John Henderson Knox FRS (1927 – 15 October 2018) was a Professor of Physical Chemistry at the

University of Edinburgh The University of Edinburgh ( sco, University o Edinburgh, gd, Oilthigh Dhùn Èideann; abbreviated as ''Edin.'' in post-nominals) is a public research university based in Edinburgh, Scotland. Granted a royal charter by King James VI in 1 ...

and is considered a distinguished contributor to the fields of

reaction kinetics Chemical kinetics, also known as reaction kinetics, is the branch of physical chemistry that is concerned with understanding the rates of chemical reactions. It is to be contrasted with chemical thermodynamics, which deals with the direction in w ...

and

chromatography In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. The mixture is dissolved in a fluid solvent (gas or liquid) called the ''mobile phase'', which carries it through a system ( ...

Contributions to chemistry

John Knox was an early leader in the field of gas chromatography. As a PhD student in at Pembroke College,

Cambridge Cambridge ( ) is a university city and the county town in Cambridgeshire, England. It is located on the River Cam approximately north of London. As of the 2021 United Kingdom census, the population of Cambridge was 145,700. Cambridge bec ...

, in 1953 Knox, together with his fellow student Howard Purnell, constructed a self-designed gas chromatographer in their lab and used this to pioneer early research in the field. In later experiments Knox was the first to use gas chromatography to measure rate of reaction constants for gaseous chemical reactions. This work enabled greater understanding of mechanisms of combustion and chlorination reactions in science. During a sabbatical with Prof JC Giddings in Utah in 1964, Knox was introduced to column liquid chromatography. Back home in 1969, he published a landmark paper with Mohammed Saleem, which suggested that the highest speed in liquid chromatography would be obtained by using 2 micron porous particles. In the 1970s Knox and his Edinburgh research group invented new micro-particulate packing materials for liquid chromatography, now marketed under the trade name Hypersil. He also invented porous graphitic carbon (now Hypercarb), creating an alternative packing material to silica gels for the industry. Knox's work over this period included development of the Knox Equation, now used commonly to describe the spreading of a solute into bands in liquid chromatography. John Knox was elected a

Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh Fellowship of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (FRSE) is an award granted to individuals that the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Scotland's national academy of science and letters, judged to be "eminently distinguished in their subject". This socie ...

in 1971 and a

Fellow of the Royal Society of London Fellowship of the Royal Society (FRS, ForMemRS and HonFRS) is an award granted by the judges of the Royal Society of London to individuals who have made a "substantial contribution to the improvement of natural knowledge, including mathemati ...

in 1984. Knox was awarded the Golay Medal for Capillary Chromatography in 2000. Since 2008 the

Royal Society of Chemistry The Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) is a learned society (professional association) in the United Kingdom with the goal of "advancing the chemical sciences". It was formed in 1980 from the amalgamation of the Chemical Society, the Royal Inst ...

's Separation Science Group has honoured his contributions with the Knox Award to recognise individuals for influential work in the field.

Contributions to yachting

In retirement John Knox pursued his lifelong interest in yachting, applying scientific rigour to the field of anchoring. He invented the Anchorwatch, a strain gauge which measures the force on an anchor chain, in order to alert crew when their anchor is at risk of slipping during a stormy night. Knox used the Anchorwatch device to establish a testing procedure for measuring an anchor's holding force, and conducted years of experiments on Scotland's beaches to measure the efficiency of most anchor designs available on the global market. His work on anchor testing culminated in the design of his own optimised Knox Anchor, now commercially manufactured in the UK.

Personal life

John Knox celebrated 60 years of marriage to his wife Josephine in March 2017. He died on 15 October 2018 in Edinburgh, aged 90. He is survived by his wife, four sons, 12 grandchildren, and 4 great-grandchildren.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Knox, John British chemists 1927 births 2018 deaths Yachting Academics of the University of Edinburgh Fellows of the Royal Society English inventors Alumni of Pembroke College, Cambridge