John Grey, 1st Earl of Tankerville
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John Grey, 1st Earl of Tankerville ''
jure uxoris ''Jure uxoris'' (a Latin phrase meaning "by right of (his) wife"), citing . describes a title of nobility used by a man because his wife holds the office or title ''suo jure'' ("in her own right"). Similarly, the husband of an heiress could becom ...
'' 6th Lord of Powys (after 1384 – 22 March 1421), KG, was an
English English usually refers to: * English language * English people English may also refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England ** English national ide ...
peer who served with distinction in the
Hundred Years' War The Hundred Years' War (; 1337–1453) was a series of armed conflicts between the kingdoms of Kingdom of England, England and Kingdom of France, France during the Late Middle Ages. It originated from disputed claims to the French Crown, ...
between England and France under King
Henry V Henry V may refer to: People * Henry V, Duke of Bavaria (died 1026) * Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor (1081/86–1125) * Henry V, Duke of Carinthia (died 1161) * Henry V, Count Palatine of the Rhine (c. 1173–1227) * Henry V, Count of Luxembourg (121 ...
.


Origins

John Grey was the second son of Sir Thomas Grey (1359– 26 November 1400), of Berwick and
Chillingham Castle Chillingham Castle is a medieval castle in the village of Chillingham in the northern part of Northumberland, England. It was the seat of the Grey and Bennett (later Earls of Tankerville) families from the 15th century until the 1980s, when it b ...
, by his wife Joan Mowbray (d. 1410), a daughter of
John de Mowbray, 4th Baron Mowbray John (III) de Mowbray, 4th Baron Mowbray (24 June 1340 – 19 October 1368) was an English peer. He was slain near Constantinople while en route to the Holy Land. Family John de Mowbray, born 25 June 1340 at Epworth, Lincolnshire, was the son o ...
by Elizabeth de Segrave.


Grey family

Sir Thomas Grey (1343/4) of Heton,
Islandshire Islandshire was an area of Northumberland, England, comprising Lindisfarne or Holy Island, plus five parishes on the mainland. It is historically associated with the Bishop of Durham, and was administratively an exclave of County Palatinate of ...
in Northumberland, married a certain Agnes, a lady of unrecorded parentage. He fought in many battles for the English king on the Marches of the Scottish borders. He was succeeded by his son: *Sir Thomas Grey (d.1374)), the chronicler, who married Margaret de Pressene, a daughter William de Pressene, of Presson, Northumberland. Sir Thomas fought in many battles, besieged castles, and recorded the events he witnessed in a celebrated historical account of the campaigns known as ''
Scalacronica The ''Scalacronica'' (1066–1363) is a chronicle written in Anglo-Norman French by Sir Thomas Grey of Heaton near Norham in Northumberland. It was started whilst he was imprisoned by the Scots in Edinburgh Castle, after being captured in an a ...
'', published in 1369. He died leaving a son Sir Thomas Grey (born 1384), aged ten. * Sir Thomas Grey (1384–1415), who married Alice Neville, a daughter of
Ralph de Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland Earl Marshal (c. 136421 October 1425), was an English nobleman of the House of Neville. Origins Ralph Neville was born about 1364, the son of John Neville, 3rd Baron Neville by his wife Maud Percy (d. ...
. He was executed 2 August 1415 for his part in the
Southampton Plot The Southampton Plot was a conspiracy to depose King Henry V of England, revealed in 1415 just as the king was about to sail on campaign to France as part of the Hundred Years' War. The plan was to replace him with Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of M ...
. *Sir Henry Grey of
Ketteringham Ketteringham is a village and civil parish located in the English county of Norfolk. It covers an area of and had a population of 169 in 70 households at the 2001 census, increasing to 178 at the 2011 Census. For the purposes of local governmen ...
,
Norfolk Norfolk () is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in East Anglia in England. It borders Lincolnshire to the north-west, Cambridgeshire to the west and south-west, and Suffolk to the south. Its northern and eastern boundaries are the No ...
, who married Emme Appleyard. *
William Grey (Bishop of Lincoln) William Grey (sometimes Gray) (died February 1436) was Bishop of London and then Bishop of Lincoln. Family William Grey was the fourth son of Sir Thomas Grey (1359 - 26 November 1400) of Heaton near Norham, Northumberland, by his wife, Joan ...
(d. 1436). *Maud Grey (1382–1451), who married Sir Robert Ogle (d. 12 August 1436) of
Ogle, Northumberland Ogle is a village in and former civil parish, now in the parish of Whalton, Northumberland, England, north-west of Ponteland and south-west of Morpeth. The surname ''Ogle'' comes from here, where the Ogle family built Ogle Castle and owned Kirkl ...
.


Hundred Years War

Between 1408 and 1413
Henry V Henry V may refer to: People * Henry V, Duke of Bavaria (died 1026) * Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor (1081/86–1125) * Henry V, Duke of Carinthia (died 1161) * Henry V, Count Palatine of the Rhine (c. 1173–1227) * Henry V, Count of Luxembourg (121 ...
granted Grey three annuities, and on 8 August 1415 gave him the forfeited estates of his brother, Sir Thomas Grey, executed for his part in the
Southampton Plot The Southampton Plot was a conspiracy to depose King Henry V of England, revealed in 1415 just as the king was about to sail on campaign to France as part of the Hundred Years' War. The plan was to replace him with Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of M ...
.. Grey fought at Agincourt in 1415. On 1 August 1417 Henry V launched his second invasion of Normandy, and in that year Grey was Captain of Mortagne in October 1417,. and was with the King at the siege of
Caen Caen (, ; nrf, Kaem) is a commune in northwestern France. It is the prefecture of the department of Calvados. The city proper has 105,512 inhabitants (), while its functional urban area has 470,000,Lollard Lollardy, also known as Lollardism or the Lollard movement, was a proto-Protestant Christian religious movement that existed from the mid-14th century until the 16th-century English Reformation. It was initially led by John Wycliffe, a Catholic ...
leader,
Sir John Oldcastle ''Sir John Oldcastle'' is an Elizabethan play about John Oldcastle, a controversial 14th-/15th-century rebel and Lollard who was seen by some of Shakespeare's contemporaries as a proto-Protestant martyr. Publication The play was originally p ...
, before Parliament. In 1419 he was again in France as Captain of Mantes, and on 31 January 1419 was granted the comté of
Tancarville Tancarville () is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region of northern France. Geography Tancarville is a farming village surrounded by woodland, by the banks of the river Seine in the Pays de Caux, some east of Le H ...
in
Normandy Normandy (; french: link=no, Normandie ; nrf, Normaundie, Nouormandie ; from Old French , plural of ''Normant'', originally from the word for "northman" in several Scandinavian languages) is a geographical and cultural region in Northwestern ...
to hold by
grand sergeanty Under feudalism in France and England during the Middle Ages, tenure by serjeanty () was a form of tenure in return for a specified duty other than standard knight-service. Etymology The word comes from the French noun , itself from the Latin , ...
of delivery of a
bascinet The bascinet – also bassinet, basinet, or bazineto – was a Medieval European open-faced combat helmet. It evolved from a type of iron or steel skullcap, but had a more pointed apex to the skull, and it extended downwards at the rear and ...
helmet at the Castle of Roan on
Saint George's Day Saint George's Day is the feast day of Saint George, celebrated by Christian churches, countries, and cities of which he is the patron saint, including Bulgaria, England, Georgia, Portugal, Romania, Cáceres, Alcoy, Aragon and Catalonia. Sai ...
each year. Grey's continued service in the French wars earned him further grants, and he was made governor of the Castle of Tournay. In 1418 or on 31 January 1419 he was created a
Knight of the Garter The Most Noble Order of the Garter is an order of chivalry founded by Edward III of England in 1348. It is the most senior order of knighthood in the British honours system, outranked in precedence only by the Victoria Cross and the George ...
. In 1420 he was Captain of
Harfleur Harfleur () is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region of northern France. It was the principal seaport in north-western France for six centuries, until Le Havre was built about five kilometres (three miles) downstream i ...
, and by that date was one of the leading landowners in Normandy. On 22 March 1420/1, while fording a river near the Chateau de Beaufort at the
Battle of Baugé The Battle of Baugé, fought between the English and a Franco- Scots army on 22 March 1421 at Baugé, France, east of Angers, was a major defeat for the English in the Hundred Years' War. The English army was led by the king's brother Thomas, ...
, Grey,
Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence Thomas of Lancaster, Duke of Clarence (autumn 1387 – 22 March 1421) was a medieval English prince and soldier, the second son of Henry IV of England, brother of Henry V, and heir to the throne in the event of his brother's death. He acted ...
, and many other of the English nobility were slain by a Franco-Scottish force, having incautiously engaged the enemy without proper preparation and with no archers in support.


Marriage and issue

In 1418 Grey married Joan de Cherleton, 6th Lord of Powys (c. 1400 – 17 September 1425), daughter and co-heiress of
Edward Charleton, 5th Baron Cherleton Edward Charlton (also Cherleton or Charleton), 5th Baron Charlton, KG (1370–1421), 5th and last Lord Charlton of Powys, was the younger son of John Charlton, the third baron, and his wife, Joan, daughter of Lord Stafford. During the lifetim ...
, by his wife Eleanor Holland, widow of
Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March Roger de Mortimer, 4th Earl of March, 6th Earl of Ulster (11 April 137420 July 1398) was an English nobleman. He was considered the heir presumptive to King Richard II, his mother's first cousin. Roger Mortimer's father, the 3rd Earl of Marc ...
. In his wife's right, Grey succeeded to the title of Lord Powis with its estates, including one
moiety Moiety may refer to: Chemistry * Moiety (chemistry), a part or functional group of a molecule ** Moiety conservation, conservation of a subgroup in a chemical species Anthropology * Moiety (kinship), either of two groups into which a society is ...
of
Powis Castle Powis Castle ( cy, Castell Powys) is a British medieval castle, fortress and grand country house near Welshpool, in Powys. The seat of the Herbert family, Earls of Powis, the castle is known for its formal gardens and for its interiors, the form ...
, the other half having been inherited by his wife's sister Joyce de Cherleton, wife of
John Tiptoft, 1st Baron Tiptoft John Tiptoft, 1st Baron Tiptoft (died 27 January 1443) was a Knight of the Shire for Huntingdonshire and Somerset, Speaker of the House of Commons, Treasurer of the Household, Chief Butler of England, Treasurer of the Exchequer and Seneschal of ...
. This arrangement remained in place until in the 1530s Joyce's great-grandson
John Sutton, 3rd Baron Dudley John Sutton, 3rd Baron Dudley ( –1553), commonly known as Lord Quondam, was an English nobleman. Early life John Sutton was born in 1494, at Dudley Castle, Worcestershire, the eldest son and heir of Sir Edward Sutton, 2nd Baron Dudley and his w ...
sold the Tiptoft moiety of Powis Castle to his nephew, the 3rd and last
Baron Grey of Powis The title Baron Grey of Powis (1482–1552) was created for the great-grandson of Joan Charleton (c. 1400–1425), co-heiress and 6th Lady of Powis (Powys) and her husband, Sir John Grey, 1st Earl of Tankerville (1384–1421) after the death of ...
. Joan de Cherleton survived her husband and in her widowhood in 1425 became heiress to her step-brother,
Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March, 7th Earl of Ulster (6 November 139118 January 1425), was an English nobleman and a potential claimant to the throne of England. A great-great-grandson of King Edward III of England, he was heir presumptive to ...
, who had earlier been the focus of the
Southampton Plot The Southampton Plot was a conspiracy to depose King Henry V of England, revealed in 1415 just as the king was about to sail on campaign to France as part of the Hundred Years' War. The plan was to replace him with Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of M ...
. By his wife he had a son and only child and heir: *
Henry Grey, 2nd Earl of Tankerville Henry Grey, 2nd Earl of Tankerville, 7th Lord of Powys (1418/1419 – 13 January 1449/1450) was an English peer. He was the son of John Grey, 1st Earl of Tankerville and his wife Joan Charleton, co-heiress and 6th Lady of Powys. Life He became the ...
(c. 1418/19 – 13 January 1450),. Henry Grey was knighted in 1426 and married Antigone in France, the illegitimate daughter of Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester. During the 1430s and 1440s the French Kings Charles VI and the dauphin, Philip regained much of the territory lost to the Valois monarchy. Having lost his lands and fortune at Tancarville, the Count died on about 13 Jan 1449/50. His title became extinct.


References


Bibliography

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External links


Grey, Earl of TankervilleMilner, John D., 'The Battle of Baugé, March 1421: Impact and Memory', ''History'', (October 2006), Vol. 91, Issue 304, pp. 484-507.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tankerville, John Grey, 1st Earl of Year of birth unknown 1421 deaths People of the Hundred Years' War Earls of Tankerville (1418 creation)