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Don José Nicolás de Azara y Perera (5 December 173026 January 1804) was a Spanish
He was born at Barbunales, Dizionario biografico universale
Volume 1, compiled by Gioacchino Maria Olivier-Poli, Naples (1824); page 128-131. He was afterwards Spanish ambassador in Paris. In that post it was his misfortune to be forced by his government to conduct the negotiations which led to the Treaty of San Ildefonso, by which Spain was wholly subjected to
José Nicolás de Azara. Polymath Virtual Library, Fundación Ignacio Larramendi
{{DEFAULTSORT:Azara, Jose Nicolas de 1730 births 1804 deaths People from Somontano de Barbastro Spanish diplomats Spanish collectors Members of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities
Don José Nicolás de Azara y Perera (5 December 173026 January 1804) was a Spanish diplomat
A diplomat (from grc, δίπλωμα; romanized ''diploma'') is a person appointed by a state or an intergovernmental institution such as the United Nations or the European Union to conduct diplomacy with one or more other states or interna ...
.
Life
He was born at Barbunales, Aragon
Aragon ( , ; Spanish and an, Aragón ; ca, Aragó ) is an autonomous community in Spain, coextensive with the medieval Kingdom of Aragon. In northeastern Spain, the Aragonese autonomous community comprises three provinces (from north to s ...
, and was appointed in 1765 Spanish agent and procurator-general, and in 1785 ambassador
An ambassador is an official envoy, especially a high-ranking diplomat who represents a state and is usually accredited to another sovereign state or to an international organization as the resident representative of their own government or s ...
at Rome
, established_title = Founded
, established_date = 753 BC
, founder = King Romulus ( legendary)
, image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg
, map_caption ...
. During his long residence there he distinguished himself as a collector of Italian antiquities and as a patron of art. He was a follower of Johann Joachim Winckelmann
Johann Joachim Winckelmann (; ; 9 December 17178 June 1768) was a German art historian and archaeologist. He was a pioneering Hellenist who first articulated the differences between Greek, Greco-Roman and Roman art. "The prophet and foundin ...
and bought the posthumous portrait painted as a memorial to him by Mengs. Some of the items in his collection came from excavations he conducted near Rome.
He was also an able and active diplomat, took a lead part in the difficult and hazardous task of the expulsion of the Jesuits
, image = Ihs-logo.svg
, image_size = 175px
, caption = ChristogramOfficial seal of the Jesuits
, abbreviation = SJ
, nickname = Jesuits
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, founders = ...
from Spain, and was instrumental in securing the election of Pope Pius VI
Pope Pius VI ( it, Pio VI; born Count Giovanni Angelo Braschi, 25 December 171729 August 1799) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 15 February 1775 to his death in August 1799.
Pius VI condemned the French Revoluti ...
. Azara was the Pope's representative during the negotiations with France for the Armistice of Bologna
The Armistice of Bologna was a treaty signed between the Papal States and the French First Republic on 23 June 1796. It resulted in a ceasefire between the two parties that was intended to last until a permanent peace treaty could be signed (the 1 ...
. He withdrew to Florence
Florence ( ; it, Firenze ) is a city in Central Italy and the capital city of the Tuscany region. It is the most populated city in Tuscany, with 383,083 inhabitants in 2016, and over 1,520,000 in its metropolitan area.Bilancio demografico ...
when the French took possession of Rome in 1798, but acted on behalf of the pope during his exile and after his death at Valence in 1799.
Volume 1, compiled by Gioacchino Maria Olivier-Poli, Naples (1824); page 128-131. He was afterwards Spanish ambassador in Paris. In that post it was his misfortune to be forced by his government to conduct the negotiations which led to the Treaty of San Ildefonso, by which Spain was wholly subjected to
Napoleon
Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader wh ...
. Azara was friendly to a French alliance, but his experience showed him that his country was being sacrificed to Napoleon. The First Consul liked him personally, and found him easy to influence. Azara died, worn out, in Paris
Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. Si ...
in 1804. His end was undoubtedly embittered by his discovery of the ills which the French alliance must produce for Spain.
Several sympathetic notices of Azara will be found in Thiers, ''Consulat et Empire''. See also ''Reinado de Carles IV'', by Gen. J. Gomez de Arteche, in the ''Historia General dc Espana'', published by the R. Acad. de Ia Historia, Madrid, 1892, &c. There is a ''Notice historique sur le Chevalier d'Azara'' by his friend Bourgoing (1804).
His younger brother Félix de Azara
Félix Manuel de Azara y Perera (18 May 1746 – 20 October 1821) was a Spanish military officer, naturalist, and engineer.
Life
Félix de Azara was born on 18 May 1746 in Barbunales, Aragon. He joined the army and attended a Spanish military ...
(1746–1821) was a noted naturalist in South America.
References
Bibliography
* * * ;Attribution :External links
José Nicolás de Azara. Polymath Virtual Library, Fundación Ignacio Larramendi
{{DEFAULTSORT:Azara, Jose Nicolas de 1730 births 1804 deaths People from Somontano de Barbastro Spanish diplomats Spanish collectors Members of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities