Jastrzębiec coat of arms

Jastrzębiec () is one of the most ancient Polish coat of arms. Dating back to the 10th century, it has been used by Poland's oldest szlachta families — Poland's Immemorial nobility — and remains in use today.

History

Legend of the coat of arms

According to the Polish-Czech writer and heraldist Bartosz Paprocki, this coat of arms is called ''Jastrzebiec'' because the clan's pagan ancestors bore a Goshawk, or ''Jastrzab''.

In the era of King Bolesław the Brave, circa 999, during a siege of the mountain fortress Łysa Góra – two miles from Bozecin, now called Swiety Krzyz ( Holy Cross) – the Christian besiegers were challenged by the pagan holders of the place, to "Send forth one from among you who is willing to fight for Christ, in a challenge against one of our men." Jastrzebczyk, a knightly member of the Jastrzebiec clan invented horseshoes that enabled his horse to climb the slippery slopes and to defeat and bring the pagan champion before the king. The rest of the Polish forces, their horses similarly shod, scaled the mountain to defeated their enemy. In gratitude, king granted Jastrzebczyk the right to bear a horseshoe with a cross as part of his arms, with the Goshawk being elevated above the shield.

It is doubtful that Jastrzebczyk in 999, was the first in Poland to shoe horses. Poppaea, in the time of the Roman emperor Nero, had her horse shod with silver shoes. Others before her used iron. In 278, in Bohemia, there was a noble house with three horseshoes on its seal. In Poland, in the time of Leszek II, Leszek the Traitor shod his horse to cross Pradnik Field, which was covered in barbs, to get to a crown on a pillar, and was credited as being the inventor of horseshoes. It may therefore be that Jastrzebczyk renewed a previous practice.

Possibly, the arms arrived in Poland with Lech, the legendary founder of Poland. The cross may have added for a member of his family who was baptized (in ''Stromata'', Paprocki affirms that one member of this family while in foreign lands, converted to Christianity there, and this was the cause of the Polish prince Mieczyslaw's Mieszko conversion). The antiquity of the arms is further attested to by one of the Jastrzebczyks being among the twelve voivodes who at different times ruled the entire country.

The antiquity of the Jastrzebiec coat-of-arms is also evident by the fact that no other coats of arms is borne by more families. Paprocki says, in ''O herbach'', that several hundred years ago the clan called themselves simply Jastrzebczyks. Not until after the days of Archbishop Wojciech of Gniezno did foremost members of this house began to write ''z Rytwian'' ("from Rytwiany"). Other members similarly named themselves after the estates they possessed.

Jastrezebiec's antiquity lead others coat-of-arms to be derived from it, including Dąbrowa, Zagłoba, and Pobóg. These arms are also called ''Boleszczyc'', in Silesia, and ''Lazanki'', in Mazovia. In other places Jastrzebczyks are called by names coming from the word for "goshawk", ''Kaniowa'' or ''Kudbrzowa''. In Paprocki's day there was a Jastrzebiec castle, belonging to the Zborowskis; General Piotr Zborowski from Rytwiany, Kraków voivode, tore it down, dug it out, and had a large pond put in its place.

Ancestors of this house

Based on a grant of privilege to a monastery in 999, Paprocki cites the most ancient member of this house as being a castellan of Sandomierz, a man named Mszczuj. Mszczuj's two sons Mszczuj and Jan, who signed themselves "from Jakuszewice", were both made canons in Kraków by Bishop Lambert in 1061. In 1084, Dlugosz wrote that the Jastrzebczyks who came from Hungary with Mieczyslaw, son of Boleslaw the Bold.

Derszlaw was cup-bearer for King Bolesław Wry-mouth in 1114. Bolesław IV the Curly granted the title to the villages of Jakuszewice and Kobelniki to Derszlaw's sons Wojciech and Derszlaw, of whom Wojciech was the Sandomierz standard-bearer. Paprocki cites a fragment of his in ''O herbach'', but the long stretch of time between them and their father, 166 years, indicates that they were not the sons of Derszlaw the cup-bearer. Paprocki cites a monastery grant of privilege given in 1199 for Borzywoj and Derszlaw Jastrzebczyk, heirs to Jakuszowice. He also includes Piotr, son of Wojciech, the Sandomierz standard-bearer.

Swentoslaw, a pastor from Poznań and Gniezno canon, was chosen to be bishop of Poznań; already of an advanced age, he had retired, but he yielded to those urging him and accepted the office. He spent only a year at this see before his death in 1176 and was buried in the church. Nakiel. w Miechov. fol. 66, praises the good works of this Swietoslaw, for saving his monastery at its beginning with generous alms; he ascribes to Swietoslaw the Pobog arms. Yet Długosz in ''Vitae Episc. Posnan'', and others, call him a Jastrebczyk. Paprocki writes that in Jędrzejów a grave from the year 1206 is covered with a stone on which the Jastrzębiec arms are still visible, but the letters can no longer be read.

Piotr Brevis (called ''Maly'' ("small"), as ''brevis'' is Latin for "short") was chosen to be the nineteenth bishop of Plock in 1254. In the fifth year of his episcopate, he moved to another see. However in ''Vitae Episc. Plocens'', Lubienski ascribed no coat-of-arms to him yet wrote Piotr Brevis was of a noble clan. Paprocki in ''O herbach'', added that Piotr Brevis was a Jastrzebczyk.

Silesian Bishop Jan of Wrocław was the first Pole to ascend the episcopacy, inasmuch as only Italians had held the position before. Bishop Jan of Wrocław elected in 1062, presided for 10 years, and died in 1072. This is attested to by Dlugosz in ''Kronika'', wherein he wrote that Bishop Jan of Wrocław was of the Jastrzebiec clan.

Additional forebears of this clan are Michal, castellan of Kraków in 1225; Mistuj, voivode of Kraków in 1242; Scibor, voivode of Leczyca in 1242; and Msciug, voivode of Sandomierz in 1342. A letter of Kazimierz the Great, King of Poland, given to the Strzelno monastery, mentions, ''inter praesentes'', Mszczuj, Kraków chamberlain.

Jedrzej, Bishop of Vilna, called "Vasilo" by the Lithuanians, was an apostolic shepherd in the days of King Władysław II Jagiełło. Kromer. In 1399, Jedrzej proselytized Christianity in pagan Lithuania. Marcisz, brother of Bishop Jedrzej, endowed the Franciscan Fathers in Nowe Miasto with a monastery and he bought Zborów, from which came the family of Zborowskis.

Wojciech, Archbishop of Gniezno, was born in the village of Lubnica. His father, possessed of a meager fortune, gave up Wojciech to the Bensowa parish church. As Dlugosz wrote n ''Vitae Episcop. Posnan.'':

I give you up, my son, not into the ranks of students but of bishops. Remember, when you have become a bishop, do not forget your current standing, in which you see both your mother and me, your brothers and sisters: this lack of means in which you were born is greater than could fade from your memory if you had the greatest fortune. When you become a bishop, do this for me, make a church of brick in this place where I give you up for schooling.

Wojciech listened to all of this and promised to fulfill the exhortation as a paternal order. The hopes of both were realized, for Wojciech, soon became a priest, from being a Kraków scholastic, as Dlugosz says, or from being a Kraków dean and Poznan pastor, he became the mitred prelate of Poznan in 1399. Tearing down the wooden church in Bensowa, he had a brick one built in 1407, and later settled the friars of St. Paul the Hermit there, and gave to it the villages of Bensowa, Bensowka, Bydlowa, and Bystronowice. Besides this, he founded the collegiate church in Warsaw, and the cathedral.

Thus for 14 years Wojciech held that post at that church in a laudable manner, so that he was held in high regard by all, both for his wisdom, which was demonstrated at every chancellery function, and for his piety. But he put himself under great strain when, having removed Piotr Wiss, of Leszczyc arms, from the Kraków episcopacy. He recalled Wiss to that of Poznan and he himself occupied the Kraków bishopric in 1412. He had many quarrels because of it: for as soon as the matter arose at the Council of Konstanz it moved all the priests assembled there with compassion for Peter Wiss, and surely Wiss would have returned to his bishopric if he had not died at that point.

Wojciech, more secure after Wiss's death, founded a city, having cleared some woods, and called it Jastrzebie. He endowed and gave to it two parish churches in Sandomierz province: one in Wysokie, in Lublin district; the other in Kortynicak, in Sandomierz district. He designated a tithe for the altar of St. Agnes, in Kraków diocese. Then in 1423, he was elevated to the rank of metropolitan and primate, and there left a memory of his generosity, funding two benefices, one theological and one juridical, as well as a third in Kalisz. He set up an altar in Leczyca, returned regular canons to Klodawa, and raised their church to collegiate rank. He died in 1436, an important, judicious man and a great lover of his country, as Dlugosz and Damalew praised him in ''Vitae Archiepisc. Gnesn.'', and Starowol. in ''Vitae Episc. Cracov''.

Wojciech had amassed considerable wealth, which he left to his successors, and while yet alive bought for them Rytwiany, in Sandomierz district, and Borzyslawice, in Leczyca district, where he funded benefices. The sources of that wealth were suspect, in that the curate of the Poznań Cathedral had shown him the collection and treasury of the ancient kings of Poland, of which the curates had passed on knowledge in secret, each to the next, until that time.

From that time, Wojciech's successors began to sign their names as ''z Rytwian'' ("from Rytwiany"): his brother was Scibor, voivode of Leczyca, who had twenty sons. Paprocki saw all their portraits in the Bensowa church, but the signatures under them could not be read. Eight of the sons died in the Prussian war, the other twelve were various castellans.

Blazon

The following is from the classic heraldic reference ''Herbarz Polski'', by Kasper Niesiecki, S. J., Leipzig edition, 1839-1846. In this book, for each ''herb'' (clan shield or coat of arms) the blazon, or verbal description of the arms, is first given in authentic heraldic style, followed by a translation from the Polish description by Niesiecki.

Arms: azure, a horseshoe reversed, between its branches, a small cross patée en abime, both or. Upon a wreath of the colors mantled of his liveries whereon is set for a crest: out of a ducal coronet, a hawk proper, wings surgent, belled and jessed, holding in its dexter talons, a charge of the shield.

On a shield in a blue field is a gold horseshoe, with its heels pointed straight up, and in its center a cross; on the helmet over a crown is a goshawk with its wings slightly raised for flight, facing the right side of the shield. On its legs are small bells and a leather strap, in its right talon it holds a horseshoe with cross, like those on the shield.

In heraldry, the right and left sides of a shield are considered from the standpoint of the bearer—i. e., the one holding the shield. His right would be your left and vice versa. The tinctures (colors) are as follows: ''azure'' = blue; ''gules'' = red; ''sable'' = black; ''or'' = gold; ''argent'' = silver; and ''vert'' = green. All charges (pictures) on a shield are assumed to be facing dexter (bearer's right side) unless otherwise specified. In Polish heraldry, all animals or birds are assumed to be in their natural coloring unless otherwise specified.

Notable bearers

Notable bearers of this coat of arms include:
* Adam Chmielowski
* Xawery Stanisław Czernicki
* Count Anton
Litwicki
son of Jan Karol Litwicki (Head of State Audit), brother of Michal
* Count Michal Litwicki (1796-1856) officer in the November Rising (1830-1831), second lieutenant, then captain in the 2nd Mazurian Cavalry Regiment in the army of the Kingdom of Poland (183

* Andrzej Niemirowicz
* Zdzisław Peszkowski
* Edmund Taczanowski
* Władysław Taczanowski
* Dominik Dziewanowski
* Marian Kamil Dziewanowski
* Kazimierz Dziewanowski First post-communist Polish ambassador to the US.
* Marcin Kunert-Dziewanowski known as Martin Kunert within the United States
* Both family
* Conrad Swan
* Jan Skrzetuski is a fictional character created by Polish author Henryk Sienkiewicz in the novel ''With Fire and Sword''.

Towns and counties

* Konopnica, Wieluń County
* Gmina Konopnica, Łódź Voivodeship
* Bychawa

Gallery

Standard variations

File:POL COA Abrahamowicz.svg, Coat of arms of Abrahamowicz (Abramowicz) family, 16th century
File:POL COA Bełza.svg, Ennoblement of Erazm Bełza in 1591 (According to Ostrowski)
File:POL COA Bełza2.svg, Ennoblement of Erazma Bełzy in 1591 (According to Trelińska)
File:Białachowski POL COA.svg, Coat of arms of Białachowski family
File:POL COA Brzozowski.svg, Coat of arms of Brzozowski family
File:Chyliński POL COA.svg, Coat of arms of Chyliński family
File:Ciborski POL COA.svg, Coat of arms of Ciborski family
File:POL COA Czernicki.svg, Coat of arms of Czernicki from Płock
File:POL COA Czernyszew.svg, Coat of arms of Czernyszew family (Ukraine), 1765
File:POL COA Domaradzki II.svg, Domaradzki II – variant Domaradzki
File:POL COA Dziengiel.svg, Coat of arms of Dziengiel (Dzingel) family (Prussia).(According to Urski)
File:POL COA Gierałtowski.svg, Coat of arms of Gierałtowski family from Opole. (According to Ostrowski)
File:POL COA Gliszczyński.svg, Coat of arms of Gliszczyński family, 17th century
File:POL COA Grębecki.svg, Coat of arms of Grębecki family from Brześć-Kujawski 18th century
File:POL COA Jaczyński.svg, Coat of arms of Bernard Jaczyński, 18th century
File:POL COA Jastrzębiec I.svg, Jastrzębiec I – standard variation (According to Ostrowski)
File:POL COA Jastrzębiec III.svg, Jastrzębiec III – variation (According to Ostrowski)
File:POL COA Jastrzębiec IV.svg, Jastrzębiec IV – coat of arms of Kierski, Konopnicki, Leszczyński and Zielonka families
File:POL COA Jastrzębiec V.svg, Jastrzębiec V – coat of arms of Brzozowski and i Koczasski families
File:POL COA Jastrzębiec VI.svg, Jastrzębiec VI – coat of arms of Turłaj family (According to Ostrowski)
File:POL COA Kapica.svg, Coat of arms of Kapica family from Powiat Bialski in Podlasie
File:POL COA Kiersnowski II.svg, Kiersnowski II – coat of arms of Kiersnowski family (Lithuanuia)
File:POL COA Koczański.svg, Coat of arms of Koczański family from Koczań near Radom, 17th century
File:POL COA Kozłowski IV.svg, Ennoblement of Antoni Kozłowski (1768)
File:POL COA Kościelski.svg, Coat of arms of Kościeleski family from Greater Poland and Silesia, 17th century (According to Urski)
File:POL COA Kościelski2.svg, Coat of arms of Kościeleski family from Greater Poland and Silesia, 17th century – (According to Ostrowski)
File:POL COA Lemnicki.svg, Coat of arms of Lemnicki – Bartoszewicz family, (According to Ostrowski and Chrząński)
File:POL COA Lemnicki2.svg, Coat of arms of Lemnicki – Bartoszewicz family, (According to Urski)
File:POL COA Łukomski - odmiana Jastrzębca.svg, Coat of arms of Łukomski family
File:POL COA Mierczyński.svg, Coat of arms of Mierczyński family frok, Łęczyca, 16th century
File:POL COA Niemyski.svg, Coat of arms of Niemyski family from Niemyj and Podlasie, 17th century
File:POL COA Niemyski II.svg, Variant II (Niemyski family)
File:POL COA Pełka.svg, Coat of arms of Pełka (Silesia), 18th century
File:POL COA Pełka II.svg, Variant II (Pełka II)
File:POL COA Pełkowski.svg, Coat of arms of Jastrzębiec-Pełkowski (Prussia) 17th century
File:POL COA Rokiczana.svg, Coat of arms of Jan Rokiczan
File:POL COA Rudnicki II.svg, Coat of arms of Rudnicki family, (Prussia and Greater Poland), 17th century
File:POL COA Schabicki.svg, Ennoblement of Schabicki family, 1765
File:POL COA Sikorski - odmiana Jastrzębca.svg, Coat of arms of Józef Sikorski, 18th century
File:POL COA Skopowski.svg, Coat of arms of Skopowski family from Skopow, 17th century
File:POL COA Skowroński II.svg, Ennoblement of Daniel Skowroński (1790)
File:POL COA Skórski.svg, Ennoblement of Skórski family, (Livonia, Lublin Voivodship, Sandomierz Voivodship), 17th century
File:POL COA Szaszewicz.svg, Coat of arms of Szaszewicz (Sasiewicz) family from Troki Voivodship
File:POL COA Szaszewski.svg, Coat of arms of Szaszewski family
File:POL COA Turłaj.svg, Coat of arms of Turłaj family
File:POL COA Unierzycki.svg, Coat of arms of Unierzycki family
File:POL COA Welinowicz.svg, Coat of arms of Welinowicz family
File:POL COA Wierzchowski.svg, Coat of arms of Adamow Wierzchowski, 1635

Aristocratic variations

File:POL COA Połubiński.svg, Princely House of Połubiński
File:POL COA Bobrowski Hrabia.svg, Coat of arms of Count Ignacy Bobrowski (1800)
File:POL COA Grzębski.svg, Coat of arms of Count Stanisław Grzębski (1804)
File:POL COA Karśnicki.svg, Coat of arms of Count Antoni Karśnicki (1821)
File:POL COA Koziebrodzki.svg, Coat of arms of Count Marcin Koziebrodzki (1781)
File:POL COA Kuczkowski hrabia.svg, Coat of arms of Count Andrzej Kuczkowski (1807)
File:POL COA Piniński.svg, Coat of arms of Count Stanisław and Jerzy Piniński (1780)
File:POL COA Taczanowski.svg, Coat of arms of Count Alfons Taczanowski (1854)
File:POL COA Zborowski.svg, Coat of arms of Count Maksymilian Zborowski (1792)
File:POL COA Myszkowski.svg, Coat of arms of Marquesses Myszkowski (1597)
File:POL COA Borowski baron.svg, Coat of arms of baron Józef Borowski (1808)
File:POL COA Niemyski baron.svg, Coat of arms of baron Maciej Niemyski (1783)

See also

* Polish heraldry
* Heraldry
* Coat of arms
* Mystkowski
* Taczanowski

Related coats of arms

* Chyliński coat of arms

Sources

Dynastic Genealogy

Ornatowski.com

Tadeusz Gajl’s POLISH ARMORIAL

References

External links

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Jastrzebiec coat of arms
Polish coats of arms