John Stewart, 7th Earl of Galloway, (13 March 1736 – 13 November 1806), styled Viscount Garlies from 1747 until 1773, was a British peer who became the 7th

Earl of Galloway Earl of Galloway is a title in the Peerage of Scotland. It was created in 1623 for Alexander Stewart, 1st Lord Garlies, with remainder to his heirs male bearing the name and arms of Stewart. He had already been created Lord Garlies in the Peer ...

in 1773 and served as a

Member of Parliament A member of parliament (MP) is the representative in parliament of the people who live in their electoral district. In many countries with bicameral parliaments, this term refers only to members of the lower house since upper house members o ...

from 1761 to 1773.

Early life

John Stewart was the eldest son and second child of Alexander Stewart, 6th Earl of Galloway (–1773) and his, second wife, Lady Catherine Cochrane. His older sister, Lady Susanna Stewart (d. 1805), married Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Marquess of Stafford. His other siblings included Admiral the Honourable Keith Stewart of

Glasserton Glasserton is a civil parish in Dumfries and Galloway, south-west Scotland. It is on the Machars peninsula, in the traditional county of Wigtownshire. The parish is about in length, varying in breadth from , and contains . The Parish It is th ...

(1739–1795), Lady Margaret Stewart (d. 1762), Lady Charlotte Stewart (d. 1818) who married John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore, Lady Catherine Stewart (b. ), and Lady Harriet Stewart (d. 1788) who married

Archibald Hamilton, 9th Duke of Hamilton Archibald Hamilton, 9th Duke of Hamilton and 6th Duke of Brandon (15 July 1740 – 16 February 1819) was a Scottish peer and politician. Background and education Hamilton was the second son of the 5th Duke of Hamilton, by his third wife, Ann ...

. His paternal grandparents were

James Stewart, 5th Earl of Galloway Earl of Galloway is a title in the Peerage of Scotland. It was created in 1623 for Alexander Stewart, 1st Lord Garlies, with remainder to his heirs male bearing the name and arms of Stewart. He had already been created Lord Garlies in the Peera ...

and Catherine ( née Montgomerie), a daughter of

Alexander Montgomerie, 9th Earl of Eglinton Alexander is a male given name. The most prominent bearer of the name is Alexander the Great, the king of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia who created one of the largest empires in ancient history. Variants listed here are Aleksandar, Al ...

. His mother was the youngest daughter of John Cochrane, 4th

Earl of Dundonald Earl of Dundonald is a title in the Peerage of Scotland. It was created in 1669 for the Scottish soldier and politician William Cochrane, 1st Lord Cochrane of Dundonald, along with the subsidiary title of Lord Cochrane of Paisley and Ochiltre ...

Career

He was elected one of the representative peers, representing the Peerage of Scotland in the

House of Lords The House of Lords, also known as the House of Peers, is the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Membership is by appointment, heredity or official function. Like the House of Commons, it meets in the Palace of Westminste ...

, in 1774 and sat there until the 1790s. From 1783 until his death he was a

Lord of the Bedchamber Gentleman of the Bedchamber was a title in the royal household of the Kingdom of England from the 11th century, later used also in the Kingdom of Great Britain. A Lord of the Bedchamber was a courtier in the Royal Household; the term being fir ...

King George III George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 173829 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of the two kingdoms on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Br ...

. The Earl, a

Tory A Tory () is a person who holds a political philosophy known as Toryism, based on a British version of traditionalism and conservatism, which upholds the supremacy of social order as it has evolved in the English culture throughout history. The ...

, was the target of two hostile poems by

Robert Burns Robert Burns (25 January 175921 July 1796), also known familiarly as Rabbie Burns, was a Scottish poet and lyricist. He is widely regarded as the national poet of Scotland and is celebrated worldwide. He is the best known of the poets who hav ...

, ''John Bushby's Lamentation'' and ''On the Earl of Galloway''. Galloway, a frequent opera-goer, was caricatured by

James Gillray James Gillray (13 August 1756Gillray, James and Draper Hill (1966). ''Fashionable contrasts''. Phaidon. p. 8.Baptism register for Fetter Lane (Moravian) confirms birth as 13 August 1756, baptism 17 August 1756 1June 1815) was a British caricatur ...

in ''An Old Encore at the Opera!'' of 1803. In 1762,

James Boswell James Boswell, 9th Laird of Auchinleck (; 29 October 1740 ( N.S.) – 19 May 1795), was a Scottish biographer, diarist, and lawyer, born in Edinburgh. He is best known for his biography of his friend and older contemporary the English writer ...

wrote of him that he had ''"a petulant forwardness that cannot fail to disgust people of sense and delicacy"''.Jamesboswell.info
Retrieved 12 July 2011. Besides being a Member of Parliament, Lord Galloway was a Lord of Police from 1768 to 1782, a Representative Peer for Scotland from 1774 to 1790, a

Knight of the Thistle A knight is a person granted an honorary title of knighthood by a head of state (including the Pope) or representative for service to the monarch, the church or the country, especially in a military capacity. Knighthood finds origins in the Gr ...

(1775), and a

from 1784 to 1806. He succeeded his father

Alexander Alexander is a male given name. The most prominent bearer of the name is Alexander the Great, the king of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia who created one of the largest empires in ancient history. Variants listed here are Aleksandar, Al ...

in 1773.

Art patronage

The Earl of Galloway was painted in a miniature by

Nathaniel Hone the Elder Nathaniel Hone (24 April 1718 – 14 August 1784) was an Irish-born portrait and miniature painter, and one of the founder members of the Royal Academy in 1768. Early life The son of a Dublin-based Dutch merchant, Hone moved to Englan ...

, as well as a full portrait by

Anton Raphael Mengs Anton Raphael Mengs (22 March 1728 – 29 June 1779) was a German painter, active in Dresden, Rome, and Madrid, who while painting in the Rococo period of the mid-18th century became one of the precursors to Neoclassical painting, which replace ...

in 1758 when he was Viscount Garlies, which is currently located at The

Los Angeles County Museum of Art The Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA) is an art museum located on Wilshire Boulevard in the Miracle Mile vicinity of Los Angeles. LACMA is on Museum Row, adjacent to the La Brea Tar Pits (George C. Page Museum). LACMA was founded in 19 ...

. His second wife, Anne Dashwood, had a portrait painted of her by

Sir Joshua Reynolds Sir Joshua Reynolds (16 July 1723 – 23 February 1792) was an English painter, specialising in portraits. John Russell said he was one of the major European painters of the 18th century. He promoted the "Grand Style" in painting which depen ...

in 1764. The portrait of Anne is currently located at

The Metropolitan Museum of Art The Metropolitan Museum of Art of New York City, colloquially "the Met", is the largest art museum in the Americas. Its permanent collection contains over two million works, divided among 17 curatorial departments. The main building at 1000 ...

New York City New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the Un ...

. Lady Galloway, along with their daughter Susan Stewart, later Duchess of Marlborough, was also painted by Angelica Kauffmann.

Personal life

On 14 August 1762, he married Lady Charlotte Greville (d. 1763), the daughter of

Francis Greville, 1st Earl of Warwick Francis Greville, 1st Earl of Warwick, KT (10 October 1719 – 8 July 1773), known as Lord Brooke from 1727 to 1746 and Earl Brooke from 1746, was a British nobleman. He inherited Warwick Castle and the title of Baron Brooke from his father in 1 ...

(1719–1773). They had two sons, both of whom died in infancy. After his first wife's early death, he remarried to Anne Dashwood (1743–1830), daughter of Sir James Dashwood, 2nd Baronet, on 13 June 1764. Together, John and Anne were the parents of sixteen children: * Lady Catherine Stewart (1765–1836), who married Sir James Graham, 1st Baronet in 1781. * Hon. Alexander Stewart (1766–1766), who died in infancy. * Lady Susan Stewart (1767–1841), who married

George Spencer-Churchill, 5th Duke of Marlborough George Spencer-Churchill, 5th Duke of Marlborough FSA (6 March 1766 – 5 March 1840), styled Marquess of Blandford until 1817, was a British nobleman, politician, peer, and collector of antiquities and books. He was the first one to specifi ...

in 1791. * Adm.

George Stewart, 8th Earl of Galloway Admiral George Stewart, 8th Earl of Galloway, (24 March 1768 – 27 March 1834), styled Lord Garlies between 1773 and 1806, was a British naval commander and politician. Background Garlies was the eldest son of John Stewart, 7th Earl of Gall ...

(1768–1834), a naval commander and politician. * Lady Anne Harriet Stewart (1769–1850), who married Lord Spencer Chichester in 1795 * Lady Elizabeth Euphemia Stewart (1771–1855), who married William Philips Inge in 1798. * Hon. Leveson Keith Stewart (1772–1780), who died young. * Lady Georgiana Frances Stewart (1776–1804). * Lt.-Gen. Hon. Sir William Stewart (1774–1827), a military officer who was the first Commanding Officer of the

Rifle Corps A rifle corps (russian: стрелковый корпус, translit=strelkovyy korpus) was a Soviet corps-level military formation during the mid-twentieth century. Rifle corps were made up of a varying number of rifle divisions, although the allo ...

, a Division Commander in the

Peninsular War The Peninsular War (1807–1814) was the military conflict fought in the Iberian Peninsula by Spain, Portugal, and the United Kingdom against the invading and occupying forces of the First French Empire during the Napoleonic Wars. In Spain ...

, and an MP. * Rt. Rev. Hon.

Charles James Stewart Charles James Stewart (13 or 16 April 1775 – 13 July 1837) was an English Church of England, clergyman, bishop, and politician. He was the second Bishop of Quebec from 1826 to 1837, and in connection with this was appointed to the Legislat ...

(1775–1837), who became the Bishop of Quebec. * Lady Charlotte Stewart (1777–1842), who married Sir Edward Crofton, 3rd Baronet in 1801. * Lady Caroline Stewart (1778–1818), who married Rev. Hon. George Rushout-Bowles in 1803; mother of

George Rushout, 3rd Baron Northwick George Rushout, 3rd Baron Northwick (30 August 1811 – 11 November 1887), was a British Conservative politician. Background Northwick was the son of George Rushout-Bowles, younger son of John Rushout, 1st Baron Northwick. His mother was Lady ...

. * Hon. Montgomery Granville John Stewart (1780–1860). * Hon. Edward Richard Stewart (1782–1851), an MP who became a Commissioner of the Victualling Board and Paymaster and Inspector-General of the Marines. * Lt.-Col.

James Henry Keith Stewart James Henry Keith Stewart (22 October 1783 – 18 July 1836) was a Scottish Tory Member of Parliament. Stewart was a younger son of John Stewart, 7th Earl of Galloway John Stewart, 7th Earl of Galloway, (13 March 1736 – 13 November 1806), s ...

(1783–1836), who became a

Member of Parliament. * Lady Georgiana Charlotte Sophia Stewart (1785–1809), who married Col. Hon. William Bligh (1775-1845), son of John Bligh, 3rd Earl of Darnley, in 1806. Lord Galloway died on 13 November 1806 and was succeeded in his titles by his eldest surviving son, the Admiral

, who married Lady Jane Paget, the daughter of

Henry Paget, 1st Earl of Uxbridge Henry Paget, 1st Earl of Uxbridge (13 January 166330 August 1743), of Beaudesert, Staffordshire, and West Drayton, Middlesex, was a British landowner and Tory politician who sat in the English and British House of Commons from 1695 until 171 ...

, and sister of Henry Paget, 1st Marquess of Anglesey.

Descendants

His grandson, George Spencer-Churchill (1793–1857), was the 6th Duke of Marlborough, and his brother was

Lord Charles Spencer-Churchill Lord Charles Spencer-Churchill (3 December 1794 – 28 April 1840) was a British army officer and politician. He was the second son of George Spencer-Churchill, 5th Duke of Marlborough and Lady Susan Stewart, daughter of John Stewart, 7th Earl ...

(1794–1840). Through his grandson, he was the 3x great-grandfather of

Winston Churchill Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill (30 November 187424 January 1965) was a British statesman, soldier, and writer who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom twice, from 1940 to 1945 during the Second World War, and again from ...

. His grandson, Randolph Stewart (1800–1873), was the 9th Earl of Galloway and served as

Lord Lieutenant of Kirkcudbright Lord is an appellation for a person or deity who has authority, control, or power over others, acting as a master, chief, or ruler. The appellation can also denote certain persons who hold a title of the peerage in the United Kingdom, or a ...

from 1828 to 1845 and was MP for

Cockermouth Cockermouth is a market town and civil parish in the Borough of Allerdale in Cumbria, England, so named because it is at the confluence of the River Cocker as it flows into the River Derwent. The mid-2010 census estimates state that Cocke ...

from 1826 to 1831. He married Lady Harriet Blanche Somerset, daughter of Henry Somerset, 6th Duke of Beaufort. His grandson, George Rushout (1811–1887), was the 3rd Baron Northwick and served as MP for Evesham from 1837 to 1841 and MP for Worcestershire East from 1847 to 1859. He married the Hon. Elizabeth Augusta, daughter of William Bateman-Hanbury, 1st Baron Bateman and widow of George Drought Warburton, in 1869. His granddaughter, Sophia Bligh, married Henry William Parnell (1809-1896) in 1835, the son of

Henry Parnell, 1st Baron Congleton Henry Brooke Parnell, 1st Baron Congleton PC (3 July 1776 – 8 June 1842), known as Sir Henry Parnell, Bt, from 1812 to 1841, was an Irish writer and Whig politician. He was a member of the Whig administrations headed by Lord Grey and Lord ...

, who was a great uncle of

Charles Stewart Parnell Charles Stewart Parnell (27 June 1846 – 6 October 1891) was an Irish nationalist politician who served as a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1875 to 1891, also acting as Leader of the Home Rule League from 1880 to 1882 and then Leader of the ...

. Henry W. Parnell's sister, Emma Jane Parnell, was married to

Edward Bligh, 5th Earl of Darnley Edward Bligh, 5th Earl of Darnley, FRS (25 February 1795 – 12 February 1835), styled Lord Clifton until 1831, lord of the Manor of Cobham, Kent, was a British peer and politician. Background Darnley was the second but eldest surviving son o ...

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Galloway, John Stewart, 7th Earl of 1736 births 1806 deaths Garlies, John Stewart, Viscount Garlies, John Stewart, Viscount 7 Knights of the Thistle Lord-Lieutenants of Kirkcudbright Lord-Lieutenants of Wigtown Garlies, John Stewart, Viscount Scottish representative peers Peers of Great Britain created by George III