John Lorne Campbell

Dr John Lorne Campbell FRSE LLD OBE ( gd, Iain Latharna Caimbeul) (1906–1996) was a Scottish historian, farmer, environmentalist and folklorist, and recognized scholar of Scottish Gaelic literature.

Early life

According to his biographer, Ray Perman, the family of John Lorne Campbell claimed descent from the Clan Campbell tacksmen of Craignish ( gd, Mac Dúbhghaill Creaginnis, Clan Tearlach), through a son of disinherited 16th-century heir Tearlach Mòr. According to Penman, however, there is no documentary proof that the son of Tearlach Mòr ever existed.

The family is known, however, to have risen from modest beginnings due to the successful military career of General Sir Archibald Campbell during both the Seven Years' War and the American War of Independence, from whom the family estate at Inverneill had been inherited. In later years, John Lorne Campbell always referred to Sir Archibald as his "honoured ancestor" and kept a portrait of him hanging in Canna House.

Campbell was born in an Edinburgh nursing home on 1 October 1906, but taken almost immediately to Inverneill House on the west shore of Loch Fyne, Argyll, Scotland. His father was Lieutenant Colonel Duncan Campbell, 8th of Inverneill (1880-1954) (called "Young Inverneill", to differentiate him from his father, who shared the same first name and military rank). His mother was Ethel Harriet Waterbury, a wealthy and cultured American heiress, from Morristown, New Jersey, whom Lt.-Col. Campbell had married in 1905 to bolster the estate's "flagging finances."

In contrast to his family's tenants, who were mainly Gaelic-speaking Roman Catholics and Presbyterians who attended religious services in nearby Tayvallich, Campbell was raised in the Scottish Episcopal Church and given a staunchly Pro-British and Pro-Unionist upbringing within the Anglo-Scottish gentry of Argyllshire. Campbell later recalled that his family, like the other landowners of Argyll, felt a deep sympathy for the Anglo-Irish landlords and accordingly watched with horror the events of the Easter Rising of 1916 and the Irish War of Independence.

He was educated at Cargilfield School in Edinburgh and then Rugby in England.

As he was expected to inherit the family estate, Campbell's coming of age in 1927 was celebrated with a feast and formal dance inside the massive stone barn at Taynish House. Campbell's Aunt Olive was in charge of organizing the party and invited not only friends and relatives, but also the estate tenants, most of whom her nephew had never met before. The tenants had secretly taken up a collection and gave Campbell a gold pocket watch and a pair of cufflinks. In return, Campbell recited a few words of Gaelic that he had learned for the occasion, ''Tha mi gle thoilichte a bhith comhla ribha nochd.'' ("I am very pleased to be with you tonight.") Campbell was deeply touched by the warm response these words received.

Scottish nationalist

He then attended St John's College, Oxford studying Rural Economy and Celtic. But in 1928, Campbell learned to his horror and devastation that the family's estate was being sold. Even though this was the only way to cover his father's considerable debts, Campbell would always view the sale as proof that his father lacked confidence in his ability to successfully manage the estate. Campbell would always treasure the gold watch and cuff links given by the estate tenants at his coming of age party as a reminder of what might have been.

Campbell graduated in 1929 and receiving an MA in 1933. During this time, Prof John Fraser engendered a strong love of the Scottish Gaelic language and Scottish folklore. In 1933, Campbell published the book ''Highland Songs of the Forty-Five'', consisting of 32 Gaelic song-poems that he had tracked down with Prof. Fraser's assistance in both the Bodleian Library and the British Museum. These were analyzed for political content and published with facing translations into English blank verse. At the time, the real cultural, political, and religious reasons for the Jacobite rising of 1745 had been obscured by the novels of Sir Walter Scott and Robert Louis Stevenson, who both depicted, "the Highlander as a romantic hero fighting a lost cause."

In a conscious rejection of his own family's past, Campbell set out to give, "a voice to the voiceless - ordinary men who had never been allowed to speak for themselves" and wrote in his book, "the Rising of 1745 was the natural reaction of the Jacobite clans and their sympathisers in the Highlands against what had been, since the coming of William of Orange in 1690, a calculated genocidal campaign against the religion of many and the language of all Highlanders." Despite these consciously provoking words, the book received at least some favorable reviews.

In the 1930s Campbell was living on the Hebridean island of Barra where, with the author Compton Mackenzie, he founded the Sea League to fight for the rights of local fisherman and organised a strike of motorists in protest at having to pay tax on an island with no made-up roads.

In addition to his other interests, in 1936 Campbell began to study the distribution and migration of insects. His Hebridean collection, started on Barra in 1936 was continued on Canna from 1938 with the use of a mercury vapour moth trap from 1951 onwards. The collection now consists of 30 cabinet drawers containing 283 species of macrolepidoptera, including the first recorded specimen of the noctuid moth ''Dianthoecia caesia'' taken in Scotland and some other surprises. He was the official migrant recorder for Canna from 1938, and was at times able to get the help of more than one head lighthouse keeper from Hyskeir.

Personal life

On an extremely wet and rainy evening in 1934, Campbell was introduced as "Young Inverneill" to his future wife, Scottish American musicologist Margaret Fay Shaw, by the manager of the Lochboisdale Hotel on South Uist.

Folklorist

In 1937, the Campbells' travelled to Nova Scotia with an Ediphone to record Canadian Gaelic folklore and traditional singers. The Campbells spent six weeks in Cape Breton, where they used the Ediphone to record upon wax cylinders ninety five Gaelic traditional songs and ballads, two games, seven local songs, and three original songs sung by their composer. John Campbell also persuaded (1869–1944), the former editor of the literary magazine '' Mac-Talla'', to introduce him to Gabriel Syllibuy, the Chief of Cape Breton's indigenous Mi'kmaq people. The Campbells recorded Syllibuy as he described, in the Mikmaq language, an account from the oral tradition about the arrival of the first Gaels in the Province. The Campbells also recorded other Mikmaqs singing Roman Catholic plain song hymns in the Mik'maq language.

During their visit, they also called at St. Francis Xavier University, where they met and befriended Fr. Moses Coady, a priest of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Antigonish and the founder of the Antigonish Movement. Campbell was later to praise Fr. Coady's ideas and to suggest that similar activism be introduced to Scotland.

In 1938 the couple bought the island of Canna, south of Skye, and went to live there in Canna House. He farmed the island for 40 years and made it a sanctuary for wildlife. At the same time he continued to record a disappearing Gaelic heritage and to write and publish extensively about Highland culture, Scottish Gaelic literature, and life.

In 1946, John Lorne Campbell was received into the Roman Catholic Church inside St. Ninian's Cathedral in Antigonish, Nova Scotia. In later years, Campbell would often deliberately irk visitors with anti-Catholic or Unionist views by speaking proudly of, "we Papists", or by expressing his beliefs in Scottish nationalism and admiration for the Jacobite risings. His wife Margaret eventually followed him into the Catholic Church in Scotland, but always insisted that her favorite English-language Protestant hymns from her childhood be sung during Low Mass upon Canna, much to the incomprehension of the local population.

Later life

In 1981 Campbell gave Canna to the National Trust for Scotland, but he continued to live on the island. Interviews with Campbell and Shaw were broadcast in 1985 on Scottish Television, in a programme called "Canna – an Island Story".

He died on 25 April 1996 whilst on holiday at Villa San Girolamo in Fiesole in Italy, and in accordance with his wishes was "buried where he fell". In 2006, however, Cambell's body was repatriated and reburied in a birch wood planted by himself near the Catholic chapel on Canna. In 2008, Campbell's headstone was taken from the garden at Taynish House, brought to Canna, and set in a small cairn, with the inscription:
:Iain Latharna Caimbeul
:1. 10. 1906 - 25. 4. 1996
:Fear Chanaidh

His widow remained at Canna House until her death in 2004 at the age of 101.

Legacy

Campbell's partnership with Shaw was professional as well as marital. Together the couple assembled an important archive of both Scottish and Canadian Gaelic folklore, folksongs and poetry, including manuscripts, sound recordings, photographs and film, in an effort inspired by that carried on by Marjory Kennedy-Fraser in the 1900s. The Campbells' three-volume collection of Hebridean folk songs, published between 1969 and 1981, is regarded as a valuable source. The Campbells' archive at Canna House, which is a similarly invaluable source for scholars of Scottish Gaelic literature, Scottish traditional musicians, and folklorists, is now in the possession of the National Trust for Scotland. As of 2013, the many Ediphone wax cylinders, upon which the Campbells' had recorded folklore and traditional music in Scottish Gaelic, Canadian Gaelic, and Mikmaq, were on long term loan to the British Library for the purposes of being digitized. Ray Perman (2013), ''The Man Who Gave Away His Island: A Life of John Lorne Campbell'', Birlinn Limited. Page 62.

A biography of Campbell, ''The Man Who Gave Away His Island'' by Ray Perman, was published by Birlinn Limited in 2010.

Bibliography

Books

* 1933 ''Highland Songs of the Forty Five'' – Translated and edited, with biographies of the poets. Published by John Grant. Second edition, revised, published by the Scottish Gaelic Texts Society in 1984. H2/1/1/1* 1936 ''The Book of Barra'' - with Compton MacKenzie and Carl H.J. Borgstrom. Edited by Campbell. Published by G. Routledge and Sons Ltd., and printed by the Edinburgh Press. Republished by Acair in 1998 H2/1/1/6.* 1958 ''Gaelic Words from South Uist'' – Collected by Fr. Allan MacDonald. Edited, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies. Second edition with supplement, published by the Oxford University Press, N.D 1972. H2/1/1/13* 1960 ''Tales from Barra'', Told by the Coddy. Edited, with foreword by Compton MacKenzie and introduction by Campbell who also transcribed the Gaelic versions. The tales in English ost of them in the bookwere taken down in shorthand by Sheila Lockett. The Coddy John_MacPherson,_North_Bay,_Barra.html" ;"title="John Macpherson (minister)">John MacPherson, North Bay, Barra">John Macpherson (minister)">John MacPherson, North Bay, Barrawas one of the few Gaelic storytellers equally fluent in Gaelic and English. Privately printed. Birlinn Ltd 1997. Reprinted in 2001 by Birlinn. [CH2/1/1/5
* 1962 ''The Furrow Behind Me'', told by Angus MacLelllan, South Uist. Recorded in Gaelic and translated from the recordings, with notes by Campbell RKP. A Country Book Club Choice in 1963. 2nd edition 1997 by Birlinn Ltd. Reprinted in 2002. [CH2/1/1/4]
* 1963 ''Edward Lhuyd in the Scottish Highlands'' – with Derick Thomson. Oxford University Press. [Lhuyd's diaries of his travels in the Highlands 1699–1700 had been lost but, with the help of W. O'Sullivan, keeper of the manuscripts at Trinity College, Dublin, his rough notes written mostly in Welsh were discovered. These were translated by Derick Thomson. The book also contains the Scottish Gaelic words noted by Lhuyd that correspond to entries in John Ray's ''Dictionariolum Trilingue''. Walter Blaikie on his tour of the Jacobite highlands and islands in 1897, kindly made available by P.J.W. Kilpatrick. Routledge & Kegan Paul 2nd edition 1997 by Birlinn. Reprinted 2001-2003 [CH2/1/1/10]
* 1965 ''Bardachd Mhgr Ailein: The Gaelic Poems of Fr Allan McDonald of Eriskay (1859–1905)'', transcribed by Campbell from his manuscript and edited with some translations. Privately. H2/1/1/13* 1968 ''Strange Things: The Story of Fr Allan McDonald, Ada Goodrich Freer, and the Society for Psychical Research's Enquiry into Highland Second Sight'', with the story of Ada Goodrich Freer, the Ballechin House ghost hunt, and the stories and folklore collected by Fr. Allan MacDonald of Eriskay. With Trevor H. Hall. Routledge & Kegan Paul. The book is an exposure of Ada Goodrich Freer's questionable mediumship, and her plagiarisation of Fr. Allan MacDonald's folklore collection in various articles and lectures. H2/1/1/13* 1969 ''Hebridean Folksongs'', with Francis Collinson. Vol. II 1977, Vol. III 1981 Oxford University Press. The first volume is based on the collection of waulking songs made by Donald MacCormik, who was school attendance officer, in South Uist in 1893. Campbell found translations of about half the songs made by Fr. Allan McDonald, in the Carmichael papers in Edinburgh University Library, and completed the translation and added notes and a large glossary. The airs were transcribed by F. Collinson from Campbell's recordings made between 1938 and 1965; he also wrote the musicological chapters. Volumes II and III are based entirely on Campbell's recordings. The singers were from Benbecula, South Uist, Eriskay, Vatersay, Barra, and Cape Breton. The three books contain 135 songs connected with the waulking of the homespun tweed cloth; such waulkings, by hand, appear to have died out in the early 1950s. The books are a source for many of the originals of Mrs Marjory Kennedy-Fraser's art songs in her ''Songs of the Hebrides''.
* 1972 ''Saoghal an Treobhaiche''. he Ploughman's World The Gaelic original of "The Furrow Behind Me". Published by the Gaelic Book Club, this first appeared in the Norwegian learned journal ''Lochlann'' in 1965.
* 1975 ''A Collection of Highland Rites and Customes''. Copied by Edward Lhuy from the manuscript of the Rev. James Kirkwood 650–1709and annotated by him huydwith the aid of the Rev. John Beaton. Edited by Campbell from the manuscript Carte 269 of the Bodleian Library. Published by D.S. Brewer for the Folklore Society Mistletoe Series.
* 1984 ''Canna: The Story of a Hebridean Island''. Published by the Oxford University Press for the National Trust for Scotland. Revised reprint 1986, 1994, 2000.
* 1990 ''Songs Remembered in Exile: Traditional Gaelic Songs from Nova Scotia Recorded in Cape Breton and Antigonish County in 1937, with an Account of the Causes of the Highland Emigration, 1790–1835''. Tunes mostly transcribed by Séamus Ennis; illustrations by Margaret Fay Shaw. Published by Aberdeen University Press 1990, Reprint 1999 by Birlinn.

Shorter items

* 1936 ORAIN GHAIDHLIG LE SEONAIDH CAIMBEUL, the Gaelic Songs of Shony Campbell, the South Lochboisdale bard. Transcribed by John MacInnes MBE And prepared for publication by JLC. Privately, revised Reprint 1937. 880 copies printed in all.
* 1938 SGEUL AN DRAOIDH EILE. Henry van Dyke's story ''The Other Wise Man'' Gaelic translation by J.G. Mackinnon founder and editor of the Canadian Gaelic fortnightly MAC TALLA, 1892–1904, prepared for publication in Scotland by JLC. Privately. [J.G. Mackinnon, who lived in Cape Breton, is wrongly stated in MacLean's [Typographia Scoto- Gadelica] to have died in 1904; he lived until 1944. JLC met him in Cape Breton in 1932 and again 1937].
* 1939 SIA SGIALACHDAN, Six Gaelic Stories from South Uist and Barra. Taken down by JLC and edited with English precis. Privately. nly 250 copies were printed; but many more could have been sold. The late Professor Séamus Ó Duilearga informed JLC that this booklet had roused the Irish Folklore Commission to the fact that the Scottish Gaelic oral tradition was still alive in the Outer Hebrides].
* 1939 ACT NOW FOR THE HIGHLANDS AND ISLANDS. With Sir Alexander MacEwen. Saltire Society. This pamphlet made the first suggestion of the creation of a Highland Development Board, which was envisaged as something on the lines of the old Land Court. Amongst matters discussed were transport, the cooperative movement in Nova Scotia, and the Norwegia Government's protection of Norwegian sea fisheries.
* 1944 AN TRIUIR CHOIGREACH. J.G. MacKinnon's translation of Thomas Hardy's story ''The Three Strangers'' into Canadian Gaelic. Prepared for publication in Scotland by JLC. Privately.
* 1945 GAELIC IN SCOTTISH EDUCATION AND LIFE. Saltire Society written in the lines of "Welsh in Education and Life" The report of the Departmental Committee appointed by the President of the Board of Education, 1927. Second edition revised, 1950.
* 1950 GAELIC FOLKSONGS FROM THE ISLE OF BARRA, with Annie Johnston and John MacLean M.A. Linguaphone Co. for the Folklore Institute of Scotland Book of words with five twelve inch. 78 r.p.m. discs. Many of the songs later appeared in the three volumes of Hebridean Folksongs with musical transcriptions by Francis Collison.
* 1954 FR. ALLAN MACDONALD OF ERISKAY, PRIEST, POET FOLKLORIST. Oliver & Boyd, for the author. Based on a Broadcast talk given at St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia. in May 1953. econd Edition revised 1956
* 1965 THE STORY OF CONALL GULBANN, Son of the King of Ireland; versions recorded from Neil MacNeil, Isle of Barra, and Angus MacLellan MBE, South Uist. Gaelic Texts and English precis. Reprinted from the Transactions of the Gaelic Society of Inverness, Vol. XLIV. Transactions of recordings made in February 1950 and September 1960. The Story of Conall Gulban is one of the great romantic stories of Gaelic oral tradition, and in these versions of it the two-story tellers recorded reveal their full artistry.
* 1965 PROVERBS FROM THE ISLE OF BARRA, Collected by the late Neil Sinclair. Prepared for publication and printed in Vol. X of Scottish Gaelic Studies. Private reprint.
* 1968 SCOTTISH GAELIC PROVERBS; Seanfhocail agus Comhadan. No. 11 of Highland Information Pamphlets. Published by An Comunn Gaidhealach.
* 1975 OUR BARRA YEARS. emories of the Isle of Barra and of Sir Compton MacKenzie, 1933–1938Reprinted privately from the Scots Magazine, August and September,1975.
* 1982 NOTES ON CARMINA GADELICA. Reprint of two articles and reviews in Scottish Gaelic Studies.

Articles and reviews in journals

SCOTTISH GAELIC STUDIES.
* 1935 Vol. IV p. 18. Some notes on the poems of Alexander MacDonald. CH2/1/5/6
* ------------p. 24. The Lost Songs of the forty-Five.
* ------------p. 70,153. Gaelic MS LXIII of the National Library.
* 1942 Vol.V .p. 76 An Early Scottish Gaelic Vocabulary. [this is found as Appendix n.11 in W. Nicolson's "Scottish Historical Library". It turned to be a translation of part of John Ray's Dictionariolum Trilingue.
* 1949 Vol.VI p. 27. Some Words from the Vocabulary of Alexander MacDonald. CH2/1/5/16 [34] 1947--------p. 43. The Second Edition of Alexander MacDonald's Poems [JLC found the sole copy known to exist bound up with other material in the Marquess of Bute's Library.] CH2/1/5/16
* -------p. 212. Hiatus in Hebridean Place-Names of Norse origin.
* 1953 Vol. VII p. 196. Lexicographical Notes.
* 1961 Vol. IX p. 39. The Royal Irish Academy Text of "Birlinn Chlann Raghnaill" lexander MacDonald's well known poemCH2/1/5/16.
* -------- p. 89. Varia: Scottish Gaelic Translations of John Ray's Dictionariolum Trilingue.
* The beginning of Mac Vurich's Panegyrick on the MacLeans.
* Bibliographical Note on 'Gearan Brathar' f which JLC acquired what may be the only existing copy* 1965 Vol. X p. 178 Gaelic Proverbs from the Isle of Barra, collected by the late Neil Sinclair who was the schoolmaster at Northbay, and a brother of Donald Sinclair the bardCH2/1/5/17.
* -------- p. 209. Varia; a Confusion of References in the Second Edition of Alexander MacBain's Etymological Gaelic Dictionary.
* Other references in MacBain's Dictionary
* A dating error in Máire MacNeill's ''Lughnasa''.
* The Chimeric Folktale in the Lowlands.
* Gaelic Numerals recorded in Wafer's Account of Darien.
* Gaelic in Jamaica in 1768.
* ------- p. 235. Review of Annie M. MacKenzie's edition of Orain Iain Luim, Songs of John MacDonald, Bard of Keppoch.
* ------- p . Review of 'More West Highland Tales' Vol.2
* 1968 Vol. XI p. 171. Notes on the Poems ascribe to Mary MacLeod in D.C. MacPherson's Duanaire.
* ------ p. 262. Review of Cathaldus Giblin OFM 'The Irish Franciscan Mission to Scotland, 1619–1646'.
* 1971 Vol. XII p. 59. The Expurgating of MacMhaighstir Alasdair lexander MacDonald's Gaelic Poems
* 1976------ p. 290 Review of Vol. VI of Carmina Gadelica, edited by Angus Matheson.
* ------- p. 300 Review of William Matheson's edition of the Gaelic poems of the Blind Harper, An Clarsair Dall. * ------ p. 304 Review of Mario M. Rossi's edition and Italian translation of the original text of Kirk's 'Secret Commonwealth', Il Capellano delle Fate. work previously almost entirely unnoticed in Scotland
* 1978 Vol. XIII p. 1 Notes on Hamish Robertson's Studies in Carmichael's Carmina Gadelica.
* ------ p. 183. Carmina Gadelica George Henderson's Corrections and Suggestions. o check foreview of the Gaelic writings of the Rev. Dr. Kenneth Macleod.
CONTRIBUTION TO THE SCOTTISH HISTORICAL REVIEW.
* 1954 Vol. XXXIII p. 175. The Norse Language in Orkney in 1725 also: 1959Vol. XXXVIII p. 70. Review of the Scottish Highlands a Short History, by W.R. Kermack.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE INNES REVIEW
* 1953 Vol. IV p. 42. Some Notes and Comments on "The Irish Franciscan Mission to Scotland by Rev. Cathaldus Giblin OFM. 01953------ p. 110. The Letter sent by Iain Muideartach, twelfth Chief of Clanranald, to Pope Urban VIII, in 1626..
* 1954 Vol. V p. 33. The MacNeils of Barra and the Irish Franciscans.
* 1956 Vol. VII p. 101. The Sources of the Gaelic Hymnal, 1893 he hymnal compiled and partly composed by Fr. Allan McDonald of Eriskay
* 1966 Vol. XVII p. 82. The MacNeils of Barra in the Forty-five ith Constance Eastwick
* 1989Vol. XL p. 72 d.Blairs College in 1883, by Mgr. Canon W. MacMaster.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO SCOTTISH STUDIES
* 1958 Vol. 2, p.175. The Late Fr. Allan McDonald, Miss Goodrich Freer, and Hebridean Folklore. [The original exposure of Ada Goodrich Freer's plagiarization of Fr. Allan McDonald's folklore collection, developed later into JLC's part of Strange Things, see n.10
* 1966 Vol. 10, p. 193. Angus MacLellan MBE ["Aonghus Beag"].[Obituary of Angus MacLellan the famous South Uist storyteller, see Ns.5 and 6]
CONTRIBUTION TO AMERICAN SPEECH
* 1936 Vol. XI p. 128. Scottish Gaelic in Canada.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE JOURNAL OF CELTIC STUDIES
* 1953 Vol. II p. 134. Some Errors in the Names of Animals in Gaelic Dictionaries. 91958------ p. 214. Some Errors in Professor Hume Brown's Edition of Donald Munro's Description of the Western Islands.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO CELTICA
* 1960 Vol. V p. 218. The Tour of Edward Lhuyd in Ireland.
* 1976 Vol. XI p. 34. Unpublished Letters by Edward Lhuyd in the National Library of Scotland. his was the Miles Dillon Memorial Volume of CelticaCONTRIBUTIONS TO EIGSE
* 1939 Vol. I p. 309. Note on the Hebridean version of the song Cailin o Chois tsiuire me
* 1940 Vol. II p. 44. Note on the Gaelic word Cuilbheir.
* 1952Vol. VI p. 146. An Account of some Irish Harpers, as given by Echlin O'Kean, Harper, Anno 1779. he original is in JLC's family papers.* 1956 Vol. VIII p. 87. Some Notes on Scottish Gaelic Waulking Songs. 6----- p. 261. The Text of Carmina Gadelica.
* 1958 Vol. IX p. 57. Notes on Alexander MacDonald's 'Oran a' Gheamhraidh'. 8------ p. 129. More Notes on Scottish Gaelic Waulking Songs. 9----- p. 165. Note on the word ucaire waulker* 1961 Vol. X p. 176. Note on Hebridean eisdeacht confessionAlexander MacDonald's oran a' Gheamhraidh.
CARMINA GADELICA 1983 REPRINT
* 1982 Vol.I. Introduction. uotes from letters from Fr. Allan McDonald to Alexander CarmichaelCONTRIBUTION TO LOCHLANN
* 1972 Vol. V. Angus MacLellan: Saoghal an Treobhaiche, The Autobiography of a Hebridean Crofter. [Lochlann appeared as supplementary volumes to the Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap. The Norwegian Journal of Linguistics. Saoghal an Treobhaiche occupied the whole of vol. V of Lochlann. See ns.6 and 12 here.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO ETUDES CELTIQUES
* 1954 Vol. VI p. 216. Obituary, Jonathan MacKinnon. [Jonathan MacKinnon 1870–1944 was the founder publisher and editor of the Gaelic paper MacTalla, which ran from 1892 to 1904 at Sydney, Cape Breton.] See nrs. 17 and 20.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO AN GAIDHEAL
* 1835 Catalogue of the 1776 Eigg Collection of Gaelic poetry, published by Ranald MacDonald.
* Catalogue of the Turner Collection of Gaelic poetry, published by Peter Turner, 1813. hese are two very important collections* Remarks in the Margin of MS XL of the National Library of Scotland's Gaelic MSS. ossibly connected with Alexander MacDonald
* ay Issue The Dimensions of an Harp. From Gaelic MS LXV of the National Library of Scotland.
* 1951 Vol. XLVI p. 43. Alexander MacDonald's 'Oganaich uir a' Chuil Teudaich'. Full text of song of which only five couplets were previously known, from truncated version in MS LXIII of the National Library of Scotland; to the complete version, containing 41 couplets, was found by JLC in the Carmichael papers in Edinburgh University Library. Later published with translation in Vol. III of Hebridean Folksongs, p. 132.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO GAIRM
* 1952-3 Vol. 1, pt. 1, 51; pt. 2, 71; 3, 65; 4, 31; Vol. II, 37. Leabhar-Latha Mhgr. Ailein r. Allan McDonald's diary 1897–98, kept in Gaelic in March 1898* Vol. 2, p. 71. A' Chaileag Mheallta. True story recorded from Murdo MacKinnon,Isle of Barra, on 5/1/1950.
* ----- p. 271. Dunnchadh Ciobair an Ceann Bharraidh, True story recorded from Neil MacNeil, Barra on 7/4/1951
* 1954 Vol. 3, p. 58. Catriana Nighean Eachainn. True story recorded from Peigi MacRae on 23 May 1951. Translation later published in the Scots Magazine, October 1955.
* 1957 Vol. 5, p. 313. An doigh air an rachadh taigh dubh a thogail. Air innse le Dunnchadh Domhnallach. he way a black house was built. Recorded from Duncan MacDonald, South Uist. The Well-known Gaelic storyteller, who was a mason himself, on 8 August 1951* Vol. 3, p. 360. Mgr. Ailean anns a' Cholaiste. assages from Fr. Allan MacDonald's Notebook kept at Valladolid when he was a student, including a diary of Christmas Week 1880 fter 1947 JLC with the help of various friends traced the papers and folklore collections of Fr. Allan MacDonald, which had been missing since his death in 1905* 1956 Vol. 4 p. 56. Boidse chon nam Faero. JLC's account of a visit to the Faeroes in May 1955.
* 1957 Vol. 6 p. 37. Eideard Lhuyd agus Archaeologia Britannica. LC's account of Edward Lhuyd and his famous book, 1707* 1958 Vol. 7 p. 157. Cogadh nan Trosg. [JLC's account of the Cod War with Iceland, sympathetic to Icelandic fishery limits at sea, which it was claimed should apply around the Hebrides.
* --------- p. 369 Litir bho Dhomhnall MacCarmaig d'a Charaid Calum. A Letter from Donald MacCormick [see n.11] to his friend Calum. Discovered by JLC in Donald MacCormick's papers. D.M. is also mentioned in N.8.
* 1960 Vol.8 p. 314. A' Chiad uair a dh'fhag mi Uibhist Air innse le Bean Nill.
* 1963 Vol. 11 p. 313 Anna Nic Iain. Obituary of Miss Annie Johnston in Gaelic by JLC.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO TOCHER
* 1974 No.13 p. 162. Annie and Calum Johnston; an appreciation by JLC. nnie d.1963 and Calum d.1972were personal friends and helpers of JLC and well known to folklorists who had anything to do with Barra from Mrs Kennedy Fraser onwards. See Nos. 11 and 22 here]
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE AMERICAN NEW CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA
* 1967 Articles on: Gaelic Literature
* 1967 Alexander MacDonald
* 1967 Fr. Allan McDonald
* 1967 Dr. Calum MacLean
CONTRIBUTIONS TO "OUTLOOK"

Outlook was a monthly magazine published at Edinburgh from April 1936 to January 1937, edited by David MacEwen and J.H. Whyte. JLC contributed four of Deonaidh Caimbeul's Gaelic stories which later appeared in SIA SGIALACHDAN, several articles and reviews.
* 1937 Jan: p. 105. Leum Iain Oig ann am Miu'alaidh, Young John's Leap on Mingulay, a story sent to JLC by Donald MacPhee.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE COMPANION OF GAELIC STUDIES, Edited by Derick S. Thomson.
* 1938 Articles on: Ada Goodrich Freer ee no.10 Annie Johnston, Calum Johnston, Edward Lhuyd, Donald MacCormick, Fr. Allan McDonald, D.C. MacPherson ee No. 49CONTRIBUTION OF THE SECOND EDITION OF THEODOR RESEBERY "MICROBES AND MORALS"
* 1975 English translation of Alexander MacDonald's poem "TINNEAS NA H URCHAID" [The Vexatious Sickness, on the coming of VD to Ardnamurchan in the first part of the eighteenth century, probably brought by workers in the Strontian Mines employed by the York Building Company. See No 28. Apparently this poem had not been translated before]
CYMMRODORION SOCIETY TRANSACTIONS
* 1962 P. 77, The contributions of Edward Lhuyd to the Study of Scottish Gaelic
THE SCOTSMAN
* 1933 January 30. Scottish Gaelic in Canada. [This included a summary of the returns to an attempted census of Gaelic speakers in Cape Breton and Antigonish Country, Nova Scotia, and eastern Prince Edwaard Island, based on a questionnaire sent by JLC to Clergymen of various denominations. In 1949, 1950 and 1951 JLC wrote articles in the Scotsman urging the interest of the Gaelic oral tradition and the creation of a Scottish Folklore Commission for the purpose of recording it comprehensively in time.
THE SCOTS MAGAZINE
* 1935 October. Alexander MacDonald Portrait of a Traditionalist. 181937 The First Printed Gaelic Vocabulary. lexander MacDonald's"Galick and English Vocabulary" prepared for the SPCK and published in 1741. Quoting SPCK Minutes at length.
* 1938 Sept., Oct. A Visit to Cape Breton. escribes the visit of JLC and his wife to Cape Breton in search of traditional Gaelic songs. The first such visit from Scotland* 1944 Sept., Obituary of Roderick MacKinnon, traditional Barra singer.
* 1952 Oct., Obituary of Seonaidh Caimbeul, Uist Gaelic bard.
* 1953 Oct., Highland Links with Nova Scotia.
* 1954 Obituary of Duncan MacDonald, S.U. Gaelic Storyteller.
* 1955 Catriana daughter of Hector he S.U. seeress* 1958 Mrs Kennedy Fraser and Songs of the Hebrides.
* 1968 John Duncan, Amy Murray, Evelyn Benedict, their visits to Fr. Allan McDonald on Eriskay. etter[See also no.27. JLC has other articles and letters published in the Scots Magazine.
THE CAPUCCIN ANNUAL
* 1964 The Catholic Isles of Scotland. The Catholic Church in the Hebrides 1560–1760
* REVIEWS Between 1935 and 1974, inclusive, JLC reviewed 53 books on the Highlands and Islands, their history and their folklore, for the Times Literary Supplement. Of these reviews, the following may be mentioned here:
* 7/1/36 Hugh MacDiarmid's translation of Alexander MacDonald's "Birlinn of Clanranad".
* 6/5/55 F. Fraser Darling, " West Highland Survey"
* 24 April 1959 Calum MacLean, "The Highlands"
* 27 May 1955 Ronald Svensson, "Lonely Isles"
* 14 January 1965 F. Fraser Darling and Morton Boyd, "The Highlands and Islands"
* 14 October 1965 T. Steel, "The Life and Death of St. Kilda"
* 24 September 1964 Rev. J. MacKechnie, ed. "The Dewar MSS" vol.1.
Apart from these, JLC has at times reviewed books for An Gaidheal, the Free Man, the Modern Scot, the New Alliance, the Oban Times, Outlook, the Scotsman, the Stornoway Gazette, and the Tablet, as well as writing articles on such subjects for them. Reviews written by JLC for Scottish Gaelic Studies are included in the list under that heading.

Recordings

EDIPHONE: 274 recordings made on Barra and Cape Breton in 1937. Most of the airs of the Cape Breton Gaelic songs have been transcribed by the late Seamus Ennis when working for the Irish Folklore Commission. The words were taken down by JLC in Cape Breton. It is hoped to publish this. No machine is available to play these wax cylinders now.

PRESTO DISC RECORDINGS: The first electrical recordings of traditional Gaelicd songs were made by JLC in Barra in 1938, numbering 110. Very important as some of the singers did not survive until the time of tape. Ten songs from these recordings were published by the Linguaphone Co. for the Folklore Institute of Scotland, of which JLC was president, in 1950; see No.22, 32 more Presto disc recordings were made on Canna in 1942, including one of the late Professor John Fraser.

WEBSTER WIRE RECORDINGS: 1202 recordings made between 1949 and 1957, most between 1949 and 1951 when JLC had a Leverhulme Expense Grant . Some made in Nova Scotia.

GRUNDING TAPE RECORDINGS: 602 made between 1957–1962.

PHILLIPS PORTABLE TAPE RECORDER: 125 recordings made between 1963 and 1969.

CASSETTE RECORDINGS: Made since 1969. Not yet listed.
Most of the wire and tape recordings were made in the southern Outer Hebrides, or from visitors thence to Canna. The reciters who made them, and the help given by collaborators, are described in the Introduction to Hebridean Folksongs Vol. III; transcriptions of the singing of 42 women and 8 men, are represented in the three volumes, which with Angus MacLellan's stories and memoirs and its published in Gairm only represent a fraction of the collection of recordings. Apart from the above recordings, JLC arranged for the making of studio recordings of some of the late Calum Johnston's songs, in Edinburgh in 1948.

Entomology

Besides a large number of notes in entomological journals, the following articles were published:
* 1936 ''Scottish Naturalist'' Nov–Dec. Migrant Lepidoptera in Barra 1936.
* 1938 ---------- Nov–Dec. The Macrolepidoptera of the Parish of Barra.
* 1946 ''The Entomologist'' Vol. 79 p. 49. Catalogue of a Collection of Macro-Lepidoptera made in the Hebrides between 1936 and he present date.
* 1951 An Experiment in Marking Migrant Butterflies. ''ibid.'', vol.84 p. 1. This showed that such butterflies were constantly moving on.
* 1954 ''Scottish Naturalist'' vol.66 p. 101. The Macrolepidoptera of the Island of Canna.
* 1970 '' Entomologist's Record'' vol.81 p. 211,235,292. Macrolepidoptera Cannae. Describes 267 species, 16 species have been added since.
* 1975 Vol.87 p. 161. On the Rumoured Presence of the Large Blue Butterfly (''Maculinea arion'' L.) in the Hebrides.
* 1969 Vol.81 p. 117 Rise and decline of '' Vanessa io'' in the small Isles (Inner Hebrides). Between 1948 and 1965 Campbell made seven small plantations on the Isle of Canna, adding about 20 more acres to the cover for small birds, moths and butterflies.

See also

*Margaret Fay Shaw
*Carter-Campbell of Possil

References

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