Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach, also ''Fischer von Erlach the younger'' (13 September 1693 in

Vienna en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...

– 29 June 1742 in Vienna) was an Austrian

architect An architect is a person who plans, designs and oversees the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to provide services in connection with the design of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the buildings that h ...

of the

Baroque The Baroque (, ; ) is a style of architecture, music, dance, painting, sculpture, poetry, and other arts that flourished in Europe from the early 17th century until the 1750s. In the territories of the Spanish and Portuguese empires including ...

Rococo Rococo (, also ), less commonly Roccoco or Late Baroque, is an exceptionally ornamental and theatrical style of architecture, art and decoration which combines asymmetry, scrolling curves, gilding, white and pastel colours, sculpted moulding, ...

, and Baroque- Neoclassical.

Biography

Joseph Emanuel was the son of

Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach (20 July 1656 – 5 April 1723) was an Austrian architect, sculptor, engraver, and architectural historian whose Baroque architecture profoundly influenced and shaped the tastes of the Habsburg Empire. His inf ...

. He first developed his skills in his father's workshop. In 1711, he worked on several of his father's commissions (e.g. Palais Dietrichstein, Palais Trautson, Bohemian Court Chancellery,

Schwarzenberg Palace Palais Schwarzenberg is a Baroque palace in front of Schwarzenbergplatz, Landstraße, the 3rd district of Vienna, Austria. It is owned by the princely Schwarzenberg family. Construction started in 1697 under the architect Johann Lucas von Hildeb ...

) and also helped complete the publication ''"Draft of a historical architecture"''; whose four volumes inspired many later designs. Through this work, Joseph Emanuel came into contact both with the architecture of his and earlier times and with Berne, his father's noble order. His father also involved Joseph Emanuel in the writing of ''"Folders and Outlines of some buildings of Vienna, self-drawn from J.E.F.v.E.,"'' with a preface by the court

antiquarian An antiquarian or antiquary () is an fan (person), aficionado or student of antiquities or things of the past. More specifically, the term is used for those who study history with particular attention to ancient artifact (archaeology), artifac ...

Carl Gustav Heraeus. This publication was resumed later by Salomon Kleiner. Until 1714, he received instruction in Vienna from his father's guest

Gottfried Leibniz Gottfried Wilhelm (von) Leibniz . ( – 14 November 1716) was a German polymath active as a mathematician, philosopher, scientist and diplomat. He is one of the most prominent figures in both the history of philosophy and the history of mathem ...

. The two obtained a travel scholarship for Joseph Emanuel from

Kaiser ''Kaiser'' is the German word for "emperor" (female Kaiserin). In general, the German title in principle applies to rulers anywhere in the world above the rank of king (''König''). In English, the (untranslated) word ''Kaiser'' is mainly ap ...

Karl VI , house = Habsburg , spouse = , issue = , issue-link = #Children , issue-pipe = , father = Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor , mother = Eleonore Magdalene of Neuburg , birth_date ...

. This led him in 1713/1714 to

Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical ...

, where he accompanied, among others, the well-known

archaeologist Archaeology or archeology is the scientific study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. The archaeological record consists of artifacts, architecture, biofacts or ecofacts, sites, and cultural landsca ...

Francesco de Ficoroni Francesco (de') Ficoroni (1664–1747) was an Italian connoisseur and antiquarian in Rome closely involved with the antiquities trade. He was the author of numerous publications on ancient Roman sculpture and antiquities, guides to the monuments of ...

. From 1717 to 1719, he was in

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...

with the French court master-builder

Robert de Cotte Robert de Cotte (1656 – 15 July 1735) was a French architect-administrator, under whose design control of the royal buildings of France from 1699, the earliest notes presaging the Rococo style were introduced. First a pupil of Jules Har ...

, the architect Germain Boffrand, and with the philologist Bernard de Montfaucon. He also spent time in Leyden and

London London is the capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary dow ...

, where he studied the re-invented ''

Steam engine A steam engine is a heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its working fluid. The steam engine uses the force produced by steam pressure to push a piston back and forth inside a cylinder. This pushing force can be ...

s'' and possibly also met

Isaac Newton Sir Isaac Newton (25 December 1642 – 20 March 1726/27) was an English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, Theology, theologian, and author (described in his time as a "natural philosophy, natural philosopher"), widely ...

. In 1722 he returned to Vienna. He sought and obtained (in December 1722) a court architect position where he also exercised his considerable technical abilities, building the first steam engine in continental Europe (at Schwarzenberg Palace) during the same year. After the death of his father 1723, Johann Lucas von Hildebrandt succeeded to the position of chief Court Architect. In 1725, Joseph Emanuel, succeeded in turn to this position, probably with the help of his powerful sponsor, Court Building director, count Gundaker von Althan, completing his father's unfinished projects. Though a successful architect in his own right, he was overshadowed by his more famous father. In 1727, he had married Maria Anna von Dietrich, with whom he had 7 children. He lived in the ''Gerstenbrandische Haus'' (Gerstenbrandi house) near the '' Kärntner Gate''. He had an important art collection and extensive library. His wife died in 1740. In 1729, Joseph Emanuel was appointed Imperial Court Chamber Advisor and dedicated himself increasingly to building steam engines for mine excavation. For this work he was made a

Baron Baron is a rank of nobility or title of honour, often hereditary, in various European countries, either current or historical. The female equivalent is baroness. Typically, the title denotes an aristocrat who ranks higher than a lord or kn ...

in 1735. He continued some projects of his father, in particular the Karlskirche, the Imperial Library, and the ''Winterreitschultrakt'' of the

Hofburg The Hofburg is the former principal imperial palace of the Habsburg dynasty. Located in the centre of Vienna, it was built in the 13th century and expanded several times afterwards. It also served as the imperial winter residence, as Schönbrun ...

. He was involved with the planning of the ''Traktes'' of the Hofburg for '' Michaelerplatz'', which only in the years of Ferdinand Kirschner (with easy changes) was built only much later (1889–1893) and with some modifications, since the Hofburg theatre stood in the way. On the same plans, was also based the Alte Bibliothek in Berlin, which from 1775 to 1780 was built by George Christian Unger. In 1728, he replaced Johann Lucas von Hildebrandt with the building the ''Reichskanzleitraktes'' of the Hofburg. Otherwise, few own works are secured – in addition, this has to do with unclear documents. Added to this are 1847 the Althan Palace in Vienna on ''Landstrasse'', Corps de logis

Eckartsau Eckartsau ( cs, Krcov) is a town in the district of Gänserndorf in the Austrian state of Lower Austria. History Schloss Eckartsau was the last residence of Charles I of Austria prior to his departure from the former Austria-Hungary in March, 1 ...

Castle, and Thürnthal Castle at Fels am Wagram. Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach died on 29 June 1742 in a house fire. He left an enormous fortune of ƒ130,000.

Impact

Contrary to his father's approach, the son thought in terms of facades, which are however different from those of Hildebrandt and his numerous successors and a perfect example of Western European Baroque classicism: simple, rational and without effusive ornamentation.

Works

* Castles and palaces: **

: *** Execution of

Austrian National Library The Austrian National Library (german: Österreichische Nationalbibliothek) is the largest library in Austria, with more than 12 million items in its various collections. The library is located in the Neue Burg Wing of the Hofburg in center of V ...

Vienna en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...

, Austria *** Completion of ''Hofstallungen'' (court stable buildings) (1725) *** Plans to the ''Michaelertrakt'' (1726) *** Winter riding school (1729) *** ''Reichskanzleitrakt'' (court castle continuation after Hildebrandt) **

Castle, Austria ** Change of Thürnthal Castle in Fels am Wagram, Austria (1725) ** Change of Kirchstetten Castle, Austria ** Change of Jaroslavice Castle, Czech Republic ** Change of Slavkov Castle, Czech Republic ** Change of Židlochovice Castle, Czech Republic ** Change of Vranov nad Dyjí Castle, Czech Republic ** Althan Palace in Vienna, Austria ** Completion

in Vienna, Austria (1728) ** Change of Lamberg Palace in Vienna, Austria (1730) ** Change of Lobkowitz Palace in Vienna, Austria ** Planning of the Knight Academy in

Legnica Legnica (Polish: ; german: Liegnitz, szl, Lignica, cz, Lehnice, la, Lignitium) is a city in southwestern Poland, in the central part of Lower Silesia, on the Kaczawa River (left tributary of the Oder) and the Czarna Woda. Between 1 June 197 ...

, Poland ** Planning of the

Bonțida Bánffy Castle Bánffy Castle is an architectural monument situated in Bonţida, a village in the vicinity of Cluj-Napoca, Romania, with construction phases and stylistic features belonging to Renaissance, Baroque, Neoclassical and Neogothic styles. It is owne ...

, Romania * Sacred buildings: ** Transformation of the Klosterneuburg Monastery, Austria ** St. George's Cathedral in Timișoara, Romania (1736) ** Continuation of Karlskirche in Vienna, Austria ** Parish church in Grossweikersdorf ** Planning of the parish church in Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou (1758) **Reestablishment of the church and the yard of the parsonage in Šafov, Czech Republic (1745) * Other: ** Building of Wedding Fountain in Vienna by plans of his father ** Honour temples in

Graben, Vienna The Graben is one of the most famous squares in Vienna's first district, the city center. It begins at Stock-im-Eisen-Platz next to the Palais Equitable, and ends at the junction of Kohlmarkt and Tuchlauben. Another street in the first distri ...

Biography

Impact

Works

References

Further reading