João Soares de PaivaHis name appears in medievaal sources as ''Johã soarez de pauha'', ''Johã Soares de Paiva'', ''Johan Soarez de panha'', ''Joham Soares de Pavha'', or ''Joan Soares de Pávha''. Paiva is variously spelled Pavia, Pávia, Pavha, Pauha, Panha, and Paulia; Soares can also be Soarez; and João is

Portuguese Portuguese may refer to: * anything of, from, or related to the country and nation of Portugal ** Portuguese cuisine, traditional foods ** Portuguese language, a Romance language *** Portuguese dialects, variants of the Portuguese language ** Portu ...

for John, from the

Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ...

''Iohannes''/''Johannes''. (born c. 1140) was a

poet ('' trovador'') and nobleman; often recognised as the first author in the

Galician-Portuguese language Galician-Portuguese ( gl, galego-portugués or ', pt, galego-português or ), also known as Old Portuguese or as Medieval Galician when referring to the history of each modern language, was a West Iberian Romance language spoken in the Middle ...

. He held lands in northern Portugal near the falls of the river Paiva and also in Aragon, near

Monzón Monzón is a small city and municipality in the autonomous community of Aragon, Spain. Its population was 17,176 as of 2014. It is in the northeast (specifically the Cinca Medio district of the province of Huesca) and adjoins the rivers Cinca an ...

, Tudela, and

Pamplona Pamplona (; eu, Iruña or ), historically also known as Pampeluna in English, is the capital city of the Chartered Community of Navarre, in Spain. It is also the third-largest city in the greater Basque cultural region. Lying at near above ...

, near the border with Navarre, as fiefs of the

King of Aragon This is a list of the kings and queens of Aragon. The Kingdom of Aragon was created sometime between 950 and 1035 when the County of Aragon, which had been acquired by the Kingdom of Navarre in the tenth century, was separated from Navarre ...

. While the Aragonese sovereign was in

Provence Provence (, , , , ; oc, Provença or ''Prouvènço'' , ) is a geographical region and historical province of southeastern France, which extends from the left bank of the lower Rhône to the west to the Italian border to the east; it is bor ...

, João's Aragonese territories were invaded by

Sancho VII of Navarre Sancho VII ( eu, Antso VII.a; 11577 April 1234) called the Strong ( eu, Azkarra, es, el Fuerte) was King of Navarre from 1194 until his death in 1234. He was the son and heir of Sancho VI, whom he followed as the second king to hold the ti ...

. He wrote a ''

cantiga A ''cantiga'' (''cantica'', ''cantar'') is a medieval monophonic song, characteristic of the Galician-Portuguese lyric. Over 400 extant ''cantigas'' come from the ''Cantigas de Santa Maria'', narrative songs about miracles or hymns in praise of th ...

d'escarnho'' entitled ''Ora faz ost'o senhor de Navarra'' attacking the king of Navarre for this. The dating of this ''cantiga'' is problematic because the Aragonese king is not identified by name. If it was Peter II, then the poem was probably written either between 1200 and 1204, during a period of conflict between Navarre and Aragon, or in September 1213, while Peter was in

Languedoc The Province of Languedoc (; , ; oc, Lengadòc ) is a former province of France. Most of its territory is now contained in the modern-day region of Occitanie in Southern France. Its capital city was Toulouse. It had an area of approximately ...

, where he died in the Battle of Muret. On the other hand, it may have been written between 1214 and 1216, while the child-king

James I James I may refer to: People *James I of Aragon (1208–1276) *James I of Sicily or James II of Aragon (1267–1327) *James I, Count of La Marche (1319–1362), Count of Ponthieu *James I, Count of Urgell (1321–1347) *James I of Cyprus (1334–13 ...

was staying at Monzón. However, James' good relations with Sancho make it likely that the incident occurred in the reign of Peter.

References

*Tolman, Earl Dennis
"Critical Analysis of a Cantiga d'Escarnho."
''Luso-Brazilian Review'', Vol. 8, No. 2. (Winter, 1971), pp. 54–70.

Notes

{{DEFAULTSORT:Paiva, Joao Soares De 1140s births 13th-century Portuguese poets Portuguese male poets 12th-century Portuguese poets Year of death unknown