John of Palisna ( hr, Ivan od Paližne, la, Joannes de Palisna) (? – 23 March 1391) was a
Croatian knight and warrior,
prior of Vrana, and
Ban of Croatia
Ban of Croatia ( hr, Hrvatski ban) was the title of local rulers or office holders and after 1102, viceroys of Croatia. From the earliest periods of the Croatian state, some provinces were ruled by bans as a ruler's representative (viceroy) an ...
.
Prior of Vrana
It is unclear when John of Palisna became prior of
Vrana.
[Hunyadi and Laszlovszky (2001), pp. 285–290.] In May 1381 he was already prior, because the citizens of
Zadar
Zadar ( , ; historically known as Zara (from Venetian and Italian: ); see also other names), is the oldest continuously inhabited Croatian city. It is situated on the Adriatic Sea, at the northwestern part of Ravni Kotari region. Zadar ser ...
were complaining about him to the
King of Hungary and Croatia.
He co-ruled with relative Ivan (John) Anjou Horvat de Radics as a Ban of Croatia from 1385 to 1386, and in 1389.
In 1389, groups of crusaders linked to the
Knights Hospitaller
The Order of Knights of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem ( la, Ordo Fratrum Hospitalis Sancti Ioannis Hierosolymitani), commonly known as the Knights Hospitaller (), was a medieval and early modern Catholic military order. It was headq ...
under a ''Domine Johanne Bano'' are mentioned as fighting in the
battle of Kosovo in Annales Forolivienses. ''Domine Johanne Bano'' most probably refers to John of Palisna, although identification with a
John Horvat has also been proposed. In the same year, John lost one of his last strongholds in Croatia, the
Klis Fortress
) from Vrana, in the name of Bosnian King Tvrtko I
* 1394–1401 Ban Nikola II Gorjanski in the name of Sigismund
* 1401–1434 Croatian noble Prince Ivaniš Nelipić
* 1434–1436 Croatian noble and Ban of Croatia Ivan Frankopan, at that ...
. Without the help from the Kingdom of Bosnia, John was unable to resist
Sigismund's allies, especially when he personally went away, to fight against the Ottomans.
[ H. Gračanin, Ivan paližna u povijesnim vrelima i historiografiji, 2011. https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/114280 pp. 240-247]
Plot against Elizabeth
John of Palisna opposed the rule of
Elizabeth of Bosnia
Elizabeth of Bosnia ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=/, Elizabeta Kotromanić, Елизабета Котроманић; hu, Kotromanics Erzsébet; pl, Elżbieta Bośniaczka; – January 1387) was queen consort of Hungary and Croatia, as well ...
.
[Fine (The Late Medieval Balkans – 1994), p. 395.] He was mainly opposed to the centralizing policy which Elizabeth's husband had enforced.
He hoped to regain local independence by rising against Elizabeth.
Elizabeth's own first cousin, King Tvrtko, with whom she was raised, decided to take advantage of Louis' death and Elizabeth's unpopularity by trying to recover the
Dalmatian lands he had lost to Louis in 1357.
John of Palisna asked Tvrtko for help but was ultimately defeated by Elizabeth's army and forced to flee to Bosnia.
See also
*
Knights Hospitaller
The Order of Knights of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem ( la, Ordo Fratrum Hospitalis Sancti Ioannis Hierosolymitani), commonly known as the Knights Hospitaller (), was a medieval and early modern Catholic military order. It was headq ...
*
Klis Fortress
) from Vrana, in the name of Bosnian King Tvrtko I
* 1394–1401 Ban Nikola II Gorjanski in the name of Sigismund
* 1401–1434 Croatian noble Prince Ivaniš Nelipić
* 1434–1436 Croatian noble and Ban of Croatia Ivan Frankopan, at that ...
*
Elizabeth of Bosnia
Elizabeth of Bosnia ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=/, Elizabeta Kotromanić, Елизабета Котроманић; hu, Kotromanics Erzsébet; pl, Elżbieta Bośniaczka; – January 1387) was queen consort of Hungary and Croatia, as well ...
References
Footnotes
Bibliography
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{{DEFAULTSORT:John Of Palisna
Bans of Croatia
Medieval Croatian nobility
14th-century Croatian people
14th-century Croatian military personnel