Jessie Matthews

Jessie Margaret Matthews (11 March 1907 – 19 August 1981) was an English actress, dancer and singer of the 1920s and 1930s, whose career continued into the post-war period.

After a string of hit stage musicals and films in the mid-1930s, Matthews developed a following in the USA, where she was dubbed "The Dancing Divinity". Her British studio was reluctant to let go of its biggest name, however, which resulted in offers for her to work in Hollywood being repeatedly rejected.

After the decline of her film career, Matthews achieved a comeback in her native Britain when she took over the role of Mary Dale in the popular BBC Radio serial ''The Dales'' (previously known as ''Mrs Dale's Diary'').

Early life

Jessie Margaret Matthews was born on 11 March 1907 to Jane Matthews (née Townshend) in a flat above a butcher's shop at 94 Berwick Street, Soho, London, in relative poverty, the seventh of sixteen children (of whom eleven survived). Jessie's father, George Ernest Matthews, was a fruit-and-vegetable seller. Shortly after her birth, the family moved around the corner to 5 Livonia Street. Aged five, the family again moved, this time to 11 Carlos Street, Camden Town, where she attended St Matthew's School. In 1915, Matthews and her family returned to live in Soho, at 9 William and Mary Yard, a flat above stables, which was at the top of Great Windmill Street; the buildings were later demolished. She then attended Pulteney Street London County Council School for Girls.

Career

Beginnings

Matthews took dancing lessons as a child in a room above a local public house at 22 Berwick Street.City of Westminster green plaques She first went on stage on 29 December 1919, aged 12, in ''Bluebell in Fairyland'', by Seymour Hicks, with music by Walter Slaughter and lyrics by Charles Taylor, at The Metropolitan Music Hall, Edgware Road, London, as a child dancer.

She made her cinema debut in 1923 in the silent film '' The Beloved Vagabond''. She also had a small part in '' Straws in the Wind'', released the following year, in which her sister Rosie also appeared. 1923 also saw Jessie make her West End debut when she appeared in C. B. Cochran's production of Irving Berlin's ''Music Box Revue'' at the Palace Theatre. This was followed by a part in the chorus of ''London Calling!'', a revue by Noël Coward and Ronald Jeans presented by André Charlot.

Matthews was then in the chorus in ''Charlot's Review of 1924'' in London. She went with the show to New York, where she was also understudy to the star, Gertrude Lawrence. The show moved to Toronto, and when Lawrence fell ill, Matthews took over the role, and received glowing reviews.

Early fame

Matthews first achieved star status in ''The Charlot Show of 1926'', a show which saw her dance in ballet with Anton Dolin, and in musical comedy with Henry Lytton Junior. Matthews and Lytton married the same year, but they were divorced after only a few years. During this period, she was given a £25,000 contract with Cochran, equivalent to over £1m in 2022. She made her debut as a leading lady on Broadway in ''The Charlot Show of 1927'', a production coupled with '' Earl Carroll's Vanities''.

In 1927, Matthews starred in ''One Dam Thing After Another'' by Ronald Jeans, a West End revue with music by Richard Rodgers and Lorenz Hart, which featured Matthews introducing their hit song "My Heart Stood Still". It was in this show that she first met her co-star Sonnie Hale. The following year, they introduced Coward's romantic duet "A Room with a View" in '' This Year of Grace'', and her performance in the revue was acclaimed by critics. She was similarly successful in another revue ''Wake up and Dream'' (1929), in which she and Hale introduced Cole Porter's " Let's Do It, Let's Fall in Love".

Matthews' fame reached its initial height with her lead role in Cochran's 1930 stage production of '' Ever Green'', which premiered at the Alhambra Theatre Glasgow. The musical, by Rodgers and Hart, was partly inspired by the life of music hall star Marie Lloyd and her daughter's tribute act resurrection of her mother's acclaimed Edwardian stage show as Marie Lloyd Junior. At its time, ''Ever Green'', which included the first major revolving stage in Britain, was the most expensive musical ever mounted on a British stage. The show saw Matthews introduce another Rodgers and Hart standard, " Dancing on the Ceiling".

Film star

Matthews' first major film role was in the musical '' Out of the Blue'' (1931), but it was a commercial failure. However, the following year, she starred in '' There Goes the Bride'', directed by Albert de Courville, which was a success. This was followed by '' The Man from Toronto'', released the same year, and another film for de Courville, ''The Midshipmaid''.

Matthews enjoyed great success with her appearance in the ensemble film ''The Good Companions'' (1933), an adaptation of J. B. Priestley's novel and play directed by Victor Saville. 1933 also saw her starring in '' Waltzes from Vienna'', an operetta telling the story behind the production of " The Blue Danube" by Johann Strauss II, directed by a young Alfred Hitchcock. This was followed by another ensemble film, '' Friday the Thirteenth'' (1933), in which she appeared on screen with Hale, who was by then her husband, for the first time.

She then starred in the film version of ''Evergreen'' (1934), which featured the newly composed song "Over My Shoulder"; it would to go on to become Matthews' personal signature song, later giving its title to her autobiography and to a 21st-century musical stage show of her life.

This was followed by '' First a Girl'' (1935), in which she appears as a cross dresser, and then '' It's Love Again'' (1936), where she had an American co-star, Robert Young. Exhibitors voted her the sixth biggest star in the country that year.

Matthews then began to appear in films directed by husband: '' Gangway'' (1937), '' Head over Heels'' (1937) and '' Sailing Along'' (1938). Following the end of Hale's contract with Gaumont British, she starred in her last film for the studio, '' Climbing High'' (1938) directed by Carol Reed. In 1938, she was the fourth biggest British star at the box office.

Matthews and Hale returned to the stage in 1939 in their own musical production, ''I Can Take It'', which had a successful provincial tour. It was due to open at the London Coliseum on 12 September, but the outbreak of the war on 3 September meant the show was cancelled.

World War II

Her warbling voice and round cheeks made her a familiar and much-loved personality to British theatre and film audiences at the beginning of World War II. She was one of many British-born stars in the Hollywood film '' Forever and a Day'' (1943) (in whose cast Matthews was virtually unique, by virtue of not being an expat: while in New York City preparing for a Broadway role, Matthews had been recruited to film a role originally intended for Greer Garson in Hollywood over three days). She returned to the West End stage in Jerome Kern's ''Wild Rose'', a revival of ''Sally'', in 1942.

Matthews' popularity waned in the 1940s after several years' absence from the screen, followed by an unsatisfactory thriller, '' Candles at Nine'' (1944). She directed and featured in the short film, ''Victory Wedding'' (1944), starring John Mills and Dulcie Gray.

During the war, she entertained troops in Continental Europe as a member of ENSA.

Post-war career

Post-war audiences associated Matthews with a world of hectic pre-war luxury that was now seen as obsolete in austerity-era Britain. She appeared in variety tours, and returned to musical theatre in ''Maid to Measure'', which began touring in 1947 before coming to the Cambridge Theatre in London's West End. However, it closed after only four and-a-half weeks. Matthews began to venture into straight theatre, and appeared in a two-week run of Terence Rattigan's ''Playbill'' at the King's Theatre in Hammersmith in 1949. This was a double bill in which she took parts in ''Harlequinade'' and ''The Browning Version''. Matthews then starred in the revue ''Sauce Tartare'' at the Cambridge Theatre, which ran for several months and would prove to be her last West End role until 1966. In 1950, she undertook a tour of Britain playing Eliza Doolittle in ''Pygmalion''.

Matthews toured Australia from 1952 to 1953 in ''Larger Than Life'', a play adapted from Somerset Maugham's novel ''Theatre''. Back in the UK, 1954 saw her touring the country in Noël Coward's '' Private Lives'', playing the leading female role of Amanda. The following year, she was reunited with Sonnie Hale to star in a comedy, ''Nest of Robins'', which toured British theatres. The duo also went on tour with the play in 1957, in what would be their final appearance on stage together.

Matthews was back on cinema screens when she played Tom Thumb's mother in the 1958 children's film '' tom thumb''. Following the completion of the film, she moved to Melbourne, where she opened a drama school. She continued to work as an actress, appearing in '' Dinner with the Family'' (1959), made for Australian television. Matthews returned to live in the UK in 1960.

In the 1960s, Matthews found new fame when she took over the leading role of Mary Dale in the BBC's long-running daily radio serial '' The Dales'', formerly known ''Mrs Dale's Diary''. Despite a campaign by the show's fans, who included the Queen Mother, the series ended in 1969 after 21 years on air.

Live theatre and variety shows remained the mainstay of Matthews' work throughout the 1950s and 1960s, with successful tours of Australia and South Africa interspersed with periods of less glamorous but welcome work in British provincial theatre and pantomimes.

Later career

Matthews was awarded an OBE in 1970. She continued to make cabaret and occasional film and television appearances throughout the 1970s, including a one-off guest role in the popular BBC TV drama series '' Angels''. Her final appearance in a stage musical was playing Mrs Doasyouwouldbedoneby in ''The Water Babies'' (1973), an adaptation of the Charles Kingsley children's novel '' The Water-Babies, A Fairy Tale for a Land Baby''.

She also played Wallis Simpson's "Aunt Bessie" Merriman in the 1978 Thames TV series '' Edward & Mrs. Simpson'', which told the story of Edward VIII's abdication. The same year, she returned to the theatre in '' Lady Windermere's Fan''. Her last television appearance was in "A Picture of a Place", an episode of the ITV mystery anthology series '' Tales of the Unexpected''.

She took her one-woman stage show to Los Angeles in 1979 and won the United States Drama-Logue Award for the year's best performance in concert. Matthews' last appearance was in ''Night of One Hundred Stars'' at London's Royal National Theatre, on 14 December 1980.

Personal life and death

On 17 February 1926, aged 18, Matthews married the first of her three husbands, the 19 year-old actor Henry Lytton, Jr. at Hammersmith Register Office. He was the son of singer and actress Louie Henri and Sir Henry Lytton, the doyen of the Savoy Theatre. Matthews and Lytton Jr. lived in Warwick Close in Kensington, but the marriage did not last, and they divorced in 1930. Following this, she moved to Adelaide Road in South Hampstead.

Matthews had several romantic relationships conducted in the public eye, often causing controversy in the newspapers. The most notorious was her relationship with the married actor Sonnie Hale. A high-court judge denounced her as an "odious" individual when her love letters to Hale were used as evidence in the case of his divorce from his wife, actress/singer Evelyn 'Boo' Laye. Hale and Matthews were married on 24 January 1931 at Hampstead Register Office, and they lived in The Old House, a farmhouse in Hampton, Middlesex.

It took some time for Matthews' popularity to recover from the scandal of her affair with Hale. "If I ceased to be a star", she wrote in a piece for '' Picturegoer'' in 1934, "all that interest in my home life would evaporate, I believe. Perhaps it is the price one has to pay for being a star". During the filming of ''Evergreen'', she suffered the first of her nervous breakdowns. On 18 December that year, she prematurely gave birth to a son, John Robert Hale Monro III, who survived for only four hours. She had another serious breakdown in 1936, and was hospitalised in New York during World War II.

In 1944, after thirteen years of marriage, Sonnie Hale and Jessie Matthews were divorced. She subsequently moved to Chelsea. On 9 August 1945, she was married for the third and last time to military officer Lt. Brian Lewis, a man thirteen years her junior. In December that year, she miscarried a child. Matthews and Lewis separated in 1956, and were subsequently divorced. However, because the divorce was in South Africa, it was not recognised in England. Consequently, the decree nisi was not granted until December 1980, over twenty years since they had last seen each other. With Hale she had one adopted daughter, Catherine Hale-Monro, who married Count Donald Grixoni on 15 November 1958; they eventually divorced, but she remained known as Catherine, Countess Grixoni.

Matthews latterly lived in Hatch End, north west London. She died of cancer, aged 74, on 19 August 1981.

Legacy

Matthews was the subject of ''This Is Your Life'' in 1961. Previously, for the same show, in January 1960, she had appeared in a televised recorded message for Alicia Markova, broadcast from Matthews' home in Melbourne, Australia. Further guest appearances on ''This is Your Life'' were made by Matthews for comedian Sandy Powell, dancer Sir Anton Dolin, actor Andrew Sachs and comedienne Janet Brown.

A posthumous documentary on Matthews, ''Catch A Fallen Star'', part of the BBC's ''40 Minutes'' strand, was broadcast in 1987.

A memorial plaque above the venue for her childhood dance classes, 22 Berwick Street, Soho, was unveiled on 3 May 1995 by Andrew Lloyd Webber and stage actress Ruthie Henshall.

Theatre credits

* ''Bluebell in Fairyland'' (1919)
* ''Dick Whittington'' (1920)
* '' Babes in the Wood'' (1921)
* ''Red Riding Hood'' (1922)
* ''Music Box Revue'' (1923)
* '' London Calling!'' (1923)
* ''Charlot's Revue of 1924'' (1924)
* ''The Charlot Show of 1926'' (1926)
* ''Earl Carroll's Vanities''/''The Charlot Show of 1927'' (1927)
* ''One Dam Thing after Another'' (1927)
* ''Jordan'' (1928)
* '' This Year of Grace'' (1928)
* '' Wake Up and Dream'' (1929)
* '' Ever Green'' (1930)
* ''Hold My Hand'' (1931)
* ''Sally Who?'' (1933)
* ''I Can Take It'' (1939)
* ''Come Out to Play'' (1940)
* ''Aladdin'' (1940)
* ''The Lady Comes Across'' (1941)
* ''Wild Rose'' (1942)
* ''Maid to Measure'' (1948)
* ''Sweethearts and Wives'' (1949)
* ''Don't Listen Ladies'' (1949)
* ''Playbill'' (1949), consisting of ''Harlequinade'' and ''The Browning Version''
* ''Sauce Tartare'' (1949)
* ''Pygmalion'' (1950)
* ''Castle in the Air'' (1950)
* ''Merely Players'' (1951)
* ''Larger Than Life'' (1952, 1955 and 1962)
* ''Love in Idleness'' (1953)
* '' Private Lives'' (1954)
* ''Dear Charles'' (1955)
* ''Nest of Robins'' (1955 and 1957)
* ''Janus'' (1956)
* ''Five Finger Exercise'' (1960)
* ''Dick Whittington'' (1960)
* ''The Sacred Flame'' (1961)
* ''Port in a Storm'' (1961)
* ''What a Racket!'' (1962)
* ''A Share in the Sun'' (1966)
* ''Cockles and Champagne'' (1969)
* '' Puss in Boots'' (1969)
* ''Hay Fever'' and '' Night Must Fall'' (1970)
* '' The Killing of Sister George'' (1971)
* ''The Circle'' (1972)
* ''The Water Babies'' (1973)

Source:

Filmography

* '' The Beloved Vagabond'' (1923) – Pan
* ''This England'' (1923) – Edward, Prince of Wales
* '' Straws in the Wind'' (1924) – The Village Maiden (uncredited)
* '' Out of the Blue'' (1931) – Tommy Tucker
* '' There Goes the Bride'' (1932) – Annette Marquand
* ''The Midshipmaid'' (1932) – Celia Newbiggin
* ''The Good Companions'' (1933) – Susie Dean
* '' Friday the Thirteenth'' (1933) – Millie the Non-Stop Variety Girl
* '' The Man from Toronto'' (1933) – Leslie Farrar
* '' Waltzes from Vienna'' (aka ''Strauss's Great Waltz'') (1934) – Resi Ebezeder
* ''Evergreen'' (1934) – Harriet Green

* '' First a Girl'' (1935) – Elizabeth
* '' It's Love Again'' (1936) – Elaine Bradford aka Mrs. Smythe-Smythe
* '' Head Over Heels'' (aka ''Head Over Heels in Love'') (1937) – Jeanne Colbert
* '' Gangway'' (1937) – Pat Wayne
* '' Sailing Along'' (1938) – Kay Martin
* '' Climbing High'' (1938) – Diana
* '' Forever and a Day'' (1943) – Mildred Trimble
* '' Candles at Nine'' (1944) – Dorothea Capper – Heiress
* ''Victory Wedding'' (1944) (Director) – Narrator
* '' Tom Thumb'' (1958) – The Parent: Anne
* ''The Hound of the Baskervilles'' (1978) – Mrs. Tinsdale

Box office ranking

For a number of years, British film exhibitors voted her among the top ten stars in Britain at the box office via an annual poll in the ''Motion Picture Herald''.
* 1936 – 6th most popular star, 2nd most popular British star
* 1937 – 3rd
* 1938 – 4th

Home video

Matthews' 12 starring films from ''There Goes the Bride'' to ''Sailing Along'' have been released on DVD in the UK by Network. The same films, except for ''Waltzes from Vienna'' and ''Evergreen'', have also been released on DVD in the US by VCI Entertainment In France, ''Waltzes from Vienna'' has been released on DVD under its local title, ''Le Chant du Danube'' by Universal, who paired it with another Hitchcock-directed film, '' Downhill'' (1927). ''Climbing High'' has also been released on French DVD by Elephant Films, as ''La Grande escalade''.

Three of the four remaining films Matthews made after the end of her leading lady period (''Forever and a Day'', ''Tom Thumb'' and ''The Hound of the Baskervilles'') have been released on DVD in various countries.

Bibliography and sources

* ''Over My Shoulder'', by Jessie Matthews and Muriel Burgess, W.H. Allen Publisher, 1974 ()
* ''Jessie Matthews – A Biography'', by Michael Thornton, Hart-Davis Publisher, 1974 ()
* ''Oxford Companion to Popular Music'', Peter Grimmond, Oxford University Press, 1991 ()

References

External links

*

British Pictures biography


with audio clips
*
*

Woman's Hour Centenary programme
on BBC Radio 4

''Their Record Speaks for Them''
article about her recording career

The Jessie Matthews Homepage
archived at the Wayback Machine

Theatre & Performance: Jessie Matthews
Victoria and Albert Museum article archived at the Wayback Machine

Jessie Matthews Appreciation Society.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Matthews, Jessie
1907 births
1981 deaths
Deaths from cancer in England
English female dancers
English film actresses
English musical theatre actresses
English radio personalities
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
People from Eastcote
People from Soho
20th-century English actresses
Actresses from London
20th-century English singers
20th-century English women singers
People from Camden Town
People from the London Borough of Harrow
Women who experienced pregnancy loss