


Biography

Cohnheim was born at
Demmin Demmin () is a town in the Mecklenburgische Seenplatte district, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany. It was the capital of the former district of Demmin. Geography Demmin lies on the West Pomeranian plain at the confluence of the rivers ...
,
Pomerania Pomerania ( pl, Pomorze; german: Pommern; Kashubian: ''Pòmòrskô''; sv, Pommern) is a historical region on the southern shore of the Baltic Sea in Central Europe, split between Poland and Germany. The western part of Pomerania belongs to ...
. He studied at the universities of
Würzburg Würzburg (; Main-Franconian: ) is a city in the region of Franconia in the north of the German state of Bavaria. Würzburg is the administrative seat of the ''Regierungsbezirk'' Lower Franconia. It spans the banks of the Main River. Würzburg is ...
,
Marburg Marburg ( or ) is a university town in the German federal state (''Bundesland'') of Hesse, capital of the Marburg-Biedenkopf district (''Landkreis''). The town area spreads along the valley of the river Lahn and has a population of approximate ...
,
Greifswald Greifswald (), officially the University and Hanseatic City of Greifswald (german: Universitäts- und Hansestadt Greifswald, Low German: ''Griepswoold'') is the fourth-largest city in the German state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania after Rostoc ...
, and
Berlin Berlin ( , ) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's most populous city, according to population within city limits. One of Germany's sixteen constitue ...
, receiving his doctoral degree at the
University of Berlin Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (german: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, abbreviated HU Berlin) is a German public research university in the central borough of Mitte in Berlin. It was established by Frederick William III on the initiative o ...
in 1861. After taking a postgraduate course in
Prague Prague ( ; cs, Praha ; german: Prag, ; la, Praga) is the capital and largest city in the Czech Republic, and the historical capital of Bohemia. On the Vltava river, Prague is home to about 1.3 million people. The city has a temperate ...
, he returned to Berlin in 1862, where he practised until 1864, when he took service as surgeon in the war against
Denmark ) , song = ( en, "King Christian stood by the lofty mast") , song_type = National and royal anthem , image_map = EU-Denmark.svg , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Danish Realm, Kingdom of Denmark ...
. In the fall of the same year he became assistant at the pathological institute of Berlin University under
Rudolf Virchow Rudolf Ludwig Carl Virchow (; or ; 13 October 18215 September 1902) was a German physician, anthropologist, pathologist, prehistorian, biologist, writer, editor, and politician. He is known as "the father of modern pathology" and as the founder ...
, remaining there until 1868. During this time he published several articles relating to physiological chemistry and histology, but finally turned his especial attention to pathological anatomy. In 1867 there appeared in Virchow's "''
Archiv für Pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und für Klinische Medicin ''Virchows Archiv: European Journal of Pathology'' is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal of all aspects of pathology, especially human pathology. It is published by Springer Science+Business Media and an official publication of the Europea ...
''" (xli) Cohnheim's essay, "Ueber Entzündung und Eiterung", which made his reputation as a pathologist. In it he proved that the emigration of the white blood-corpuscles is the origin of
pus Pus is an exudate, typically white-yellow, yellow, or yellow-brown, formed at the site of inflammation during bacterial or fungal infection. An accumulation of pus in an enclosed tissue space is known as an abscess, whereas a visible collection ...
, a statement which produced a great revolution in pathology. In 1868 Cohnheim was appointed professor of pathological
anatomy Anatomy () is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts. Anatomy is a branch of natural science that deals with the structural organization of living things. It is an old science, having its ...
and general pathology in the University of Kiel; and four years later (1872) he went to the
University of Breslau A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. In the United States, th ...
to fill a similar position. His work there was interrupted in the winter of 1873-74 by illness. In 1878 he accepted an invitation to become professor of pathology in the
University of Leipzig Leipzig University (german: Universität Leipzig), in Leipzig in Saxony, Germany, is one of the world's oldest universities and the second-oldest university (by consecutive years of existence) in Germany. The university was founded on 2 Decemb ...
, which chair he occupied until his death. Cohnheim was the first to use the now universal method of freezing fresh pathological objects for examination; he also first demonstrated nerve-termination in "Cohnheim's areas" (polygonal areas indicating the cut ends of muscle-columns, seen in the cross-sections of striated muscle-fiber); he was the pioneer in the theory of inflammation, which is now universally accepted; and his researches in the field of pathological circulation and the causes of embolism marked a new departure in the methods of medical treatment. Aside from his literary and experimental activity, Cohnheim was both popular and successful as a teacher. He died in Leipzig in 1884.


Selected works

Ueber die Entzündung seröser Häute," in Virchow's ''Archiv für pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und für klinische Medicin'', xxii. *"Zur Kenntniss der zuckerbildenden Fermente," ib. xxviii. *"Ein Fall von Abscessen in Amyloid entarteten Organen," ib. xxxiii. *"Ueber die Endigung der Muskelnerven," ib. xxxiv. *"Ueber den feineren Bau der quergestreiften Muskelfasern," ib. xxxiv. *"Zur pathologischen Anatomie der Trichinenkrankheit," ib. xxxvi. *"Ueber die Endigung der sensiblen Nerven in der Hornhaut," ib. xxxviii. *"Ueber Entzündung und Eiterung," ib. xl. *"Ueber Venöse Stauung," ib. xli. *With Bernhard Fränkel, "Experimentelle Untersuchungen über die Uebertragbarkeit der Tuberkulose auf Thiere," ib. xlv. *"Untersuchungen über die embolischen Processe," Berlin, 1872 *"Neue Untersuchungen über die Entzündung," Berlin 1873 *''Vorlesungen über allgemeine Pathologie: Ein Handbuch für Aertze und Studirende'', Berlin 1877-80, 2d ed. 1882 *''Die Tuberkulose vom Standpunkte der Infectionslehre'', Leipzig, 2d ed., 1881. *''Gesammelte Abhandlungen'', Berlin, 1885, Herausgegeben von E. Wagner. Mit einem Lebensbilde Cohnheim's von W. Kühne.


See also

*
Pathology Pathology is the study of the causes and effects of disease or injury. The word ''pathology'' also refers to the study of disease in general, incorporating a wide range of biology research fields and medical practices. However, when used in ...
*
List of pathologists A list of people notable in the field of pathology. A * John Abercrombie, Scottish physician, neuropathologist and philosopher. * Maude Abbott (1869–1940), Canadian pathologist, one of the earliest women graduated in medicine, expert in co ...


References

* * * * * * * * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Cohnheim, Julius Friedrich 1839 births 1884 deaths People from Demmin People from the Province of Pomerania 19th-century German Jews German pathologists Jewish physicians